SILVOPASTURE SYSTEM

IN STATE FOREST SYSTEM TOWARD

INCREASING COMMUNITY WELFARE

Research Collaboration

between Gadjah Mada University and Kyushu University

Research Team :

Wahyu Tri Widayanti

San Afri Awang,

Dhonawan Sepsiaji

Ratih Madya Septiana, Takahiro Fujiwara

Noriko Sato

Forest village communities has a very strong

dependence on the existence of forest

resources

Community forest resources use for income

sources, such as : for agriculture,

construction timber, fuel wood and forage

fodder

Lack of land ownership for agriculture

activities

Besides farming, rural community relies on

the livestock sector as well as family income.

BACKGROUND

General objectives

to synergize livestock

management with forage

fodder capacity produced

from the forest resources .

Specific objectives :

1. To describe characteristics of livestock management by rural community

2. To understand perception and motivation of rural community related to livestock management

3. Potential livestock and forage fodder in the forest

4. Contribution income from livestock activity

5. Strategies for development of livestock management in the village of forest

METHODS

1. Case study method

collecting data :

observation, depth

interviews and

documentation

Determination of

informants : purposive

method and snowball

characteristics,

perceptions and

motivation

2. Survey method

collecting data :

stratified sampling

with purposive

sampling

respondents : 100

people in each village

income, potential,

carrying capacity

Study Sites :

1. Gunung Kidul Regency

Kedungkeris Village : a village bordering the state forest and privately owned forest

2. Pemalang Regency 3 Villages : Surajaya, Glandang and Peguyangan : the villages located close by state forest area.

Jakarta

Yogyakarta

KPH Pemalang

150km

290km

Source: Google Earth

Java Island

Gunung Kidul

30km

RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH

The kinds of cattle raising by community such

as : goats (Capra hircus, Capra aegagrus),

sheep (Ovis aries), cow (Bos taurus) and

buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

Livestock Management : household scale where

the livestock belong to family and shared

livestock

The Objective of Management : Breeding,

Feedlot and work labor (to plow the rice field )

Forages supplying :

a) To look for forages at the privately owned land (wet rice field, dry land, homegarden, privately owned forest), “lahan kas desa” (Government) and state forest.

b) Pasture is carried out not permanently in the state forest as well as in privately owned land.

Livestock Housing System

Individual at

homegarden

In the back houses

goats, sheeps, cows.

Livestock housing system for buffaloes.

Livestock housing is built in “common village lands) or privately owned land.

An agreement built by livestock owner related to save livestock.

Perception and Motivation of Livestock

Management

Maintaining livestock for producing organic

fertilizer, and family saving.

If people get more income from agriculture

crops, they will buy couple of cattles and

maintained

Those cattle will be sold for family needs

in particular time

Potential of Livestock

No Livestocks Number of livestock

Kedungkeris Surajaya Glandang Peguyangan

1 Cow 385 7 5 8

2 Goat 416 1.413 525 537

3 Sheep 11 20 - 6

4 Buffalo - 654 1 696

Potential of Livestock in the Village of Forest

No Livestock

Potential of livestock (Animal Unit)

Kedungkeris Surajaya Glandang Peguyangan

Total of

Animal

Unit/Species

1 Cow 307,15 6,60 4,60 7,60 325,95

2 Goats 45,92 161,56 58,48 58,16 324,12

3 Sheep 1,26 1,60 - 0,76 3,62

4 Buffalo - 567,38 0,29 569,62 1.137,29

Total of Animal

Unit/Village 354,33 737,14 63,37 635,84 1.790,68

• The greatest potential of livestock in the village of Surajaya

• The greatest potential of livestock is buffalos

Potential of Forage Fodder (FF) in the Village

No Source of

FF

Production of Forages (Fresh Weight,Ton/Year)

Kedungkeris Surajaya Glandang Peguyangan

Area

(Ha)

FF Area

(Ha)

FF Area

(Ha)

FF Area

(Ha)

