Si477X EVALUATION BOARD TEST PROCEDURE 1. Introduction … · This document describes the test...

Rev. 0.1 12/11 Copyright © 2011 by Silicon Laboratories AN646

AN646

Si477X EVALUATION BOARD TEST PROCEDURE

1. Introduction

This document describes the test procedures used in Silicon Laboratories for the Si477x evaluation boards (EVB). Itis also intended to enable customers to exactly replicate Silicon Laboratories' test environment so that variances incustomers' and Silicon Laboratories' measured results can be accurately compared. This document covers AM,FM, RDS and weather band tests for the Si477x receivers. The pass/fail criteria for each test are provided in therespective data sheets. The Si477x evaluation boards and software provide a platform to program, test, andoperate the Si477x devices. The system consists of two boards: a baseboard and an RF daughter card. Thebaseboard provides all necessary support functions, including a USB-based programming interface, analog audio.The RF daughter card changes for each device. Refer to the individual EVB User's Guides for detailed explanationsof the EVB hardware and software.

2. FM Tune Testing

This section covers testing the FM specifications for the Si477x receiver. Table 1 provides a summary of FM tests andequipment.

Note: The user has the option of powering up the EVB through USB, L2 (external 9V), or J1/J2 (two Agilent E3646A powersupplies).

Table 1. FM Tuner Test Equipment

Test Equipment

Sensitivity AM SuppressionAudio Output Voltage Audio THD Audio SNR Stereo SeparationAudio Output L/R Imbalance Audio SINADStereo Pilot Rejection

Rohde & Schwarz UPV Audio AnalyzerRohde & Schwarz SMB + Stereo/RDS Signal Generator #1 USB Power Supply*

Image Rejection Adjacent/Alternate Channel RejectionIP3

Equipment above plus: Rohde & Schwarz SMB Signal Generator #2 Mini Circuits ZFRSC-42-S+ 0-4.2GHz Combiner

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Figure 1. Si477x FM Tuner Measurement Setup

Typically for the single tuner the baseboard is powered using USB power. When the switch is set to the USB, thetuner voltage is set by default to VA = 5 V VD = VIO1 = VIO2 = 3.3 V. For higher current requirements (typicallywhen the daughter card has more than one tuner), the switch can be set to 9 V, and a 9 V adapter can beconnected to the 9 V L2 socket of the baseboard. To use any voltage other than the default, two external powersupplies can be connected to the Power#1 and #2 connectors. If the external power supply is used, the jumpersJ57, J58, J59, and J60 should be set to the TERM side. For details, refer to the EVB user’s guide.

2.1. FM Tuner Testing Calibration During testing power combiner and cable losses must be calibrated and factored into each measurement. Thecalibration is performed by setting the Generator#1 at 98 MHz and 0 dBm and measuring the RF power at the DUT.The calibration factor is either programmed as an offset to the generator or manually compensated duringmeasurement. All the levels specified in this document are the levels that should be set at the DUT.

R&S UPV Audio Analyzer

cv

R&S SMB Generator #2


PC withUSB

Quark Baseboard

Si477x Daughterboard

Antenna (J1) Combiner

USB

Power #1Power #2

Ch1

POWER_SELECT (SW1)9V PS USB

Ch2AG E3646A

Power Supply2AG E3646A

Power Supply1

G VD VA G G VIO2 VIO1 G

J55 Head Phone Out

J64 L/R_LINE_OUT

9V L2

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2.2. FM Tuner Configuration The FM tuner is set to following common configuration. The user can run the FM tests by configuring the FMfrequency and using the power up defaults (by just booting up the tuner using GUI). However, the following setupsenhance the measurement speed, and can be used if the user is running automated tests.

"Appendix A—Setting properties using the Audio GUI" on page 42 describes the methods for setting the propertyvalues using the Audio GUI.

2.2.1. Disable Hi-Cut and Hi-Blend

The Hi-Cut and Hi-Blend is disabled by setting following properties:

setProperty( 0x3601, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_FAST_RSSI_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x3605, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_SLOW_RSSI_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x3609, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_FAST_MULTIPATH_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x360D, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_SLOW_MULTIPATH_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x3611, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_FAST_USN_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x3615, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_SLOW_USN_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x3701, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_FAST_RSSI_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x3705, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_RSSI_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x3709, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x370D, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x3711, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_FAST_USN_CUTOFF_FREQ

setProperty( 0x3715, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_USN_CUTOFF_FREQ

Property Value Property Address Property Value to Set

Frequency 98 MHz

Volume Maximum 0x0300 0x003F

Stereo Separation RSSI Limit (max)

Stereo Separation RSSI Limit (min)

55 dBµv (0x37 8 MSBs)

25 dBµv (0x19 8 LSBs)

0x3500 0x3719

Hi-Cut & Hi-Blend Disabled See below

Fast Attack and Release Enabled See Below

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2.2.2. Set Fast Attack and Release

The attack and release times for Blend, Hi-cut and Hi-blend based on RSSI, multipath and USN can be sped up bysetting the following properties.

