s

Industrial Solutions and Services

SIMINECIS MILL GD

Completely Integrated Solutions for the Mining Industry

Set new standards for productivity

Your Success is Our Goal

Technical Highlights:

Basic Automation and Process Control

Closed Loop Control

Inching and Creeping

Frozen Charge Protection

Frozen Charge Shaker

Short-Circuit-Proof Cycloconverters

Stiffness and Vibration Analysis

Control Principle

Filter / Compensation

Contents

SIMINECIS MILL GD – Operations

SIMINECIS MILL GD – Start up and Modernization

Basic Automations – Benefits of SIMINECIS MILL GD

The Gearless Concept

The Control Principle

Examples

SIMINECIS MILL GD Gearless Drives from Siemens

The fast track to optimized productivity.

4

Improve your position ...

Thanks to our more than 25 years experience in the design,planning and building of reliable Gearless Drives for mining operations, you can count on us to help you improve your position. In this time we have installed more than 20 mills with a total of 230,000 kW installed power, and provided more than 20 solutions for optimal productivity, proven by over 160 machine years of successful operation time with morethan 99%* Drive availability. This means minimum downtimethroughout the entire mining operation. By continually applyinginnovations and new ideas we ensure that our Gearless Driveswill provide even higher availability and be more productive andmore economical in the future.

With Siemens’ Gearless Drives you gain the advantage over thecompetition and offer a variety of proven as well as new featu-res: Improved inching and creeping for precise positioning, HMIsolutions, short-circuit-proof cycloconverters – be sure to put allthese advantages to work for you in your operation.

In the pole position. What you can expect fromSIMINECIS MILL GD. SIMINECIS MILL GD offers key economic advantages. The productivityof your mill will be significantly increased not only because youwill have eliminated problems with gears or pinions, but alsobecause the Gearless Drive has the lowest power consumption of all variable-speed mills. SIMINECIS MILL GD also offer excellentelectrical availability as well as overall mill availability. As theLiner change has been made easier and faster through simplerhandling and high-precision positioning, the result is reducedtime for maintenance of the mill. With SIMINECIS MILL GD thesesaved hours translate directly into true productivity increase.

Backed by many years of experience as a supplier, Siemens notonly offers you the best products for your mining operations butalso ensures comprehensive service. Service personnel speciallytrained in Gearless Drive technology are available in all majormining countries. Siemens also offers a selection of service con-tracts, ranging from on-call service to regular maintenance andperformance-based maintenance.Siemens professional project management, which achieves maxi-mum coordination between all those involved in the project,ensures that your plant is on the right track from the projectplanning phase onwards. And you can still enjoy all the flexibility you need, because Siemens always tailors its contractual agreements to the specificneeds of its clients.

* Calculated from recordings of our customers

3

The Gearless Concept. The Gearless Drive avoids any contact between the rotating mill and the static parts of the motor. This enables a continuous workflow without maintenance on the gears orthe pinions. What used to be downtime is now productive time.

Vibration-free, low weight, short-circuit proof design with high stiffness. Designing highly complex capital goods such as a Gearless Drive means starting with a perfect concept. Especially formotors, Siemens offers a minimum-weight, short-circuit-proof design featuring maximum stiffness.This is why the resonance frequency of the motor is considerably higher than the operating frequencies.

Reliability and availability. The extreme high reliability and availability of Siemens SIMINECIS MILLGD is based on mature technology which we continually update with new, proven features.Cycloconverters, for example, are just one of the reasons why Siemens solutions excel. Their decisiveadvantage over other products on the market? They are fuseless and short-circuit-proof. And thanksto innovative software solutions, short power breaks can be bridged without interrupting operationof the SIMINECIS MILL GD.

. . . and our solutions. New features that offer new capabilities - Siemens solutions

not only precisely meet all operational demands, but even

exceed them:

Your needs . . .Gearless Drives have to function extremely efficiently

during operations. That is the only way to ensure a fast

return on your investment. This places a number of

demands on the Drive:

• No gear, no pinion

• Operational reliability

• High productivity

21

Put yourself in a very good position.

Operations

4

SIMINECIS MILL GD Gearless Drives at work

Full speed aheadfor your investment.

Optimized electrical efficiency. Siemens optimizes the electrical efficiency of each project. Becausewe take into account both the energy costs of the customer as well as any potential costs for increa-sing electrical efficiency, you can always count on optimum efficiency that matches your exact needs.

