Single Supply OpAmp Circuit Designing
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Transcript of Single Supply OpAmp Circuit Designing
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March 1, 2012 Dr. Lynn Fuller
Single Supply Op Amp Circuits
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYMICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Single Supply Op Amp Circuits
Dr. Lynn FullerWebpage: http://people.rit.edu/lffeee
Microelectronic Engineering
Rochester Institute of Technology82 Lomb Memorial DriveRochester, NY 14623-5604
Tel (585) 475-2035Fax (585) 475-5041
Email: [email protected]
Department webpage: http://www.microe.rit.edu
3-1-12 OpAmpSingleSupply.ppt
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Single Supply Op Amp Circuits
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
OUTLINE
IntroductionBasic Dual Supply Op Amp Circuits
Power SuppliesNJU 703X Op AmpLTC 6078 Op AmpSingle Supply Op Amp Circuits
Virtual GroundInverting AmplifierNon Inverting AmplifierComparatorMultivibrator
Current to Voltage ConverterDifferential Amplifier
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
INTRODUCTION
This document discusses single-supply, low-voltage, rail-to-rail,Operational Amplifier (Op Amp) circuits. Although all op amps canoperate with single supply or dual supply, most engineers arefamiliar with dual-supply Op Amp circuits such as those shown onthe following page. The dual supply allows the input and output tobe easily referenced to zero volts. (analog ground = earth ground)
Single supply Op Amps usually refers to low voltage Op Ampsusing voltages of 5, 3.3 or smaller and ground. Some types of OpAmps will not work at these voltages. (some Op Amps use BJTcurrent source biasing that takes a couple of diode drops of voltageto work thus the output voltage of these Op Amps can only get
within 1.4 volts of the supply rails. For example at 5 volts, output islimited between 1.4 volts and 3.6 volts and with 3.3 volts supplysome Op Amps may not work at all. With single supply Op Ampcircuits we also can not have negative output voltages. There areseveral techniques for working with these limitations.
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
SOME BASIC DUAL SUPPLY OP AMP CIRCUITS
These dual supply circuits should be familiar:
-
+Vo
Vin
R2R1
Non-Inverting Amplifier
-
+VoVin
C
R
Integrator
Vo= Vin (1 + R2/R1)
Vo= -1/RC Vin dt
-
+
Unity Gain Buffer
VinVo
Vo= Vin
+V
- V
+V
- V
+V
- V
-
+VoVin
R2R1
Inverting Amplifier
Vo= - Vin R2/R1
+V
- V
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
VOLTAGE SUPPLIES
Dual DC Power Supply
Single Supply
Multiple Output
Supplies
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
BASIC TWO STAGE CMOS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
1. Low Voltage operation2. Rail to Rail input and output voltages3. Low Input bias ~ 1pA or smaller4. Low Output Current (depends on M6 and M7)5. Unity Gain Bandwidth depends on Cc
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
LOW VOLTAGE, RAIL-TO-RAIL OP AMP
1. 3 to 16 Volt operation2. Rail to Rail input and output voltages3. Low Input bias ~ 1pA4. Output Current ~1mA5. Unity Gain Bandwidth 1.5 MHz
6. Power Dissipation 1mA at 3 V = 3000uW
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
NJU703X OP AMP DATA SHEET
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
LTC6078 OP AMP
1. 2.7 to 5.5 Volt operation2. Rail to Rail input and output voltages3. Low Input bias ~ 1pA4. Output Current ~5mA5. Unity Gain Bandwidth ~350Khz6. Power dissipation 54 uA at 3 V = 162uW
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
LTC6078 OP AMP
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
CREATING A SPLIT SUPPLY FROM A SINGLE SUPPLY
Signal
Ground
Chassis
GroundEarth
Ground
Virtual
Ground
Analog
Ground
Digital
GroundCommon
Ground
Floating
Ground
Single
Supply
R
R
C
C
Simple Voltage Splitter+V/2
-V/2
The simple voltagesplitter draws a lot ofpower if Rs are low.Cs ensure AC short(for AC signals). Csmight not be neededfor DC signals.
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
VIRTUAL GROUND / VOLTAGE SPLITTER
+
100K +VVout = V/2
100K
+VVirtual Ground Using Op Amp
Virtual ground is simply a voltage referencetypically half of the supply voltage.
This virtual ground can supply/sink only asmuch current as the maximum Op Amp outputcurrent.