RSSI Based Blend

setProperty( 0x3502, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3503, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x3506, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3507, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME

Multipath Based Blend

setProperty( 0x350A, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x350B, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x350E, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x350F, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME

Blend based on USN

setProperty( 0x3512, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_USN_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3513, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_USN_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x3516, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_USN_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3517, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_USN_RELEASE_TIME

Hicut Based on RSSI

setProperty( 0x3602, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3603, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x3606, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3607, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME

Hicut Based on Multipath

setProperty( 0x360A, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x360B, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x360E, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x360F, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME

Hicut based on USN

setProperty( 0x3612, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_USN_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3613, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_USN_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x3616, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_USN_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3617, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_USN_RELEASE_TIME

Hiblend based on RSSI

setProperty( 0x3702, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3703, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x3706, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME

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setProperty( 0x3707, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME

Hiblend based on Multipath

setProperty( 0x370A, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x370B, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x370E, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x370F, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME

Hiblend based on USN

setProperty( 0x3712, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_USN_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3713, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_USN_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x3716, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_USN_ATTACK_TIME

setProperty( 0x3717, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_USN_RELEASE_TIME

setProperty( 0x2203, 0x0001);// AM_CHBW_SQ_WIDENING_TIME

setProperty( 0x2204, 0x0001); //AM_CHBW_SQ_NARROWING_TIME

setProperty( 0x2208, 0x0001); //AM_CHBW_ASSI_WIDENING_TIME

setProperty( 0x2209, 0x0001); //AM_CHBW_ASSI_NARROWING_TIME

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2.3. Analyzer ConfigurationThe analyzer is configured in analog mode for the tests. The following configuration is common for all tests:

Instrument: Analog

Bandwidth: 22 kHz

Pre Filter: OFF

Channel Coupling: AC

2.4. FM Test Procedures The following procedures measure analog audio output.

2.4.1. Sensitivity

Sensitivity of a receiver is a measure of its ability to receive weak signals and produce an audio frequency output ofusable magnitude and acceptable quality. Sensitivity may be defined with respect to many different characteristicsof the output signal. For the purposes of our testing, sensitivity is the minimum RF level required to produce anaudio output with a specified signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD), of 26 dB.

1. Configure the audio analyzer:

a. Function: THD+N/SINAD

b. Measurement Mode = SINAD

c. Fundamental = 1000 Hz Fixed

d. Filter = OFF

e. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz

f. Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz

g. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement)

h. Set Unit = dB.

2. Configure generator #1:

a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz.

b. Select FM Modulation.

c. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz.

d. Set Source = LFGEN (Internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

e. Enable modulation. Enable carrier.

3. Disable generator #2.

4. Adjust generator #1 RF level, VRF0, until audio analyzer SINAD = 26 dB.

5. Sensitivity (dBµV) = VRF0.

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2.4.2. THD

The total harmonic distortion, or THD, is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present at the audio output andis defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components calculated in RMS fashion to the powerof the fundamental. The THD measurement is performed for both mono and the stereo signals for both normal(60 dBµV) and strong signal (120 dBµV).


a. Function= THD

b. Measurement Mode= All di

c. Fundamental= 1000 Hz Fixed

d. Equalizer= OFF

e. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement)

f. Select Unit = %.

2. For mono measurement: Configure generator #1



c. Set FM Deviation = 75 kHz.

d. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. (120 dBµV for strong signal)

e. Set source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

f. Enable modulation. Enable carrier.

OR

1. For stereo measurement: Configure generator #1:

a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV (120 dBµV for strong signal).

b. Select Stereo Modulation.

c. Deviation=67.5 kHz.

d. Pilot Deviation=6.75 kHz.

e. Mode= L=1 R=0.

f. Source = LFGEN. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

g. Pre-emphasis = OFF.

h. Enable modulation. Enable carrier.


3. Record THD (%).

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2.4.3. SNR

The signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver, under specified conditions, is the ratio of the audio frequency output voltagedue to the signal to that due to random noise. The SNR measurement is performed for both mono and the stereosignal. In the mono SNR test is performed for both normal (60 dBµV) and strong signal (120 dBµV).


a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD.

b. Set Measurement Mode = Level Noise.

c. Set Units = dB.

d. Fundamental = 1000 Hz fixed.

e. Set Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz.

f. Set Frequency Limit Upper = 15000 Hz.

g. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement).

2. For mono measurement: Configure generator #1:

a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV (120 dBµV for strong signal test).


c. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. Set source = LFGEN (internal).

d. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.


f. Disable generator #2.

OR


a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV.


c. Deviation = 67.5 kHz.

d. Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz.

e. Mode= L=1 R=0.

f. Source = LFGEN. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

g. Pre-emphasis = OFF


2. Record SNR (dB) = Input RMS(dBV) – Level Noise (dBV).

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2.4.4. SINAD

Signal to noise and distortion (SINAD) is similar to signal to noise ratio, but includes distortion and is a ratio of"signal plus noise plus distortion" to "noise plus distortion." To make the SINAD measurement, a signal modulatedwith an audio tone is entered into the receiver. A measurement of the whole signal, i.e., the signal plus noise plusdistortion, is made by the audio analyzer. The audio tone is then removed by the analyzer and the remaining noiseand distortion is measured. SINAD test is performed for both mono and stereo signals. Mono SINAD test isperformed for normal (60 dBµV) and strong signals (120 dBµV).



b. Set Measurement Mode = SINAD.

c. Fundamental: 1000 Hz Fixed.

d. Filter = OFF.

e. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz.

f. Frequency Limit High = 150 Hz.

g. Function Setting: Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement).

h. Select Unit = dB.

2. For mono measurement: Configure generator #1:

a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV (120 dBµV for strong signal).



d. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).

e. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

OR




c. Set Deviation = 67.5 kHz.

d. Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz.

e. Mode = L=1 R=0

f. Set source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

g. Enable modulation. Enable carrier.

