SIAA-marquez [Modo de compatibilidad] · Isabel Márquez Extragalactic Astronomy Instituto de...

Isabel MárquezIsabel MárquezExtragalactic Astronomy

Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía‐[email protected]

She is as astronomer London 22-23 April 2010

Astronomy in Spain:y pBefore the XX century:

Hispanic‐muslim period(s. XI‐XIII)From the king Alfonso X (s. XIII‐ XVII)Navigation:

1753: Real Observatorio de Cádiz (Real Instituto 753 (y Observatorio de la Armada de S. Fernando)

1790:Observatorio Astronómico Nacional

From the XX century on:

Observatorio de Cartuja (1902)Observatorio del Ebro (1904)P f hi t th i iti b tProfessorships at the universities about 1950:

Position astronomyCreation of new small observatories


Creation of new small observatoriesSpain at the IAU

1975: IAC Ministry of Science and Education, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of La Laguna, Local Government (Cabildo de Canarias)

1979: International agreements for the exploitation of the observatories at Teide (Tenerife) and Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma)Muchachos (La Palma)

20% for the Spanish community5% for international time

1972: CAHA‐Calar Alto (Max Plank) (10% Spanish)1975: IAA (CSIC)

ESA Vill f d l C ill (M d id)1977: ESA at Villafranca del Castillo (Madrid)


XXI century

National Plan for Astronomy and AstrophysicsISI P (f % i % i 6)ISI Papers: +900 (from 0,5 % in 1973 to 2,5% in 2006)8º position in astromony and astrophysics

bli ipublicacionsPubs. 2004‐2006: CSIC‐500; IAC‐474;UB‐108; UV‐79; ULLULL‐75….


First SpanishWomen Astronomers

Antonia Ferrín Moreiras

(both passed away in 2009)

Antonia Ferrín Moreiras

(1914- 2009) Observatorio astronómico USC,

Astrometry

Asunción Catalá PochAsunción Catalá Poch

(1925-2009) Universidad de Barcelona,

Solar Activityy


SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY : Eulalia Pérez Sedeño,

Ad i Ki k k t l

“Women in Spanish Astronomy:

Adriana Kiczkowsky et al.

p y

Analysis of a peculiar situation. An universe todiscover”discover

Quantitative study:Quantitative study:Data mining, statistical analysis, comparison with previous worksp p

Qualitative study:I di id l i t i i d thIndividual interviews in depthSmall groups for discussions(2 pre-doc 2 post-docs)


(2 pre-doc, 2 post-docs)6

. People working in A&A in Spain

792900

792

700

800

500

600

337300

400

173 155 127100

200

0

100

Total personal Personal de Plantilla Becarios d t l

Postdoctorales Contratos

42% 22% 19% 16%

predoctorales


. People working in A&A in Spain

75,769 7 67 7 Personal de Plantilla

70,0

80,0 69,761,367,7 Personal de Plantilla

Postdoctorales

Becarios predoctorales

50,0

60,038,7

32 3

Becarios predoctorales

Contratos

30,0

40,0 24,330,3 32,3

10 0

20,0

30,0

0,0

10,0

% Mujeres % HombresWomen Men


% Mujeres % HombresWomen Men

A t i S i b i tit ti d. Astronomers in Spain by institution and gender

300350

g

229

300

250

300

Mujeres

31 %Women

138150

200Hombres31 %

27 %Men

84

1 146 2050

100

1 60

Universidades OPI’s Observatorios Otras institucionesUniversities OPIs Observatories Others


At the UniversitiesAt the Universities8190 81

70

80Mujeres

Hombres

Women

Men

32

51

40

50

60 Hombres

2419 22

10

25

5

3224

720

30

2 1 3 34 5 7

0

10

C.U. C.E.U. T.U. T.E.U. Postdoc Becarios Predoc

Contratos Otras categorias*Predoc categorias


At the UniversitiesAt the Universities92,6100,0 % MujeresWomen

80,0 77,1

62 5 6269,9 70,6 70,0

70 080,090,0

% Mujeres% Hombres

Women

Men

62,5 62,7

50,060,070,0

20,0 22,9

37,5 37,330,1 29,4 30,0

30,040,050,0

7,420,0

0 010,020,0

0,0C.U. C.E.U. T.U. T.E.U. Postdoc Becarios

PredocContratos Otras

categorias*


At Research CentersAt Research Centers7680

P.I.

5562

60

70 I.C.

C.T.

C U

37

45

40

50C.U.

T.U.

Invest. Afil.

182528 31

20

30Plantilla sin especificar

Prof. Asoc

P td

2

106

10

0 13 41

1112

0 10

10

20 Postdoc

Becarios Predoc

Contratos0

Mujeres HombresWomen Men


At Research CentersPI: 3% - 14%

IC: 8% - 25%At Research Centers

100 0 100 0

IC: 8% 25%

CT: 14% - 35%

90,0

100,0

83,3

100,091,7

100,0

% MujeresWomen

70,0

80,0 75,071,4

57 1

75,5 73,1

55 0

66,7% HombresMen

40 0

50,0

60,0

42,9 45,0

33 3

57,1 55,0

20 0

30,0

40,0

16,7

25,028,6

24,5 26,933,3

0,0

10,0

20,0

0,08,3

0,0


P.I. I.C. C.T. C.U. T.U. Invest. Afil. Prof. Asoc Plantilla sin especificar

Postdoc Becarios Predoc

Contratos

Financial support from the Spanish Ministry

90

77

70

80

No. Proyectos

MM €60

49

57

4750

60

MM €

40

21,117,8

22,320,9

20

30

7,2

0

10

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008


Financial support by gender (nr. Projects)