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
TLE2426 RAIL SPLITTER (COMMERCIAL VIRTUAL GND)
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
VOLTAGE FOLLOWER EXAMPLE
Vac
-+
Vo = Vin = Vac + Vdc
+V
1. If Vin is between the +V and V supply values then Vo = Vin2. Vin can not go negative in the example shown because V supply is ground.3. If the signal generator has a DC offset (Vdc) that is larger than the signal
amplitude then this circuit will work because Vin will never go negative.4. The output can be referenced to ground or to analog ground5. Vdc does not need to be V/2
Vdc
Vin
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLE
-
+ Vo
Vin
R2
R1
Inverting Amplifier
Vo= - Vin R2/R1+V
+-
1. This is a DC and AC amplifier2. The input is referenced to the virtual ground.
3. The virtual ground needs to source or sink the current Vin/R14. The Op Amp needs to source or sink Vo/R25. The output voltage is referenced to the virtual ground which may
be of +V6. If a load is connected to Vo the virtual ground needs to source or
sink the load current.
These Grounds are not the same
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLES
Vin
-
+
R2
2R1
AC Inverting Amplifierwith capacitor coupling
Vo= - Vin R2/R1
+V
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLES
-
+
R2
2R1
DC Inverting Amplifier
Vo= - Vin R2/R1
+V
2R1
+V
+
-
Vin
+
-
100K
100K
+V
Vo
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLES
-
+
20K
+V = 3.3
20K
+V=3.3
100K
+3.3
10K
To
10.07K
10K
Sensor
Vo
1. The two 20K resistors can be replaced byits Thevenin equivalent of V/2 and 10K
2. This sets up the analog ground at V/2 andthe voltage gain to 113. Vin is V/2 (or zero if referenced to
analog ground) if the sensor is 10K4. If the sensor is not exactly10K then Vo
will have a value of 11 x Vin
Vin
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
COMPARATOR
-
+VoVin
Vo
VinVref
+V
Vref
+V
+V
Theoretical
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
BISTABLE CIRCUIT WITH HYSTERESIS
-
+Vo
Vin
+V
RR
Vo
Vin
VTH
+V
VTL
Theoretical+V
R
0
VT= 2/3 V
=1/3 V
1. The Rs set up the threshold voltage at V/3 and 2V/32. Vout is either +V or Ground
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
SINGLE SUPPLY OSCILLATOR (MULTIVIBRATOR)
-
+Vo
C
+V
R2R1
R
VT
+VR3
Vo
t
t1
+V
0
Let R1 = 100K, R2=R3=100K
and +V = 3.3
Then VTH = 2.2 when Vo = 3.3
VTL = 1.1 when Vo = 0
VTHVTL
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
SINGLE SUPPLY PHOTO DETECTOR I TO V AMP
+Light
I
NJU7024
470K
+5
Vout
Vishay BPW46Digikey No. 751-1017-ND
The voltage across the diode is zero
volts in the dark and the current iszero
In the light I is 5uA (in directionshown, i.e. out of p-side)
What is Vout?
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
WHEATSTONE BRIDGE AND DIFFERENTIAL AMPVs
R1 R3
R2 R4Vo+
Rsb
Rst
Vo- Vo1-
+
Rin
Rf
-
+
-
+
RfRin
1. The R1=R2=R3=R4 make a Wheatstone bridge and are sensor resistorsthat will change in response to pressure.
2. Vo+ and Vo- should be equal to each other and ~Vs/2 with no pressure.
+V+V
+V
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Microelectronic Engineering
SUMMARY
Low voltage Op Amps are often used with a single supply.
Some circuits work just fine with single supply such as thecomparator.
Other circuits use a virtual ground typically of the supply voltage.
Since signal generators and oscilloscopes are referenced to earthground. Op Amp circuits need to consider this if powered by asingle supply referenced to earth ground. In that case earth groundand virtual ground are at different voltages.
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
REFERENCES
1. Using Single Supply Operational Amplifiers from Microchip2. Designing Single Supply, Low-Power Systems from Analog
Devices3. Designing Circuits for Single Supply Operation from Linear
Technology4. Single Supply Design from TI5. Design Trade-Offs for Single-Supply Op Amps from Maxium
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Rochester Insti tute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
HOMEWORK SINGLE SUPPLY OP AMP CKTS
1. Pick one of the example circuits above and do SPICE analysis.2. More