2. Enable modulation. Enable carrier.


4. Record SINAD (dB).

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2.4.5. AM Suppression

AM suppression of an FM receiver represents the ability of the receiver to reject AM of the input signal. AM mightbe a result of fading multi-path signals, aircraft flutter, AM at the transmitter, and AM introduced in the receiver bypass-band limitations and mistuning. AM suppression is measured as a ratio of voltage measured with an FMmodulated signal to that of an AM modulated signal.

Configure the audio analyzer:

1. Select Analyze.

a. Set Function = RMS Select.

b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%.

c. Set Units = dBV.

d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz.


a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. Select FM Modulation.

b. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

c. Enable modulation. Enable carrier.

3. Record the audio level, VAUDIO0.

4. Turn off generator #1 FM modulation.



b. Select AM Modulation. Set Depth = 30%.

c. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

d. Enable modulation. Enable carrier.

6. Record the audio level, VAUDIO1.

7. AM Suppression (dB) = VAUDIO0 – VAUDIO1.

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2.4.6. Audio Output Voltage

Audio output voltage is measured as an RMS value under standard operating conditions.




c. Set Units = VRMS.




b. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).

c. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.


4. Audio level (VRMS) = measured VAUDIO0 from Audio Analyzer.

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2.4.7. Audio L/R Imbalance

The level difference between the two stereo channels is a quality criterion of the tuner because level differencesshift the center for stereo sound impression. Audio L/R imbalance is the ratio of left to right channel output voltage.




c. Set Units = dBV.




b. Set RF level = 60 dBµV.

c. Select FM Modulation.

d. Set FM Deviation = 75 kHz.

e. Set RF level = 60 dBµV.

f. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).

g. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.


3. Left channel audio level (dBV) = VAUDIOL.

4. Right channel audio level (dBV) = VAUDIOR.

5. Audio L/R imbalance (dB) = abs (VAUDIOL - VAUDIOR).

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2.4.8. Audio Stereo Separation

Crosstalk occurs when signal components of a channel are coupled into another audio channel. This reduceschannel separation and thus impairs the stereo effect. Audio stereo separation is the level ratio of the wantedsignal in a channel to the unwanted signal coupled into the other channel. Only the left channel is modulated andthe levels are measured in both channels to obtain the ratio. To suppress the noise components, a selectivemeasurement is carried out.


2. Select Analyze.



c. Set Units = dBV.





c. Select Stereo Modulation.

d. Set FM Deviation = 67.5 kHz.

e. Set L = 1, R = 0.

f. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).

g. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

h. Set Pre-emphasis = 75 µs.

i. Set Pilot = ON.

j. Set Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz.

k. Enable modulation.

l. Enable carrier.

4. Left channel audio level (dBV) = VAUDIOL.

5. Right channel audio level (dBV) = VAUDIOR.

6. Audio Stereo Separation (dB) = abs (VAUDIOL – VAUDIOR).

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2.4.9. Stereo Pilot Rejection

A pilot tone is transmitted at 19 kHz to identify stereo broadcast transmissions. In order not to disturb instrumentssuch as amplifiers and recorders connected to the tuner, the pilot tone and its subcarriers must be sufficientlysuppressed in the tuner. Stereo pilot rejection is the quality criterion of a tuner that is measured as the ratio ofwanted audio frequency voltage to pilot frequency voltage according to the equation:

Pilot Rejection = 1 kHz + 20 x log ( pilot/ f) – V19 kHz)

Where f is FM frequency deviation and pilot is pilot frequency deviation.




c. Set Units = dBV.


e. Set Filter = OFF




c. Select Stereo Modulation


e. Set Mode L = R.

f. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

g. Set Pre-emphasis = 75 µs.

h. Set Pilot = ON.

i. Set Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz.

j. Enable modulation. Enable carrier.

3. Audio 1 kHz level (dBV) = V1 kHz.

4. Configure audio analyzer frequency mode = FIX: 19 kHz.

5. Audio 19 kHz level (dBV) = V19kHz.

6. Pilot Rejection (relative to pilot) (dB) = V1 kHz – V19kHz + 20 x log10 (pilot/ f) = V1kHz – V19kHz – 20.

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2.4.10. IP3

Intermodulation distortion in the detected or decoded audio-frequency signal may be caused by non-linearity in theradio-frequency, intermediate-frequency, and detector stages of the receiver. A good measure of intermodulationdistortion is IP3. IP3 is the theoretical RF level at which two blockers (VRF1), offset from the desired frequency byf and 2 f, and their intermodulation product (VRF0) would be of the same amplitude, according to the equation IP3= VRF1 + ½(VRF1 – VRF0). VRF0 is the 26 dB SINAD sensitivity level at the fundamental frequency. VRF1 is theblocker level required to produce an inter-modulation product at the same sensitivity level.

In our test:

f1 = 98.4 MHz (blocker #1) f2 = 98.8 MHz (blocker #2)

2 x f1 – f2 = 98.0 MHz (tuner frequency)

1. The IP3 test requires that after configuring the tuner in standard configuration, the tuner should be set at maximum gain. To achieve maximum gain,

a. Boot the tuner in standard configuration.

b. Turn OFF RF output of the generators.

c. Turn OFF the Tuner AGC.

d. Send the following command.

i. setProperty (0x0710 0x3F)

e. (OR) Turn OFF tuner AGC from the Audio GUI.

i. In the Audio GUI, select WindowProperties menu. This launches the properties window.

ii. In properties Window Select Property Category AM:AGC Properties.

iii. In AGC Properties set AGC State Off.

