SHORT-LIVED AND SMALL SCALE THE FIRST HIGHSTAND OF MIS

T. Bardají (1), A. Cabero

(2)

(1) Dpto. Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871(2) Facultad de Ciencias, UNED. C/ Senda del Rey s/n. 28040(3) Dpto. Geología; Museo Nal. CC.Nat., CSIC. José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006(4) Dpto. Estratigrafía, Fac. CC. Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040(5) Dpto. Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Salamanca. Pza. de la Merced, s/n. 37008(6) Dpto. Geología, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ávila, Universidad de Salamanca. Avda. Hornos Caleros, 50. 05003(7) Dpto. Geología, ETSI Agrónomos, Univ.Politéncia Resumen (Fluctuaciones cortas del nivel del mar durante el highstand más cálido del MIS5e):morfosedimentarias del MIS5e, tanto en las costas españolas como en muchas otras a escaimportantes variaciones del nivel del mar a lo largo de dicho interglaciar. En diferentes localidades del Mediterráneo occidehan identificado tres highstands del nivel del mar, interrumpidas por bajadas de menor españolas, se han diferenciado estos tres highstands en puntos desde Almería hasta Alicante, así como en Islas Baleares. En lque se refiere a fluctuaciones menores del nivel del mar dentro de un determinado higMarina (Alicante) para el segundo highstand del MIS 5e. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados preliminares obtenidos pael primer highstand del MIS 5e, caracterizado por el desarrollo de sistemas de playa/oscilaciones de menor escala temporal. Palabras clave: Grietas poilgonales en arenas; unidades oolíticas; cambios del nivel del mar; Pleistoceno superior.Key words: Polygonal sandcraks; oolitic

INTRODUCTION

Climate during MIS 5e shows a marked variability (Fronval and Jansen, 1997; McManus et al., 2002; Tzedakis et al., 2003; Martrat et al., 2004; Oppo et al., 2006; Milner et al., 2013; Kandiano et al., 2014, etc.), with significant worldwide sea(Plaziat et al., 1998; Schellmann et al., 2004; Schellmann and Radtke, 2004; Dumas et al., 2006; Hearty et al., 2007; Rohling et al., 2008; Accordi et al., 2010; Woodroffe & Webster, 2014; etc.western Mediterranean the number of highstands during MIS 5e, is still a matter ofcoastal records from Spain, three hisghtands have been identified by means of morphosedimentary features (see synthesis in Zazo et al., 2003)coastal caves from Mallorca, two highstands were distinguished by phreatic overgrowths on speleothemes (POS) (Ginés et al., al., 2006) although more recently (Polyak et al., 2015) sea level has been described as stable during MIS 5e on the basis of these POS. In Italy, recent studies (Amorosi et al., 2014; Carboni et al., 2014) also support a fluctuating sea level during MIS5e, pointing to two high sea stands, althoughmany other authors only support the occurrence of one highstand during MIS5e in western Mediterranean (Ferranti et al., 2006; Antonioli et al., 2006). Along the Mediterranean coasts of Peninsula, a general synthetic sequence of MIS5e units has been identified on the basis of geomorphological mapping, morphosedimentary analysis, and faunal content, and supported by Useries dating (Zazo et al., 2003). Three units bearing Senegalese warm fauna developed between and �117 ka (Hillaire-Marcel et al., 1996). The first highstand is characterized by oolithic beachbeach barrier – lagoon systems, the second one biosiliciclastic beach – dune systems and the third

XIV Reunión Nacional de Cuaternario, Granada 2015

AND SMALL SCALE FLUCTUATIONS OF SEA LEVEL DURING HIGHSTAND OF MIS 5e IN SOUTHEASTERN IBERIAN

PENINSULA

(2), C. Zazo

(3), J. Lario

(2), C.J. Dabrio

(4), J. Goy

(5), P.G. Silva

(6)

(1) Dpto. Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares.

, UNED. C/ Senda del Rey s/n. 28040-Madrid. Dpto. Geología; Museo Nal. CC.Nat., CSIC. José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006-Madrid. Dpto. Estratigrafía, Fac. CC. Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 28040-Madrid (Spain).

Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Salamanca. Pza. de la Merced, s/n. 37008-SalamancaDpto. Geología, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ávila, Universidad de Salamanca. Avda. Hornos Caleros, 50. 05003Dpto. Geología, ETSI Agrónomos, Univ.Politéncia de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria. 28040-Madrid.

Resumen (Fluctuaciones cortas del nivel del mar durante el highstand más cálido del MIS5e):morfosedimentarias del MIS5e, tanto en las costas españolas como en muchas otras a escala global, revelan la existencia de importantes variaciones del nivel del mar a lo largo de dicho interglaciar. En diferentes localidades del Mediterráneo occidehan identificado tres highstands del nivel del mar, interrumpidas por bajadas de menor amplitud. En el caso concreto de las costas españolas, se han diferenciado estos tres highstands en puntos desde Almería hasta Alicante, así como en Islas Baleares. En lque se refiere a fluctuaciones menores del nivel del mar dentro de un determinado highstand, tan solo se han identificado en La Marina (Alicante) para el segundo highstand del MIS 5e. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados preliminares obtenidos pael primer highstand del MIS 5e, caracterizado por el desarrollo de sistemas de playa/duna oolítica, en los que se identifican oscilaciones de menor escala temporal.

Grietas poilgonales en arenas; unidades oolíticas; cambios del nivel del mar; Pleistoceno superior.oolitic units; sea-level changes; Late Pleistocene.

Climate during MIS 5e shows a marked variability and Jansen, 1997; McManus et al., 2002;

Tzedakis et al., 2003; Martrat et al., 2004; Oppo et al., 2006; Milner et al., 2013; Kandiano et al., 2014,

sea-level changes Plaziat et al., 1998; Schellmann et al., 2004;

ann and Radtke, 2004; Dumas et al., 2006; Hearty et al., 2007; Rohling et al., 2008; Accordi et al., 2010; Woodroffe & Webster, 2014; etc.). In

the number of highstands a matter of debate. In the

hree hisghtands have s of morphosedimentary

(see synthesis in Zazo et al., 2003). In two highstands were

distinguished by phreatic overgrowths on speleothemes (POS) (Ginés et al., 2005; Tuccimei et al., 2006) although more recently (Polyak et al., 2015) sea level has been described as stable during MIS 5e on the basis of these POS. In Italy, recent studies (Amorosi et al., 2014; Carboni et al., 2014)

evel during MIS5e, , although data from

many other authors only support the occurrence of one highstand during MIS5e in western Mediterranean (Ferranti et al., 2006; Antonioli et al.,

Along the Mediterranean coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, a general synthetic sequence of MIS5e units has been identified on the basis of geomorphological mapping, morphosedimentary analysis, and faunal content, and supported by U-series dating (Zazo et al., 2003). Three units bearing

alese warm fauna developed between �135 Marcel et al., 1996). The first

highstand is characterized by oolithic beach-dune or lagoon systems, the second one by

dune systems and the third

one is represented by poorlyimbedded in a reddish matrixMillenial scale sea level fluctuations have been described for the second highstand of MIS5e in locations of the Mediterranean Spanish littoral(Dabrio et al., 2011), but highstand, which is usually represented by dune development (see review in Bardají et al., 2009). Oolithic foreshore/backshore environments are observed in very few sites, where tpolygonal sandcracks is proposed here indicator of small, possibly sea level during this first warmest highstand of MIS5e. LOCATION

Three oolithic sequences have been revisited and analysed (Fig. 1): El Playazo (Almería(Murcia) and Calblanque (Murcia). The three of them have been considered among the best examples of well preserved oolithic dune systems form the Last

Figure 1. Location of studied sequences

XIV Reunión Nacional de Cuaternario, Granada 2015

FLUCTUATIONS OF SEA LEVEL DURING 5e IN SOUTHEASTERN IBERIAN

(6), E. Roquero

(7)

Alcalá de Henares. teresa.bardaji@uah.es

Madrid (Spain). Salamanca

Dpto. Geología, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ávila, Universidad de Salamanca. Avda. Hornos Caleros, 50. 05003-Ávila. Madrid.

