Signal Transduction
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Transcript of Signal Transduction
Signal Transduction
• Channels• Enzyme-linked receptors
– Receptor tyrosine kinases– Tyrosine kinase associated receptors– Receptor tyrosine phosphatases– Transmembrane receptor S/T kinases– Transmembrane guanyl cyclase
• G-proteins
Channels
• Voltage-gated
• Ligand-gated
• Mechanosensitive
Allosteric effectors of protein structure/function
Mechanosensitive channels
• MscS
Conserved channel architecture
How does it work?
Tyrosine kinases
Insulin-mediated cascade
Small protein modules as signal adaptors
SH2 and SH3 motifs
SH3 domain binding
The multi-domain structure of enzymes
What happens to this enzyme when SH3 finds a partner?
Notice the change in the linker…
G-proteins
Nucleotide hydrolysis as a timing mechanism
Metals can be essential
Conformational changes drive cycling between GTP-GDP bound states
Inferring mechanism from structure
Catalytic mechanism
G binds to G
G is has a propellar structure
This interaction is regulated by other proteins
One result of signal transduction
Protein kinase A activation