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c. Filter = OFF.

d. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz, Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz.

e. Select Unit = dB.

f. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement).





d. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).






c. Disable modulation. Enable carrier.

5. Simultaneously adjust the generator #1 and generator #2 RF level, VRF1, until SINAD = 26 dB.

6. IP3 (dBµV) = VRF1 + ½ (VRF1 - VRF0). VRF0 is the level from sensitivity test.

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2.4.11. Image Rejection

Receivers respond to unwanted signals at the intermediate frequency, at the image frequency, and at harmonics ofthe signal frequency and other frequencies associated with harmonics of the local oscillator frequency.

To understand the concept of image frequency, refer to Figure 2.

Figure 2. Image Frequency Spectra

1. The image injection side can be positive or negative depending on the frequency of tuner. For the frequency mentioned in this test routine, the injection side is negative (image rejection at negative 256 kHz). If the user needs to use other frequency value, they can read the image injection side from the chip and decide whether to use positive or negative image offset (refer to " Appendix B—Reading Image Offset Side Using the Audio GUI" on page 44).




c. Set Units = dBV.


e. Filter = OFF






e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.


4. Vary the Generator#1 RF level and measure using the analyzer to reach a target sinad level of 26 dB. The resulting RF level is VRF1.

5. Set the RF level of generator#1 to VRF2 = VRF1 +3 dB


a. Set carrier frequency = 97.744 MHz (image at –256 kHz)

b. Select FM Modulation


d. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz.

e. Enable generator. Enable carrier.

7. Set generator#2 initially at VRF2. Increase the RF level of the image (generator #2) until SINAD drops back to 26 dB. Call this RF level VRF3.

8. Image rejection (dB) = VRF3 – VRF2.

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2.4.12. Adjacent/Alternate Channel Rejection

Rejection is a measure of the performance of a radio receiver to respond only to the tuned transmission (such as aradio station) and reject other signals nearby, such as another broadcast on an adjacent channel. The adjacent/alternate channel rejection tests are performed at –100 , –200, and –400 kHz offsets.




c. Filter = OFF.

d. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz.

e. Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz.

f. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz.

g. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement).




b. Set RF level VRF0 = 40 dBµV.


d. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. Set source = LFGEN (internal).




a. Set carrier frequency = 97.9 or 97.8 MHz (adjacent channel) or Set carrier frequency = 97.8 or 97.6 MHz (alternate channel).



d. Source = LFGEN. Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz.


4. Adjust generator #2 RF level, VRF1, until the SINAD level is 26 dB.

5. Rejection (dB) = VRF1 – VRF0.

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3. AM Tuner Testing

This section covers testing the AM specs for the Si477x receiver. Table 2 provides a summary of tests andequipment.

Figure 3. Si477x AM Tuner Measurement Setup

Table 2. AM Tuner Test Equipment

Test Equipment

Sensitivity Audio Output Voltage Audio THD Audio SNR Audio SINAD

Rohde & Schwarz UPV Audio AnalyzerRohde & Schwarz SMB Generator #1 USB Power Supply*

Image Rejection Adjacent/Alternate Channel RejectionIP2IP3

Equipment above plus: Rohde & Schwarz SMB Signal Generator #2 Rohde & Schwarz Signal Generator #3 (required for IP2/IP3 tests)Mini Circuits ZSC-3-2 0-30MHz or equivalent 3 to 1 combiner (required for IP2/IP3) ORMini Circuits ZFRSC-42-S+ 0-4.2GHz or 2 to 1 Combiner (if not running the IP2/IP3 tests)

*Note: The user has the option of powering up the EVB through USB, L2 (external 9V), or J1/J2 (two Agilent E3646A power supplies).

R&S UPV Audio Analyzer



PC withUSB

Quark Baseboard


Antenna (J33) Power Combiner

USB

Power #1Power #2

Ch1

9V PS USB

Ch2AG E3646A

Power Supply2AG E3646A

Power Supply1

G VD VA G G VIO2 VIO1 G

J55 Head Phone Out

J64 L/R_LINE_OUT


(Required for IP2/IP3 tests)

POWER_SELECT (SW1)

9V L2

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3.1. AM Tuner Testing Calibration During testing power combiner and cable losses must be calibrated and factored into each measurement. Thecalibration is performed by setting the Generator#1 at 1 MHz and 0 dBm and measuring the RF power at the DUT.The calibration factor is either programmed as an offset to the generator or manually compensated duringmeasurement. All the levels specified in this document are the levels that should be set at the DUT.

3.2. AM Tuner ConfigurationThe AM tuner is set to following common configuration. It is not necessary to set the following properties during AMtesting. The user can run the AM tests by configuring the AM frequency and using the power up defaults (by justbooting up the tuner using GUI). However, the following setups enhance the measurement speed, and can be usedif the user is running automated tests.

Appendix A describes the methods for setting the property values using the Audio GUI.

Property Value Property Address Property Value to Set

Input Frequency 1000 kHz

Volume 63 (max) 0x0300 0x003F

Hi-cut Disabled 0x3104 0x3232

Softmute OFF 0x0400 0x0000

AGC Mode Fast 0x070C 0x070D

0x00080x0008

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3.3. AM Tuner Testing Procedures The following procedures describe AM tuner measurements.