Longer service intervals thanks to low-wear Drive processes. The SIMINECIS MILL GD’s rpms can beadapted to your operations at any time, and are infinitely variable and uncomplicated. Whethermanually or fully automatic - rpms can be adjusted to the properties of the ore, resulting in signifi-cantly less wear to the mill lining. The mill’s direction of rotation can be changed simply with a switch,so that the wear on the liner is distributed equally from both sides.

Shorter maintenance time for mills. Simple control of the Inching and Creeping modes lets youquickly set up mill maintenance procedures without endangering the safety of the staff. When theSIMINECIS MILL GD is in inching mode, one rotation of the mill is all you need. The mill will achieve theexact angle that was preset by the operator, and it is not necessary to repeat the procedure. At theend of the inching operation, the SIMINECIS MILL GD stops the mill with balanced charge, and with notime-wasting oscillations. During creeping mode with 0.3 rpm the operator can directly control themill whilst observing the mill and the material. Whether inching or creeping, you can drastically shor-ten maintenance times on the mill, and thereby significantly boost availability and mill productivity.

On-line monitoring. Find out instantly how the mill and Gearless Drives are operating. Monitor operations from any plant office, maintenance office, management office, the Siemens office, orfrom any connection that allows on-line Ethernet communication.Fault analysis. Our reliable diagnostic system including transparent fault documentation using theWin CC Visualization System, as well as a high-speed data recorder which displays all proceduresinvolving electrical variables for quick and efficient fault analysis.Maintenance by Siemens. Siemens has service engineers in the major mining countries who aretrained in Gearless Drive technology. Siemens offers maintenance contracts tailored to your specifica-tions. The main types of contracts are preventive maintenance with on-call service and performance-based maintenance contracts.Teleservice. The user’s local maintenance personnel or Siemens’ maintenance personnel are assistedby the experts at the factory via remote diagnostics on-line Ethernet communication, recommendation-based troubleshooting, direct fault diagnostics as well as downloading and installing software whilethe machine is operating.

• Lower energy costs

• Lower operating costs, high productivity

• Minimized downtime

• Comprehensive Service

1%

5

Your needs ... Building a functioning and efficient mining operation is an

extremely complex and multi-layered project. To ensure

your business success in the face of increasing competitive

pressure, your entire plant must be well thought-out

and implemented. These are some of the most important

requirements:

... and our solutions.Whether you’re building a new plant or expanding or updating

an existing one, Siemens’ mining solutions ensure that your

project will always be a success. Tried and tested around the

world, our solutions use innovative features to fulfill a variety

of different demands. These include:

Timescale

Mile-stones

Siemens OwnersConsultant

Mill Supplier

Motor Design FoundationDesign

Mill Design

8weeks

BasicDesignReview

ModellingStator

FoundationDrawingData

Modelling Mill,Bearings

Foundation

StiffnessO.K.

Natural frequencyO.K.

Design ModellingInteractionStator Foundation

No

System AnalysisMill, Motor,Foundation

Yes

O.K.Detailed

EngineeringRelease

No

Yes

Fig.1: Mill motor foundation Engineering coordination

6

SIMINECIS MILL GD Gearless Drives customized

Tailor-made concepts.

Take a position.

• Very little space required

• Suitable foundation and adequate ground conditions

• Open-air installation

• Optimal project development

• Clearly defined interfaces

Optimized design. Whether SAG or Ball Mill, space is a sensitive subject, especially in the con-centrator. That’s why we always design our SIMINECIS MILL Gearless Drives to combine maximumperformance with limited space requirements.

Low motor weight. Since our solutions have a low motor weight, this noticeably reduces thedemands on the foundation and ground conditions. The layout needed for the buildings and theinstallation cranes is therefore simpler than that required by others.

Outdoor Design. The outdoor version of the SIMINECIS MILL GD has been in operation successful-ly since 1998. The design of the outdoor version takes into account the tough ambient condi-tions as well as the absorption of solar radiation. The sealing system of the SIMINECIS MILL GD isan innovative design incorporating extremely low maintenance with ingress protection rated atIP55, complemented by a purpose-built rain shield. The outdoor version of the SIMINECIS MILL GDallows omitting the concentrator building, a considerable saving of investment capital.

