Anatomy and Performance

R WelfordR Welford

Skeleton and Joints

Today we are going to concentrate Today we are going to concentrate on the how the FUNCTION of the on the how the FUNCTION of the skeleton and JOINTS work in sport. skeleton and JOINTS work in sport.

How are you going to remember the 4 functions? Blood Production, Protection, Movement, Shape/Support (BP makes sense!)

The Four Functions of the Skeleton

1. Blood Production 2. Protection

3. Movement 4. Shape/Support

Below is a diagram of two broken Below is a diagram of two broken bones, can you name them?bones, can you name them?

Joint typesJoint types

 Ball and Socket JointsShoulder and the hip. They allow a circular movement in these joints.

In the hip it is the femur which provides the 'ball'. The pelvis, or hip bone, provides the socket.

At the shoulder the 'ball' is part of the humerus, the long bone in the top of the arm. The 'socket' is formed by the scapula or the shoulder blade.

Ball and socketBall and socket

Ball and Socket jointBall and Socket joint

In the picture below the ball and socket joint at the hip allows the player to get height and then the ball and socket joint at the shoulder allows him to SLAM DUNK!!

Hinge Joints

These are found at the elbow These are found at the elbow and the knee.and the knee.

They allow a movement of 180° They allow a movement of 180° in one direction. in one direction.

Try moving your arm at the Try moving your arm at the elbow. It can only move in a elbow. It can only move in a half circle (180°) and only up half circle (180°) and only up and down. and down.

Now move your arm from the Now move your arm from the shoulder and see the shoulder and see the difference.difference.

Hinge joint (the elbow) in use taking a set Hinge joint (the elbow) in use taking a set shot shot

The knee (HINGE JOINT) is used when flexing (bending) and extending (straightening) the leg to kick a football

Hinge joints and Ball and Socket joints are known as SYNOVIAL JOINTS because the joint is filled with a liquid called synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid helps lubricate and protect the bones.

Joints are held together by ligaments.

Learning Objective: How the FUNCTION How the FUNCTION of the skeleton and JOINTS work in of the skeleton and JOINTS work in

sport.sport.

Today’s Tasks:

• Label the bones of the skeleton.

• Complete the table on page 4 identifying the types of movement possible at a joint and examples different sporting techniques.