Simple molecules

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Simple molecules <1nm IBM PowerPC 750 TM Microprocessor 7.56mm×8.799mm 6.35×10 6 transistors emiconductor anocrystal (CdSe) nm 10 -10 10 -5 10 -9 10 -7 10 -6 10 -8 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 m Circuit design Copper wiring width 0.2m red blood cell ~5 m (SEM) DNA proteins nm bacteria 1 m Nanometer memory element (Lieber) 10 12 bits/cm 2 (1Tbit/cm 2 ) Dimensions in Silicon and in Biology SOI transistor width 0.12m control biological machines diatom 30 m

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Transcript of Simple molecules

Page 1: Simple molecules

Simple molecules<1nm

IBM PowerPC 750TM Microprocessor

7.56mm×8.799mm6.35×106 transistors

semiconductor nanocrystal (CdSe)5nm

10-10 10-510-9 10-7 10-610-8 10-4 10-3 10-2

m

Circuit designCopper wiringwidth 0.2m

red blood cell~5 m (SEM)DNA

proteins nm

bacteria1 m

Nanometer memory element(Lieber)1012 bits/cm2 (1Tbit/cm2)

Dimensions in Silicon and in Biology

SOI transistorwidth 0.12m

control biological machines

diatom30 m

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Controlling Biology

Goals:• Control biological activity

– external – reversible– on molecular scale (selective)– direct– in vitro/ in vivo– universal

M. Hoppert et al, American Scientist, 2001

Inside E.Coli

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Interfacing to biology

• metal nanocrystal as antennas– inductively heat the nanocrystal to heat biomolecule– induce conformational change

• Universality:– Biomolecules denature with heat– Structure: function correlation

RFMF

Au nanocrystal

“1” “0”

active site

biomolecule

Page 4: Simple molecules

Induction Heating

• Alternating magnetic field induces alternating eddy currents in metal samples

• For nm particles:– f=1GHz (radiofrequency 109/s): – Radiofrequency magnetic field: RFMF

Inductively heat solution of gold nanocrystals

Ameritherm, Inc.

Induced currentin metal

Metal piece

alternating current ifrequency f

Magnetic field

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Controlled systems

DNA double stranded DNA single stranded

Protein assembled:active

Protein disassembledinto subunits: inactive

+

Molecular Machines groupHamad-Schifferli, et alNature 415 152-155 (2002)

Zhang groupShi, et al

Page 6: Simple molecules

Biomolecular Machines

• Manufacturing and assembly: Polymerases, ligases, synthetases, ribosomes, ATP synthase, RNA ribozymes, telomerases,

• Breakdown:Proteases, nucleases, hydrolases, glycosidases, protesome, ATPases, ribozymes, DNAzymes.

• Conversion: Isomerases, dehydrogenases, protein kinases, phosphatases, transposases, oxidases, reductases, splicesome, chaperonin, transferases, deaminases.

• Transport:Hemoglobin, ion and amino acid transport proteins, nuclear receptors.

• Signal transmission:G-proteins, membrane ion channels, NMDA and other neurotransmitter receptors.

• Structural Organization:Histones/nucleosomes, collagens, keratins, actin, tubulin filaments, neurofilaments, dentin and other matrix proteins.

• Binding receptors:Antibodies, repressors, activators and other ion binding proteins.

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Control of expression: antisense

no protein

protein

antisense strand (DNA 15-20mer)

ribosome

mRNA

AUG

DNA RNA proteintranscription translation

polymerase ribosome

RFMF

+

antisense strandwith Au

protein

protein no protein

AUG

AUG

Page 8: Simple molecules

Antisense in cells

1.) Transfection: ElectroporateChemically inducedpeptide mediated

2.) RFMF

3.) detection: GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein)

RFMF

antisense GFP

Protein expressed

Protein not expressed

Protein expressed


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