3.3.1. Sensitivity

Sensitivity of a receiver is a measure of its ability to receive weak signals and produce an audio frequency output ofusable magnitude and acceptable quality. Sensitivities may be defined with respect to many differentcharacteristics of the output signal. For the purposes of our testing, sensitivity is the minimum RF level required toproduce an audio output with a specified signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD), of 20 dB. Note that thesensitivity measurement is defined with respect to SINAD and not SNR. Descriptions for these two measurementswill be given in the following sections.




c. Set Unit = dB.

d. Set Filter = OFF.


f. Set Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz.

g. Fundamental = 1000 Hz fixed function.


a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz.

b. Select AM Modulation.

c. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%.

d. Set source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

e. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF carrier.



5. Adjust generator #1 RF level, VRF0, until audio analyzer SINAD = 20 dB.

6. Sensitivity = VRF0 (dBµV).

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3.3.2. Radiated Sensitivity

In order to avoid environmental noise issues, it is best to conduct radiated tests in a shielded room.

1. Connect test equipment as shown in Figure 4.

2. Configure the tuner:

a. Set frequency = 1 MHz.

b. Set volume = 63.


a. Select Analyze.

b. Set Function = THD+N / SINAD.

i. Set Measurement Mode = SINAD.

ii. Set Unit = dB.

iii. Set Filter = A-weighting.

iv. Set Frequency Limit Low = 300 Hz.

v. Set Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz.



b. Select AM Modulation.

i. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%.

ii. Set Source = LFGEN.

iii. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

c. Enable AM modulation.

d. Enable RF carrier.



7. Disconnect the USB connection through the GUI while keeping the device ON.

8. Remove the laptop from the room in which the testing is conducted.

9. Adjust generator #1 RF level, VRF0, until audio analyzer SINAD = 20 dB ± 1 dB.

10.Sensitivity (µV) = VRF0.

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Figure 4. Test Setup for AM Radiated Sensitivity

QuarkBase board


Audio Analyzer

RXS

PC with USB

port

RCA OUT

USB

J79

USB Cable

RCA Cable

EXT pwr

USB pwr EXT

Jack

SW1

J76

J77

AM

IN

J6

R&S SMB Generator 1

R&S SMB Generator 2

Power Combiner

Air Loop Antenna - TX Air Loop Antenna - RX

60 cm

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24 Rev. 0.1

3.3.3. SNR

The signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver, under specified conditions, is the ratio of the audio frequency output voltagedue to the signal to that due to random noise. This test is performed at standard (30%) and High (90%) modulationdepth as well as normal (74 dBµV) and strong (100 dBµV) signal levels.

1. Configure the audio analyzer to record noise.


b. Set Measurement Mode = Level Noise.

c. Set Unit = dB.


e. Set Filter = OFF.

f. Set Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz.

g. Set Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz.



b. Set RF level = 74 dBµV (100 dBµV for strong signal).

c. Select AM Modulation.

d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. (90% for High)

e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

f. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF carrier.



5. Record Noise (dB) from analyzer.

6. Record SNR (dB) = Input RMS(dBV) – Level Noise (dBV).

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3.3.4. THD

The total harmonic distortion, or THD, is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present at the audio output andis defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components calculated in RMS fashion to the powerof the fundamental. This test is performed at standard (30%) and high (90%) modulation depth as well as normal(74 dBµV) and strong (100 dBµV) signal levels.


a. Function= THD.

b. Measurement Mode= All di.

c. Fundamental= 1000 Hz fixed.

d. Equalizer = OFF.

e. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement).

f. Select Unit = %.





d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30% (90% for high Modulation depth measurement).

e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).

f. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

g. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF (carrier).



5. Record THD (%).

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3.3.5. SINAD

Signal to noise and distortion (SINAD) is similar to signal to noise ratio, but includes distortion. A measurement ofthe whole signal, i.e., the signal plus noise plus distortion, is made by the audio analyzer. The audio tone is thenremoved by the analyzer and the remaining noise and distortion is measured. This test is performed at standard(30%) and High (90%) modulation.

depth




c. Fundamental: 1000 Hz fixed.

d. Filter = OFF.



g. Function Setting: Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement).



a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz



d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30% (90% for high Modulation depth measurement).







6. Record SINAD (dB).

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3.3.6. Output Voltage




c. Set Units = VRMS.






d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%.






5. Record audio level (Vrms) from the analyzer.

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3.3.7. Adjacent/Alternate Channel Rejection

Rejection is a measure of the performance of a radio receiver to respond only to the tuned transmission (such as aradio station) and reject other signals nearby, such as another broadcast on an adjacent channel. Adjacent channelrejection measures the interference from an unwanted signal present one band spacing away (9 kHz away).Alternate channel rejection measures the interference from an unwanted signal present two band spacing away(18 kHz away).




c. Filter = OFF

d. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz.

e. Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz

f. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz.

g. Select Unit = dB.



b. Set RF level VRF0= 20 dBµV.





g. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF carrier.



a. Set carrier frequency = 0.991 MHz (adjacent channel), or

b. Set carrier frequency = 0.982 MHz (alternate channel).




f. Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz.

g. Enable AM Modulation. Enable RF carrier.

5. Adjust generator #2 RF level, VRF1, until the sinad = 20 dB.

6. Rejection (dB) = VRF1 – VRF0.

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3.3.8. Image Rejection

This test measures the image rejection for image at frequency ±186 kHz.