FF

1 State Forest 165,32 9.206,36 810,55 111,52 300,00 264,77 265 1.411,71

2 Private Land 76 391,39 498,3 2.192,40 149,5 1.411,71 163,91 68,78

4 Common

viilage

land - -

43,20 16,20 6 65,40 16,08 858,67

Total 241,32 9.597,75 1.352,05 127,72 455,50 1.741,88 265 2.339,16

• Peguyangan and Kedungkeris Village the main source of

forage fodder derived from state forest

• Surajaya and Glandang Village the main source of forage

fodder derived from prived land

Carrying Capacity for Livestock Maintenance

Based on Potency of The Available Forages

No Villages Carrying

Capacity (CC)

Population of

Livestock (AU)

Utilized

Precentage (%)

1 Kedungkeris 144.968,61 354,33 0,24

2 Surajaya 146.589,45 737,14 0,50

3 Glandang 109.320,45 63,37 0,06

4 Peguyangan 1.964.801,78 635,84 0,03

• Utilization of Carrying Capacity for cattle is verry low.

• Development for the management of livestock is still wide open.

Average Income and Family Income contribution

No Sources of Income

Average Income of Farmer (IDR/year/Households)

Kedungkeris Surajaya Glandang Peguyangan

IDR % IDR % IDR % IDR %

1 Livestock 2,988,350 19.62 1,063,025 16.17 1,234,900 17.17 557,510 6.16

2 Agriculture 6,812,030 44.73 2,129,263 32.39 1,557,546 21.66 5,764,106 63.72

3 Agriculture Labour 351,100 2.31 537,100 8.17 909,800 12.65 852,250 9.42

4 Non Farm Labor 937,150 6.15 755,500 11.49 1,518,550 21.12 598,000 6.61

5 Trade 2,366,410 15.54 1,077,000 16.39 1,281,500 17.82 695,500 7.69

6 Private Employees 981,000 6.44 54,000 0.82 24,000 0.33 1,560 0.02

7 Family members 793,000 5.21 400,500 6.09 496,300 6.9 372,130 4.11

8 Others 1,000 0.01 556,500 8.47 168,000 2.34 205,250 2.27

Income/year/HH (IDR) 15,230,040 100 6,572,888 100 7,190,596 100 9,046,306 100

Strategies for Livestock Management

Development

Developing village breeding center for Buffalo in Surajaya and Peguyangan villages

Developing cattle pilot project to sinergize cattle breeding activity and supply the forage fodder from forest

Developing community institution to support cattle development program iniciated by community and government

Developing capital and cooperative collaboration with other stakeholder

Developing supporting program for extension, training, and comparative study

Reference

Blakely , J dan David H. Bade. 1998. Ilmu Peternakan edisi ke-empat. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.

Bertents, K., 1987. Sigmund Freud Memperkenalkan Psikoanalisa. Gramedia. Jakarta.

Chantalakhana, C. 1982. Breeding Improvement of Swamp Buffalo for Small Farms. FFTC series No. 15. Taipe

Cockrill, W. R. 1974. The Working Buffalo. Dalam W. R. Cockrill (ed). The Husbandary and Health of Domestic Buffalo. Food and Agriculture. Organization of The United Station, Rome.

Ihromi, T.O. 1990. Pokok-Pokok Antropologi Budaya. Gramedia. Jakarta.

Lasley, J. F. 1981. Beef Cattle Production. Prientice hall. Inc. Englewood Cliffs. New Yersey

Lubis, D. A. 1992. Ilmu Makanan Ternak. PT. Pembangunan. Jakarta.

Nugroho, C. P. 2008. Agribisnis Ternak Ruminansia Jilid 2. Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Jakarta

Planck, U, 1993. Sosiologi Pertanian. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta.

Reksohadiprodjo, S. 1994. Produksi Tanaman Hijauan Makanan Ternak Tropik. BPFE. Yogyakarta.

Setyati. 1991. Pengantar Agronomi. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.

Susetyo, S. 1980. Padang Penggembalaan Agrostologi. Departemen Ilmu Makanan Ternak IPB Bogor. Bogor

Williamson, G dan W. J. A Payne. 1993. Pengantar Peternakan di Daerah Tropis. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta

TRIMAKASIH