“SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE...
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Transcript of “SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE...
![Page 1: “SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE CHANGE” Joaquim Goes and Annette Decharon Originally presented.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c805503460f94937cb5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE CHANGE”
Joaquim Goes and Annette DecharonOriginally presented 12 April 2014
![Page 2: “SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE CHANGE” Joaquim Goes and Annette Decharon Originally presented.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c805503460f94937cb5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
This E2C focuses on the Arabian Sea, west of India and east of the Horm of Africa
http://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/indian.htm
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The Indian Ocean
• Smallest, youngest, and physically most complex of the three major oceans
• Approximately 1/5th of total ocean area
• 10,000 km (6,200 mi) between Africa and Australia
• Deepest spot is the Sunda Deep in the Java Trench (7,450 m/ 24,442 ft)
• Marginal seas include the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, gulfs of Aden and Oman, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, and Arabian Sea
![Page 4: “SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE CHANGE” Joaquim Goes and Annette Decharon Originally presented.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c805503460f94937cb5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Arabian Sea
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Arabian_Sea_map.png
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Monsoons
• Regional weather dominated by the “monsoons”
• Seasonal reversals of wind producing “wet” and “dry” seasons
• Controls economies of Southeast Asia, parts of Africa, and even parts of the USA
• Long used by mariners to travel across the Indian Ocean
• Sailors used the winds and currents of the “Northeast” and “Southwest” monsoons in trade routes for centuries.
![Page 6: “SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE CHANGE” Joaquim Goes and Annette Decharon Originally presented.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c805503460f94937cb5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Summer Monsoon – “Wet Season”
• Generally Apr – Sep• Rising warm air over
inland mountains bring moist air from SW Indian Ocean
• Torrential rains, often flooding
• Vital for agriculture and hydroelectric power
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/monsoon/?ar_a=1
![Page 7: “SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE CHANGE” Joaquim Goes and Annette Decharon Originally presented.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c805503460f94937cb5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Winter Monsoon – “Dry Season”
• Oct to Apr • Winds blow from
northeast, originating above Mongolia and northeastern China
• Himalayas block cool air, keeping coast warm
• Banyan trees bent by strong monsoon winds
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/monsoon/?ar_a=1
![Page 8: “SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE CHANGE” Joaquim Goes and Annette Decharon Originally presented.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c805503460f94937cb5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
World Ocean Currents
http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/IntroOc/notes/figures/images/fig2a2.gif
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http://www-pord.ucsd.edu/~ltalley/sio210/Indian/11circ.gif
![Page 10: “SHRINKING SNOWCAPS AND RISING TIDES – THE RESPONSE OF THE ARABIAN SEA ECOSYSTEM TO CLIMATE CHANGE” Joaquim Goes and Annette Decharon Originally presented.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649c805503460f94937cb5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
West and East India Countercurrents
http://iri.columbia.edu/~lareef/tsunami/indianoceancurrents.gif
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The Himalayas
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The Other Piece of the Situation
• Youngest, highest mountains on Earth
• Stretch 2400 km/1500 mi across India, China, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Butan, and Nepal
• Three parallel ranges
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The Himalayas and Monsoons
• Monsoon patterns are connected with the Himalayas
• LDEO Tree Ring Lab researchers have conducted extensive investigations in Nepal and adjacent regions
https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/tree-ring-laboratory/tree-ring-research/nepal/the-monsoon-over-himalayas
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Uplift of the Himalayas “Sparked” Monsoons in SE Asia
• Uplift began about 50 million years ago as “India” collided with “Asia”
• “Continental-continental plate boundary”
• Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) investigated the onset of monsoon patterns in the 1990s
• “From Mountains to Monsoons” CD-ROM was one of the first educational efforts
http://odplegacy.org/outreach/cdroms.html
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Modern Observation Techniques--TRMM
• TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) is a NASA-Japan satellite that has been of the utmost value in monitoring precipitation in 30 o N- 30 o S
• Monsoon rainfall in Queensland, Australia
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/features/AustraliaMonsoon.html
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NWS Climate Prediction Center
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Global_Monsoons/Global-Monsoon.shtml
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North American Monsoons
• Monsoons rainsalso affect the Southwest
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Global_Monsoons/American_Monsoons/
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When winds blow in certain directions, they may cause upwellings which move surface off-shore, bringing nutrient-rich water up, or downwellings which move water toward the shore and then downward, reducing bio-productivity.
http://www.iupui.edu/~g115/assets/mod10/updownwell_lg.jpg