1. The image injection side can be positive or negative depending on the frequency of tuner. For the frequency mentioned in this test routine, the injection side is negative (image rejection at negative 186 kHz). If the user need to use other frequency value, they can read the image injection side from the chip and decide whether to use positive or negative image offset (refer to "Appendix B—Reading Image Offset Side Using the Audio GUI" on page 44).




c. Set Units = dBV.




b. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%.

c. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).


e. Set signal level VRF1 = 54 dBµV.

f. Enable modulation.

g. Enable carrier.




b. Set image level VRF2 = 82 dBµV.



e. Set LFGEN frequency = 0.4 kHz.

f. Enable generator.

g. Enable modulation.

6. Set audio analyzer at fixed 1 kHz and read the (message) level value VAUDIO0

7. Set audio analyzer at fixed 0.4 kHz and read the (image) level value VAUDIO1

8. VAudioRelative = VAUDIO0 – VAUDIO1.

9. VRFRelative = VRF2 – VRF1.

10.Image Rejection = VAudioRelative + VRFRelative.

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3.3.9. IP3

Intermodulation distortion in the detected or decoded audio-frequency signal may be caused by non-linearity in theradio-frequency, intermediate-frequency, and detector stages of the receiver. A good measure of intermodulationdistortion is IP3. IP3 is the theoretical RF level at which two blockers (VRF1), offset from the desired frequency byf and 2f, and their intermodulation product.

In our test:

40/80 kHz offset

f1 = 1040 kHz (blocker #1) f2 = 1080 kHz (blocker #2)

2 x f1 – f2 = 1 MHz (tuner frequency)

140/280 kHz offset

f1 = 1280 kHz (blocker #1) f2 = 1140 kHz (blocker #2)

2 x f1 – f2 = 1 MHz (tuner frequency)The following procedure describes the 40/80 kHz offset testing:

1. The IP3 test requires that after configuring the tuner in standard configuration, the tuner should be set at maximum gain. To achieve maximum gain,

a. Boot the tuner in standard configuration.

b. Turn OFF RF output of the generators.

c. Turn OFF the Tuner AGC. The tuner AGC can be turned off using the Audio GUI.

i. In the Audio GUI, select Window Properties menu. This launches the properties window.

ii. In properties Window Select Property Category AM:AGC Properties.

iii. In AGC Properties set AGC State Off.


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c. Set Units = dBV.


3. Configure generator #1 (For the carrier signal):

a. Set carrier frequency = 1000 kHz.

b. Set RF level = 54 dBµV (VRF_message).






4. Configure generator #2 (For the blocker#1 signal):


b. Set RF level = 92 dBµV (VRF_blocker).



e. Set Source = LFGEN.








e. Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz.

6. Read the message level rms value (due to carrier at 1kHz) displayed in the analyzer (Vrms_message (dBV))

7. Turn the Generator #1 modulation OFF

8. Setup Analyzer at fixed frequency of 400 Hz (blocker)

9. Read the blocker level rms value (due to blocker at 400 Hz) displayed in the analyzer (Vrms_blocker (dBV))

10.Calculate IP3

a. RelativeLevel = (Vrms_message – Vrms_blocker)

b. MessageInputLevel = VRF_message + 20.0 x Math.Log10(0.3)

c. BlkMessageInputLevel = MessageInputLevel – RelativeLevel

d. IP3 = VRF_blocker + ((VRF_blocker – BlkMessageInputLevel)/2)

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3.3.10. IP2

The following procedure describes the IP2 testing

1. The IP3 test requires that after configuring the tuner in standard configuration, the tuner should be set at maximum gain. Follow the same procedure as IP3 test above to set the tuner to maximum gain.




c. Set Units = dBV.


3. Configure generator #1 (For the carrier signal):


b. Set RF level = 48 dBµV (VRF_message).





g. Set Filter OFF














d. Set Source = LFGEN.

e. Set LFGEN frequency


6. Read the message level rms value (due to carrier at 1 kHz) displayed in the analyzer (Vrms_message (dBV)).

7. Turn the Generator #1 modulation OFF.

8. Setup Analyzer at fixed frequency of 400 Hz (blocker).

9. Read the blocker level rms value (due to blocker at 400 Hz) displayed in the analyzer (Vrms_blocker (dBV)).

10.Calculate IP2.

a. RelativeLevel = (Vrms_message - Vrms_blocker)

b. IP2 = 2 x VRF_blocker + RelativeLevel – VRF_message

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4. RDS Testing

This section covers testing the RDS test procedure for the Si477x receiver. Table 3 provides a summary of testsand equipment.

4.1. RDS Tuner Configuration1. Input Frequency: 98 MHz.

2. Enable RDS (setProperty(0x4002, 0xFFF1).

Table 3. RDS Test Equipment

Test Equipment

RDS Sensitivity RDS BLER TestRDS Sync Persistence TestRDS Sync Stability TestRDS Sync Time Test

Rohde & Schwarz SMB + Stereo/RDS Signal Generator #1 USB Power Supply*

*Note: You can power up the EVB through two Agilent E3646A Power Supplies.

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4.2. RDS Testing Procedures The following procedures describe RDS measurement procedure. The Audio GUI is used during the RDS tests tomake the measurements. For instruction about measurements using RDS window of the Audio GUI refer to"Appendix C—Reading RDS information using the Audio GUI" on page 45.