Project management. In order to achieve the optimum project development, the milestones ofthe client’s project schedule, perfect coordination with other suppliers of equipment and servi-ces, the minimum start-up time, rapid attainment of production, maximum uptime and the spe-cific quality objectives, special attention is paid to the Siemens Project Management. Siemensdesignates an experienced engineer as the Project Manager, who is the contact for the customerand therefore the focal point of Siemens’ resources necessary for the project. The key responsibi-lity of the Project Management is to lead and coordinate Siemens’ project activities throughoutthe project in accordance with the client’s schedule. A main factor in meeting these objectives istransparency for the client and the active involvement of the customer’s personnel.

Engineering Coordination. The Project Manager is also responsible for ensuring that all activi-ties are properly coordinated with the activities of others involved in the project, e.g. mill sup-plier, civil engineer, installation contractor and the client’s consultant engineer. All interfaces toothers are defined and clarified in a very early stage of theproject and documented in drawings for approval for the client. The clarification of the mill-motor interface is a multifaceted task, a procedure which has been repeated successfully manytimes in the past.Siemens Industrial Division and our sub-suppliers have earned the Quality Systems Certificate forthe Standard ISO 9000 and have implemented the quality systems according to ISO 9001.

7

Electrical equipment and automation of a Drive system

At the heart of every grinding section are the larger grinding mills.The stringent demands for high throughput, highest availability,optimized grinding circuits and power consumption optimizationrequire high-performance electrical equipment in addition to the technological and mechanical prerequisites. Besides the con-ventional equipment, which consists essentially of the energysupply and power section of the Gearless Drive and the associatedauxiliaries, increasing importance is being attached to plantautomation and diagnostic systems.

Short-circuit-proof cycloconverter

The synchronous machine is fed by a cycloconverter. This cyclocon-verter (CCV) transforms the three-phase system of the line withfixed frequency and voltage. The output voltage of the converterconsists of parts of the line voltage which, when arranged inseries, produce a sinus curve. The maximum output frequencyattained with a standard 6-pulse cycloconverter (CCV) with natu-ral communication amounts to approximately 50% of the linefrequency.A number of measures taken in the closed-loop control systemmakes it possible to use a cycloconverter (CCV) of this simpleconfiguration and yet achieve an excellent torque variation withnegligible harmonics. The harmonics produced in the torque are significantly below 2%. This satisfies the requirements of allgrinding motors. The reversible converters are operated withoutcirculating current, thus leading to a relatively simple design ofthe power selection and low reactive-power demand. Siemens’cycloconverter is fuseless and short-circuit-proof. Its thyristorsare designed to disconnect the short-circuit. Your benefit: Shouldthis type of failure occur, your maintenance personnel does notlose time changing fuses.

Operational reliability.

Secure your position.

Fig. 2 “FEM-Model Stator”

8

SIMINECIS MILL GD

The direct path tomore productivity.

Short-circuit-proof motors

As it is not possible to completely avoid short circuits in electricalsystems, all electrical standards require that electrical equipmentbe resistant to the high forces resulting from short-circuit currents.The SIMINECIS MILL Gearless Drive has proven its resistance toshort-circuit forces in several events. High absorbability and dam-ping attributes are required to resist abnormal operation conditionssuch as those which result from short-circuit forces.Those characteristics are achieved through activities in two fields:

• Electrical damping results from parallel connection of coils in the stator windings. The unbalanced magnetic pull, which causes vertically and primarily horizontal forces on the statorfixation and on the mill body, is damped by equalizing currentsin the stator winding. To engender equalizing currents, the stator winding consists of several parallel paths by means of amulti-turn coil winding. Each slot is equipped with 16 conduc-tors, eight of them connected in parallel. Single turn coil win-dings (bar windings) are normally connected in series, henceequalizing currents are not possible.

• Mechanical absorbability results from the design of the statorstructure and from the material selected. The especially desi-gned stator structure and its weight reduce the transfer ofshort-circuit forces to the foundation. A massive and inflexiblestator block of high weight would transfer the short-circuit force directly to the foundation with high stresses on the statorfixation and on the foundation itself.

The motor of the Gearless Drive provides the optimum solutionbetween damping attributes and high stiffness. High stiffnesstogether with low weight is required for high resonance frequen-cies in order to prevent vibrations.