6570

51

434750

60

Mujer4340

30

40

Mujer

Hombre

96

10 12710

20

3015% 12%

18% 16% 15%

6 7

0

10

2004 2005 2006 2007 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008


Financial support by gender (€)pp y g ( )25

19,4 20,2 19,820

14,615

Mujer

Hombre

10

18%

3,32 1

6,5

5 8% 8%

9%

6%

1,60,6

2,1 1,2

0

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008


Financial support, average amount

0 6

0,50,5

0,6

0,380 33

0,4

0,31 0,310,33

0 2

0,3 Women

Men

0,150,18

0,1

0,18 0,17

0,1

0,2

0

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008


2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Financial support, average amount (%)

100%

0,3180%

90%

%

0,380,15 0,31

0,5

50%

60%

70%

Men

0 10,33

20%

30%

40%Men

Women

0,180,1 0,18

0,17

0%

10%

20%

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008


Financial support, by type

89,2 90 0 90,090,0100

200589,2

78,6

88,879,3

85,090,0

85,0

77,8

82,8 88,9

70

80

902005200620072008

50

60

70

21 420 722,030

40

21,415,09,0

10,8

11,1

20,7

10,0

15,0

10,0

17,211,1

0

10

20

0IP Mujer IP Hombre IP Mujer IP Hombre IP Mujer IP Hombre

Teórico Instrumental MixtoTheory Instrumentation Theory + instrument.

PI Men PI Men PI MenPI WomenPI Women PI Women


CUALITATIVE STUDYCUALITATIVE STUDY

Interviews (in depth)14 interviews to senior researchers (both at the 14 interviews to senior researchers (both at the universities and OPIs), covering gender, proffessional level and place in Spain (Barcelona, Granada, La

d d d )Laguna, Madrid y Santander).

Di i Discussion groupsSix discussion groups of young reserachers (pre and

d ) i h i b d 6 i i post‐docs), with sizes between 4 and 6 participants each group (Barcelona, Granada y La Laguna).


Cualitative analysis: SUBJECTSy

Training; the reasons to choose A&AR h i i f f i d Research; triggering factors for starting and staying in A&A reserach, threats and opportunitiesW i A d fWomen in Astronomy: past, present and future.

ChangesChanges of the situation of women in A&A and in Science & Technology in general.Science & Technology in general.Analysis of gendergender policiespolicies. Appropriateness of themeasures. Proposals for improvement.C iC i b h i i i S i d i ComparisonComparison between the situation in Spain and in other environmental countries.


The situation nowadaysThe situation nowadaysSubstantial improvement; surmounting gapsSubstantial improvement; surmounting gapsDifferences still remain; they’ll be solved in thefutureStatistics on gender disparity are roughlyknown (not so for the young)Importance of gender studiesGender disparity is an “old‐women” problem(YOUNG)(YOUNG)Disparity clearly appears at the higher levels,i d i i t ki iti thi lin decision‐taking positions; this merelyreflects the social situation (MEN)


Mechanisms for disparityMechanisms for disparityWomen: their own experience, discrimination, Women: their own experience, discrimination, lack of interest, neglectMen: external (social) origin for disparity, g p yreluctant to accept themselves as agents of discrimination ““ItIt isis theirtheir problemproblem””

W f il d id ti l dWomen: family and care considerations alreadypresent among young women ““ItIt isis ourour problemproblem””

Men: not spontaneously risen no problemMen: not spontaneously risen, no problemWomen: their contribution in committees isnot considered importantnot considered importantMen: most against reverse discrimination; some accept that a higher level is required forwomen


To address…To address…Personal life (family) and career for womenPersonal life (family) and career for womenEvaluation proces: quality vs. QuantityMeasures for parity: less rejection amongMeasures for parity: less rejection amongwomen, but high work load (always the samewomen)Need to explain the measures to both men and women


Within the Spanish Astronomical Society (SEA)

C ti f th C it “W d Creation of the Commitee Women and Astronomy” in March 2010Core team and extended group (open, web based)Obj tiObjectives:

To make a list of all senior women astronomers in Spain, with their specialitiesTo propose to the SEA Council the use of this list for allTo propose to the SEA Council the use of this list for allactivities organized by SEATo organise a specific meeting whithin the ScientificassembliesT l b t l t th ti i ti d To elaborate yearly reports on the participation and progress of women astronomers from the databaseSEAMOSTo elaborate a report on the role of women in the Spanisht j t t b d i ll b ti ith

p pastronomy, a project to be made in collaboration withsociologistsTo propose, encourage and generate a umber of activitiesand measures to attrack women to study and work in A&A

yA&A


The Committee of the SEA working Groupg p

“Women and Astronomy”

Francesca Figueras (U. Barcelona)Adriana Kiczkowski (Consulting)Josefina Ling (U. Santiago de Compostela)Belén López-Martí (CAB)( )Isabel Márquez (IAA)Vicent Martínez (U. Valencia)( )Josefa Masegosa (IAA)Eulalia Pérez Sedeño (CSIC)( )Blanca Troughton (SMA)


CommiteeCommitee ““WomenWomen and and AstronomyAstronomy” ”

http:www.sea-astronomia.es/drupal/?q=node/1135


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