4.2.1. RDS Sensitivity

RDS sensitivity is the minimum RF level required to produce an audio output with a specified block error rate(BLER), 5%. BLER is a ratio of the number of data blocks received with at least one un-correctable bit to thenumber of blocks received.



b. Set initial RF level to 5 dBuV (this level is changed later to find the sensitivity level).

c. Select stereo modulation.

i. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz.

ii. Set Stereo Mode = Left Only

iii. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).

iv. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz.

v. Set Pre-emphasis = OFF.

vi. Set Pilot = ON.

vii. Set Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz.

viii. Set RDS = ON.

ix. Set RDS Deviation = 2 kHz.

x. RDS State = ON

xi. Set RDS Data Set = 1.

xii. Set Traffic Announcement = OFF.

xiii. Set Traffic Program = OFF.

xiv. ARI State = Off


2. Adjust generator #1 RF level, VRF0. Using the Audio GUI measure BLER (by reading the Error Rate from GUI) until BLER = 5%. After changing the RF level each time, press the Reset button in the RDS window and wait for 25 seconds before reading the Error Rate (BLER) from the GUI.

3. Sensitivity (dBµV) = VRF0.

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4.2.2. RDS BLER

BLER stands for block error rate, which is a ratio of number of data blocks received with at least one un-correctablebit to the number of blocks received. This test is often used to test the RDS Sensitivity (BLER <5%) specificationduring production.



b. Set RF level = 20 dBuV.

c. Select stereo modulation


ii. Set Stereo Mode = Left Only




vi. Set Pilot = ON.


viii. Set RDS = ON.


x. RDS State = ON




xiv. ARI State = OFF


2. Using the Audio GUI measure BLER. Wait for 25 seconds before reading the Error Rate (BLER) from the GUI

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4.2.3. RDS Sync Persistence/Sync Stability Test

RDS Sync is influenced by the signal quality and strength. Once the RDS is synchronized, the FM tuner has theability to maintain its synchronization even with high BLER and fading signal strength. This test measures theability to maintain RDS Sync in degrading signal conditions.



b. Set RF level = 5 dBuV.

c. Select stereo modulation.


ii. Set L=R.



v. Set Pre-emphasis = 75 µs.

vi. Set Pilot = ON.


viii. Set RDS = ON.


x. Set RDS Data Set = 1.

xi. Set Traffic Announcement = OFF.

xii. Set Traffic Program = OFF.

xiii. ARI State = OFF


2. Using the Audio GUI, observe the RDS button turning from red to green (the button turns green when sync is established) by Increasing the Generator#1 RF level. Register the RF level at which the RDS button turns and stays green for at least 10 seconds. This level is the RDS Sync Stability Level.

3. Increase the Generator #1 RF level by 5 dBµV from the Sync Stability Level. Now decrease the RF level and observe the RDS button in the GUI to turn from green to red (Sync lost) and stay red for at least 10 seconds. The RF level at which the sync is lost is the RDS Sync Stability Level.

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4.2.4. RDS Sync Time Test

This test measures the time required to establish the RDS Sync.




c. Select stereo modulation


ii. Set Stereo Mode = Left Only.




vi. Set Pilot = ON.


viii. Set RDS = ON.


x. RDS State = ON




xiv. ARI State = OFF


2. Using the Audio GUI make sure that sync is established (RDS button turns green). Wait for at least 10 seconds after the sync is established. Measure the sync time from GUI display (RDS Sync … ms text box)

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5. MPX Test Procedures

This section covers testing the tuner’s MPX output performance for suitability in receiving VICS service. Thistesting will use the same configuration testing FM performance. MPX is output via the left analog audio output DACat the LOUT pin and can be accessed via the LOUT at the audio (just as left channel audio is access in FM testing).

Note: Take care not to use the ROUT output for MPX testing.

5.1. MPX Tuner Testing Calibration During MPX testing power combiner and cable losses must be calibrated and factored into each measurement.The calibration is performed by setting the Generator#1 at 83 MHz and 0 dBm and measuring the RF power at theDUT. The calibration factor is either programmed as an offset to the generator or manually compensated duringmeasurement. All the levels specified in this document are the levels that should be set at the DUT.

5.2. MPX Tuner ConfigurationThe default power up configurations for MPX tuner can be used for the tests. During initialization, the user shouldselect the Output Mode of the Audio GUI as MPX Audio. This Configure LOUT for MPX and disable ROUT.

Table 4. MPX Tuner Test Equipment

Test Equipment

Sensitivity Audio Output Voltage Audio SNR Frequency Response

Rohde & Schwarz UPV Audio AnalyzerRohde & Schwarz SMB + Stereo/RDS Signal Generator #1USB Power Supply*

*Note: You can power up the EVB through two Agilent E3646A Power Supplies.

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5.3. MPX Tuner Test Procedure5.3.1. MPX Output Voltage Level

Output voltage level is measured as an RMS value with a modulation frequency of 76 kHz (VICS servicefrequency) under the below conditions.



b. Set Analyzer Bandwidth to 80 kHz.

c. Set Filter Bandwidth = BP 3%.

d. Set Units = VRMS.

e. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 76 kHz.



b. Set FM Deviation = 3 kHz. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).