Stiffness and Vibration Analysis

Every mechanical system must undergo stiffness and vibrationanalysis. For the Gearless Drive system, this verification is morecomplex because the rotor is an integral part of the mill body andthe motor has no bearings of its own. These calculations have to take into account the complete system, consisting of motor,mill and foundation, and therefore must be conducted jointlybetween mill supplier, motor manufacturer and a civil foundationengineer in order to ensure an optimized system. In design and examination, Siemens applies the highly sophisti-cated FEM Model, which considers the mechanical relations aswell as nonlinear electrical equations and deflection as a functionof location, without blowing the safety factors out of all propor-tion. The highly sophisticated FEM Model was developed basedon experience with the Cadia Ringmotor. In the design of large structures, such as the stator of a GearlessDrive, high stiffness is required in order to increase the values ofresonance frequencies and resonance modes.

There are therefore many reasons why low weight is advantageous:

• For installation, because cranes must move the stator segments• For concentrator building design, because the overhead

traveling crane must be supported by the building structure • For foundation design, because it reduces foundation costs. • To increase resonance frequencies, because the value of reso-

nance frequency is reciprocal to the weight. Instead of a heavyweight solid structure, Siemens has equippedthe stator structure with attributes which are designed to attenu-ate extreme forces caused by possible short circuits. Siemens’ highly sophisticated FEM Model allows you to find theoptimum design for Gearless Drive Motors with the highest stiffness and lowest possible weight.

9

Clear-cut position.The benefits of Gearless Drives.

Inching

Inching is fast and ends with balanced charge of the mill, with nosubsequent oscillations. The maintenance operator at the local control panel selects therequired angle. The SIMINECIS MILL GD accelerates the mill to 1 rpm.While the mill is starting, the turning angle with the maximumrequired torque (when the charge starts to cascade) is storedtogether with the measured torque value itself. Using these valuesthe closed loop control automatically calculates the angle which is required to balance the mill during the stop procedure. TheSIMINECIS MILL GD turns the mill to the requested angle indicatedon the local control panel, and it overturns it by that calculatedangle which is required to balance the mill. Then it automaticallychanges the direction of rotation and turns the mill back to therequested angle, stopping with balanced charge. The brake appliesautomatically. No waiting time occurs, nor is any additional operation necessaryto balance the charge of the mill. Maintenance personnel can safelyenter the mill on an even surface without risk of moving material.

SIMINECIS MILL GDTechnical features

Inching, creeping,succeeding.

Technological controlEasy operation

A simple control panel based on a highly sophisticated systemhelps the operator handle the mill by simply pressing a few buttons, thereby facilitating operation and reducing maintenanceof the mill. Normal operation is implemented from the local control panel or remotely from the central control room. Eachnormal stop ends with balanced charge of the mill, preventingany subsequent oscillation of the mill. Change of rotation direc-tion is initiated by turning a switch during standstill. Inchingwith a speed of about 1 rpm is operated from the local controlpanel. Creeping with a speed of about 0.3 rpm is handled with a portable creeping panel.

Inching procedureFig.3

10

Creeping

Creeping at 0.3 rpm is useful for slow movements, which the maintenance operator can observe directly, in order to trim the millprecisely to certain positions. The portable creeping panel allowsoperating the mill, e.g., standing at the feed side and looking insidethe mill (with chute removed). This enables the operator to turnthe mill exactly into a position where the requested liner just leavesthe material.

With the portable creeping panel, the operator can move freelyaround the mill, and is able to observe the mill from different places. Pushing the “Run” button on the creeping panel starts themotor turning the mill slowly with 0.3 rpm in the direction selectedon the local control panel. The SIMINECIS MILL GD lifts the charge. The operator most likely will wait until the charge cascades. Whenthe operator wants to stop the mill, he releases the pushbutton,and the SIMINECIS MILL GD holds the load, applies the brake and thecharge remains in unbalanced position. From this unbalanced posi-tion the operator can continue turning the mill by pushing the“Run” button. The SIMINE MILL GD now starts the mill directly fromthis unbalanced position. This mode allows inspection of differentpoints on the mill shell or inside the mill quickly one after the otherwithout the need to balance the mill in between. The operator caneven change the direction of rotation at the local control panel andlet the mill turn in the other direction

Balancing

If it is required to balance the mill out of any position, the operatorcan simply switch over to balancing mode and start the mill. Thisenergizes the Gearless Drive to balance the mill without any oscilla-tions to allow immediate and safe access for the maintenance crew The procedures of Inching and Creeping and their easy handlingconsiderably reduce downtime for mill maintenance, and increase

mill availability and productivity. These goals can be achieved by using our high-precision tachometer,which has a resolution of 3 mm.

