I. A Changing World

A. __________________________________ Age- “Old Stone Age”

1. called the Stone Age because early man used stone and

__________________ as ________________, weapons and

___________________ utensils

2. lived in small groups called ______________________ of usually

20-50 people

3. moved from place to place in search of food

( ______________________ )

4. men hunted prehistoric mammals such as wooly

_______________________ and mastodon, while women

gathered plants, wild _____________________, seeds and

_________________

5. lived in ____________ and often created art on the cave walls

What do you think this picture represents?

6. developed the use of ________________

7. because they did not develop a writing system not many

_____________________________ sources (first person accounts

of an event such as a newspaper, ___________________ or

picture) are available

8. ______________________________ study man objects such as

pottery and tools ( ______________________ )

Why was the development of fire so important?

B. Land Bridge Theory

1. between 10,000 and 100,000 years ago, the world was

mostly covered by ________________________________________

(thick sheets of ice)

2. as water froze, ocean levels dropped revealing a

“______________________________” over the Bering Strait

connecting ______________ and North America which is

known as __________________________________

3. hunters __________________________ (traveled) to follow

prehistoric mammals in search of food

4. some people may have taken _______________________ along

the _____________________ coast

5. people eventually spread across _________________ and

________________ America over thousands of years

C. Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)

1. temperatures started to _________________________ and sea

levels rose covering the Beringia ___________________

2. larger animals started to become __________________________

due to the warming temperatures

3. man began to change his diet and eat _________________ and

small ________________________

4. eventually people began to settle near sources of

___________________ like ________________________ and streams

5. developed _______________________________ methods, ways to

bring water to them, and started to grow food plants

( _________________ or maize was first)

6. dependable food supply helped the population

_______________ as people started to live

________________________

7. __________________________ (to have more than you need)

allowed people to ____________________________________ or

tame animals such as cattle, ________________________, sheep

and ________________

8. people started living together and developed

________________________ with cities, science and jobs

II. Pre-Columbian Civilizations of Meso-AmericaA. Mayans (200-900 AD)

1. located in southern _________________________ and Central America

2. create an agricultural society that grew __________________ (corn) and other vegetables

3. built huge _____________________________ that were used as temples

4. invented the concept of ______________ before the Europeans and create an accurate calendar with __________ days

B. ________________________ (1200-1535 AD)1. through conquest and alliance they create a huge empire in

__________________

2. practiced ____________________________ (belief on more than one god) and used prisoners for _______________________________ sacrifice to satisfy their gods

3. limited ________________________ land caused them to _______________ to their surroundings and create “floating gardens” ( ____________________________________ ) made of mud to increase agriculture

4. create highly organized cities like

____________________________________

III. North American TribesA. Northwest and Far North

1. located in Washington, Canada, __________________ and the ___________________

2. very cold winters and very ___________________ summers

3. ice all year long made ____________________________ very difficult

4. ____________________ so tents were made of animal ________________ in summer and built ________________ in the winter ( ______________________ tribe)

5. hunted marine mammals ( ________________, seals), fish, birds, bears and ____________________

6. believed in more than one god ( ___________________________________ ) and honored the ____________________, wind, weather and animal spirits( ___________________________ )

7. in Oregon and _______________________ trees were abundant and were used to build ______________________________ and canoes

8. ______________________- ceremony where you give guests gifts (woven cloth, _______________________, furs) to show the status of the family

I wish I could wear shorts more often. It’s freezing where I live.

B. Southwest 1. located in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Colorado

(the ___________ Corners)

2._______________________ was very hot with little rain

(less than ______ inches)3. grew the _______________ sister crops (Corn, ______________

and Squash) by storing the rain water from summer storms4. lived in apartment style homes called

__________________________ built with sun-dried ______________________

5. honored the earth, sun and sky spirits6. ex: _______________________

C. ____________________________1. located between the Mississippi River and the

__________________ Mountains2. tall grass and few _____________ with limited amount of

_____________ 3. ________________________ tribes who followed the

_________________4. skilled and brave horseback riders

5. used buffalo meat for ________________, bones for tools and hides for ________________________ (portable homes), clothes and shields

6. lived in tepees, portable homes made from buffalo hide7. ex: ___________________

IV. IroquoisA. Background Information

1. tribes east of the _________________________________ River were known as the Eastern

Woodland tribes

2. was home to many different tribes who had different ________________________________ and customs

3. available resources included ___________________, trees and numerous animals

The Eastern Woodlands region covered the east coast

of the United States. It stretched from the Atlantic

Ocean west to the Mississippi River. It also included parts of

southern Canada

4. most of the tribes lived in permanent settlements called villages

5. _________________________a. located mostly in Canada and along the Great Lakeb. lived in ________________________c. were the enemy of the Iroquois

6. Iroquois were the most powerful tribe in the region (over 40,000 people)

B. Interaction with the Environment1. hunted deer, beavers, _____________________ and moose with

bows and arrows2. used ________________ and burn _______________________ to

clear forest to increase land to grow crops3. learned to grow the ____________________ Sister crops

(Corn, ________________, Squash) and ate fruit and nuts available to them

4. used the wood from trees to make _________________________, farming tools and household items

C. _____________________________1. __________________________ shaped house that was home to a

group of related _______________________ and their familiesLonghouses were owned by the women and passed down from mother to daughter

2. usually about _______ feet wide and 150 feet long3. home to about 8-10 families with each family having their

own fire to cook 4. called themselves the ______________________________________

or “people of the long houseD. Religious Beliefs

1. practiced _______________________ (belief in more than one __________ )

2. believed that all things in nature had a spirit ( _______________________ )

E. Iroquois Confederacy (M.O.O.C.S- from east to west)1. Iroquois were actually

____________ different tribes, each made of many clans

a. Mohawk

b. ______________c. Onondagad. _______________e. Senecaf. __________________ joined later on making it six tribes

2. during the 1500s, these tribes were constantly at war with each other

3. _____________________, a tribal leader also known as the ____________________________, believed that the tribes would benefit by working together to keep peace

4. tribes agreed to work together to protect them from the _______________________ but would still be separate tribes

5. ________________________- weak style of friendship between tribes or states

F. Role of Women1. women were very important and very powerful in their

culture2. they could own __________________3. could _____________ their tribal leaders called

_____________________4. planted most of the crops and gathered ___________ and

berries 5. could _______________________ their husband by removing his

belongings from their home6. __________________________ society- husband moved into the

_________ clan and took on her name