4. Audio level (VRMS) = measured VAUDIO0 from Audio Analyzer

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5.3.2. MPX Audio Frequency Response

MPX audio frequency response is measured as a dB value in relation to a 1 kHz test tone. The measurements mayvary, but typically the difference is measured at 76 kHz (the VICS tone) at a minimum. Silicon Labs measures thedifference at 65, 76, and 85 kHz. The measurement below is repeated for each of these frequencies and comparedto 1 kHz.



b. Set Analyzer Bandwidth to 250kHz.

c. Set Filter Bandwidth = BP 3%.

d. Set Units = dBV.

e. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz.



b. Set FM Deviation = 7.5 kHz. Set Source = LFGEN (internal).



4. Audio level (dBV) is displayed. Note the output at 1kHz, then repeat the above procedure by setting the audio analyzer Frequency Mode to measure a FIX frequency and the generator’s LFGEN frequency tone for:

a. 65 kHz

b. 76 kHz

c. 85 kHz

5. Compare each measurement to the audio level for 1kHz to determine the MPX audio frequency response.

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5.3.3. MPX SNR

The signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver, under specified conditions, is the ratio of the audio frequency output voltagedue to the signal to that due to random noise.



b. Set Measurement Mode = NOISE.

c. Set Units = dB.

d. Fundamental = 76 kHz fixed.


f. Set Frequency Limit Upper = 80000 Hz.




c. Set FM Deviation = 3 kHz. Set source = LFGEN (internal).




4. Record SNR (dB) = – Noise (dB) (from analyzer).

5.3.4. MPX Sensitivity

MPX Sensitivity of a receiver is a measure of its ability to receive weak signals and produce an MPX output at the76 kHz VICS frequency of usable magnitude and acceptable quality. For the purposes of our testing, sensitivity isthe minimum RF level required to produce an audio output with a specified signal-to-noise ratio of 5 dB.


a. Function: THD+N/SINAD.

b. Measurement Mode = NOISE.

c. Fundamental = 76 kHz fixed.

d. Filter = OFF.



g. Set Unit = dB.




c. Set FM Deviation = 3 kHz.

d. Set Source = LFGEN (Internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 76 kHz.



4. Adjust generator #1 RF level, VRF0, until audio analyzer NOISE = –5 dB. Sensitivity (dBµV) = VRF0.

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APPENDIX A—SETTING PROPERTIES USING THE AUDIO GUI

The properties can be set using Audio GUI in two different ways: using property window or register map. To changeproperties using the property window:

1. Launch Audio GUI and initialize the tuner.

2. Launch the properties window from menu Window Properties.

3. In the property Category, user can select individual categories or FM:All (AM:All, WB:All, etc).

4. Select the desired category and property and change the value.

5. Observe the Property address and changed property value (In the example below Blend Fast Stereo Separation was changed to 40 dB that changes property 0x3501 to 0x2800).

Alternately the user can change the property values using the register map:

1. Select from the menu Window Register Map.

2. Select CMD Set_Property (0x13).

3. ARG2 is the 8MSBs and ARG3 is the 8LSBs of the property address (e.g. property address 0x3501, ARG2 = 0x35, ARG3 = 0x01). ARG4 is the 8MSBs and ARG5 is the 8LSBs of the property value (e.g., property value 0x2800, ARG4 = 0x28, ARG5 = 0x00).

4. After setting the values in the window, press Send Command.

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APPENDIX B—READING IMAGE OFFSET SIDE USING THE AUDIO GUI

The rsq_status can be read using the Audio GUI to determine the status and values of different chip parameters.The following example shows How to read the injection side for AM Image Rejection Test.

1. Initialize the chip in AM mode.

2. From Tools menu, select Register Map. This will launch the register map window.

3. In CMD drop down box, select Am_Rsq_Status (0x42).

4. Press the button Send Command.

5. Mask RESP2 with 0x04. (In the example, 0x10 would be masked with 0x04, resulting in 0x00). If the resulting value is 0, the image offset is negative. Otherwise, it is positive.

Initialize chip in FM mode and follow the same procedure to determine FM Image Offset Side.

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APPENDIX C—READING RDS INFORMATION USING THE AUDIO GUI

1. Launch audio GUI and tune the desired Frequency

2. From the Window Menu, select RDS Receive Data. This launches the RDS window

3. In the RDS window, the RDS button turns green when RDS sync is established. Wait for at least 10 seconds after sync turns green to make sure that the sync is stable.

4. The Error Rate and Syc Time are displayed in the window.

5. After changing any RF input level to the RDS receiver, please press the Reset button to re-acquire data.

6. Wait for at least 25 sec before reading the Error Rate. There are two Error Rates displayed, After Tune and After Sync. The two values should show same value after waiting for 25 seconds.

DisclaimerSilicon Laboratories intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Laboratories products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "Typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Laboratories reserves the right to make changes without further notice and limitation to product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Silicon Laboratories shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied herein. This document does not imply or express copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products must not be used within any Life Support System without the specific written consent of Silicon Laboratories. A "Life Support System" is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Silicon Laboratories products are generally not intended for military applications. Silicon Laboratories products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons.

Trademark InformationSilicon Laboratories Inc., Silicon Laboratories, Silicon Labs, SiLabs and the Silicon Labs logo, CMEMS®, EFM, EFM32, EFR, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, "the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers", Ember®, EZLink®, EZMac®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, DSPLL®, ISOmodem ®, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, SiPHY®, USBXpress® and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Laboratories Inc. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders.

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Si477X EVALUATION BOARD TEST PROCEDURE 1. Introduction … · This document describes the test...

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