Frozen Charge Protection

A “frozen” or “baked” charge is capable of destroying the mill body and bearings if it drops from the top of the mill after a 180°revolution. This can cause extended downtimes and considerableproduction losses. This specific problem of wet grinding mills wasdiscussed between our customers and our systems experts. Thedetailed knowledge of the technological problem together withthe capabilities of the TRANSVEKTOR® closed loop control enabledSiemens to develop a “Frozen charge protection”®. In normal opera-tion the charge starts sliding after the mill reaches a certain angleof between 40° and 70° and the load torque decreases. This decre-ase in torque is monitored and used by the “Frozen charge protection”to stop the mill before a dropping frozen charge damages the mill.

Frozen Charge Shaker

Stopping the mill in case of a frozen charge prevents the damagesof the mill but does not completely solve the problem. After stop-ping the mill, the charge keeps in “frozen” condition and must bebroken up with mechanical means and water. The correspondingefforts need their time and cause loss of production. The SIMINECIS MILL Gearless Drive provides a “Frozen Charge Shaker”,which breaks up the frozen charge and unglues it from the millbody. The Frozen Charge Shaker™ lifts the charge to a risk lessangle, and moves the mill in a harmless range with varying speedand acceleration. Angle and movement are designed to break thefrozen charge and remove it from the mill body. This feature ispatented in all mining countries.

11

Fig. 5

Fig. 4

SIMINECIS MILL GDOptimized processes

Definitely more productive.

12

Proven technologies.

Remaining true to their position.

Control principle

The substantial demands on the operating performance of MillDrives require a powerful control system. Excellent performancecharacteristics can be obtained by applying the TRANSVEKTOR®control. The control principle (Fig. 4) is based on orienting thephase angle of the stator current in accordance with the angle ofthe effective flux. To calculate flux conditions, the motor is simu-lated by two mutually supplementary models, thereby permittingthe machine currents to be injected optimally any time over thewhole speed and load ranges. This means that the synchronousmachine, as seen from the speed control system, behaves like aDC machine.The TRANSVEKTOR® control used on high-power Mill Drives has gone through a long development phase with considerableexperience gained during the last 33 years. The first Gearless Drive has been operated successfully with this control for morethan 30 years. A phase of continuous improvement and furtherdevelopment followed the initial introduction.Today, the TRANSVEKTOR® control is entirely digital, resulting ina relatively small number of different hardware modules, absolutereproducibility of settings and substantially improved diagnosticsfor easy troubleshooting.

Filter and Compensation

The need for filter and/or compensation equipment is not a givenissue for a Gearless Drive system. A harmonic study individuallydetermines whether the particular plant configuration and net-work needs harmonic filtering or not. As the Drive concept is a12-pulse system, only the 11th and the 12th harmonics withtheir related sidebands have to be looked at. Harmonics withhigher harmonic order exist, but their magnitude is negligible.The starting point is to develop a complete plant single line withall users and their respective loads and to get complete informa-tion about the network. This together with the given restrictionseither from the relevant code or from the responsible powercompany allows a harmonic study to be performed. The resultsof the study determine the need for filtering. If filtering is neces-sary, the compensation of the power factory is taken intoaccount. Fig. 5 shows a typical recording of filter / compensationequipment in operation.

13

CASE 1 (1979)The first Gearless Drive for the ore industry worldwide

Gearless Drives for a ball mill iron or grinding circuit.Fig. 6 shows the Gearless Drive for a ball mill rated 8100 kW at13.1 rpm at A/S Sydvaranger in Norway, which was commissio-ned in 1979. The task was to replace a 240t mill and a Drivepower of 1100 kW with a 1000 t mill and 8200 kW ratedpower. However the new mill had to be positioned on the samelimited floor space, where the smaller mill had operated before.Speed control was designed for 25% downwards from ratedspeed at constant torque and 5% upwards at constant power.All requirements could be met.

CASE 2 (1990)First partially locally manufactured Gearless Drive worldwide

Gearless Drive for an autogenous mill gold ore grinding circuit, commissioned in 1990.Fig. 7 shows the Gearless Drive for an autogenous mill rated4000 kW at 15.9 rpm operated by Goldfields in South Africa.More than 50% of the equipment involved was engineered andmanufactured locally. The decision to install a Gearless Drivesystem with this power rating was based on evaluation of allrelevant factors such as initial cost, building cost, operation cost,maintenance cost and energy savings. For an evaluation periodof approx.10 years the Gearless Drive was found to be an eco-nomical solution.

CASE 3 (1988)First Gearless Drive for a SAG mill worldwide

Gearless Drive for a SAG mill copper ore grinding circuit,commissioned in 1988.Fig. 8 shows one of the two Gearless Drives for the SAG millsrated 8200 kW each at 10.2 rpm at Chuquicamata, Chile. For thefirst time, a cycloconverter (CCV) Drive system designed withfuseless water-cooled and short-circuit-proofed thyristor equip-ment as well as a containerized electric package (E-house)instead of a standard electrical room was used. This solutionoffered wide-ranging advantages: From pre-commissioning and testing of all subsystems under controlled factory conditionsup to the reduction of installation time since only external connections have to be made on site.

CASE 4 (1997)First revamp after 20 years

Revamp of a Gearless Drive for a cement mill.In 1970, the first Gearless Drive was installed for a cement mill (rated 4900 kW) in Rohrdorf, Germany. After more than 20 years of successful operation, it was decided to revamp the power electronics and controls to simplify operation andmaintenance (Fig. 9). The Gearless Motor itself went through a mechanical revision and was found to be in excellent con-dition, so we anticipate the gearless motor will perform wellfor another life cycle of the power electronics and controls.

Fig. 6 Fig. 7

SIMINECIS MILL GD Examples

Solutions that speak for themselves.

14

Successfully positioned.

CASE 5 (1995)First Gearless Drive designed to transportation limits

Gearless Drive for a SAG mill copper or grinding circuit, commissioned in 1995.The Gearless Drives were supplied for a 34-ft. SAG mill rated10.600 kW at 10.6 rpm with a continuous service factor of 1.05at Freeport in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. The design for this projectnot only required fulfillment of the technical specification, butalso needed to take into account all restrictions in size andweight due to the limitations of tunnels, bridges, cranes andtrailers. Fig.10 is an example of one of the design restrictions.

CASE 6 (1998)First Gearless Drive for a 40-ft. SAG mill

Special innovations for a Gearless Drive, commissioned in 1998.The first Gearless Drive for a 40-ft. SAG mill was installed at theCadia Gold Plant of Newcrest Mining in Australia. The Drive pro-vides a nominal power of 20,000 kW to the mill shell. The designof the huge motor was a real challenge and showed the limitsof the Finite Element Method Model used up until that time,which did not accurately predict the actually occurring vibrationsand deflections. The challenge was to develop a new model,which would simulate such a large structure, without blowingthe safety factors out of proportion. Siemens developed thisnew FEM model in close cooperation with an Australian consul-tant and German universities, taking into account nonlinearelectrical physics in addition to the mechanical relations used atthat time.The Gearless Drive of Cadia’s 40-ft. SAG mill has been runningsince 1999 at optimum availability to the complete satisfactionof the user. Today Siemens applies the highly sophisticated FEMmodel to the design of Gearless Drives for mills up to 42 and 44ft. in diameter. The Cadia Gearless Drive is shown in Fig.11.

Your project is in good company.

Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig.10 Fig.11

15

Siemens AG

©Siemens AG 2006. All Rights Reserved

SIMINECIS MILL GD is a trademark of Siemens AG

CIS = Completely Integrated Solutions

Order No.: E10001-P11-A7-V3-7600

Printed in Germany

Dispo No.: 21662 K No.: 28400

GB C-IPMT5206M11 PA 06061.5

Subject to change without prior notice

For further information, please contact:

Siemens AGIndustrial Solutions and ServicesMining TechnologiesSchuhstrasse 6091052 Erlangen, GermanyE-Mail: mining@siemens.comwww.siemens.com/mining

The information provided in this brochure contains merely general descriptions or characteristics of performance which in case of actual use do not

always apply as described or which may change as a result of further development of the products. An

obligation to provide the respective characteristics shallonly exist if expressly agreed in the terms of contract.