Resumen (Fluctuaciones cortas del nivel del mar durante el highstand más cálido del MIS5e): El análisis de las unidades la global, revelan la existencia de

importantes variaciones del nivel del mar a lo largo de dicho interglaciar. En diferentes localidades del Mediterráneo occidental se amplitud. En el caso concreto de las costas

españolas, se han diferenciado estos tres highstands en puntos desde Almería hasta Alicante, así como en Islas Baleares. En lo hstand, tan solo se han identificado en La

Marina (Alicante) para el segundo highstand del MIS 5e. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados preliminares obtenidos para duna oolítica, en los que se identifican

Grietas poilgonales en arenas; unidades oolíticas; cambios del nivel del mar; Pleistoceno superior.

one is represented by poorly-sorted boulders imbedded in a reddish matrix.

scale sea level fluctuations have been described for the second highstand of MIS5e in other locations of the Mediterranean Spanish littoral Dabrio et al., 2011), but never for the first oolithic

which is usually represented by dune (see review in Bardají et al., 2009).

Oolithic foreshore/backshore environments are observed in very few sites, where the presence of

is proposed here as an small, possibly short-lived, fluctuations of

first warmest highstand of MIS

Three oolithic sequences have been revisited and analysed (Fig. 1): El Playazo (Almería), Cope Basin (Murcia) and Calblanque (Murcia). The three of them have been considered among the best examples of well preserved oolithic dune systems form the Last

Figure 1. Location of studied sequences

Interglacial. The preservation is due to their location in three protected natural Parks (Cabo de GataCabo Cope-Puntas de Calnegre y Calblanquede las Cenizas-Peña del Águila), what have preserved the sedimentary sequences to be destroyed by the human impact and urban pressure. METHODOLOGY

The presence of polygonal cracks in mudsediments is considered a rare feature given the lack of cohesive strength between these particles. However, polygonal sandcracks have been recently described (Glumac et al., 2011) in Holocene and modern dune and beach oolithic backshore deposits from Bahamas. These authors explain the development of the polygonal cracks by the uniform size and shape of these ooids sands, that allows a homogeneous distribution of water around the grso when desiccation these continuous films of water breaks into isolated capillary films, in suchstress generated by surface tension promotcontraction and cracking of the sands in a polygonal pattern. We have found this structures in the upper/ backshore of MIS 5e oolithic deposits selected sections: El Playazo, Cope and Calblanque, displaying a different morphosedimentary distributionof oolithic units, which we interprete as caused by small-scale sea level change (Fig. 2).

DATA Calblanque (Murcia)

Calblanque presents one of the bestexamples of fossil dune systemsMediterranean Spanish littoral. Up to four different units covering from Last Interglacial to the active present ones have been described (Baena et al., 1981; Bardají et al., 2011). At least two different oolithic dunes

Figure 2. Development of polygonal sandcracks as a consequence of small-scale sea level drop

Figure 3. Disposition of successive oolithic dune units with development of

XIV Reunión Nacional de Cuaternario, Granada 2015

Interglacial. The preservation is due to their location Cabo de Gata-Níjar,

Puntas de Calnegre y Calblanque-Monte , what have

preserved the sedimentary sequences to be destroyed by the human impact and urban pressure.

The presence of polygonal cracks in mud-free sandy sediments is considered a rare feature given the lack of cohesive strength between these particles. However, polygonal sandcracks have been recently

in Holocene and modern dune and beach oolithic backshore deposits from Bahamas. These authors explain the development of the polygonal cracks by the uniform size and shape of these ooids sands, that allows a homogeneous distribution of water around the grains, so when desiccation these continuous films of water

, in such a way that by surface tension promote the

contraction and cracking of the sands in a polygonal

We have found this structures in the upper-foreshore / backshore of MIS 5e oolithic deposits in the three

l Playazo, Cope and Calblanque, morphosedimentary distribution

of oolithic units, which we interprete as caused by

best-preserved examples of fossil dune systems in the

p to four different units covering from Last Interglacial to the active

have been described (Baena et al.,

At least two different oolithic dunes have been

distinguished, with development of sandcracks on the transition to foreshore of the first oolithic dune. The second oolithic dune displays an offlapping disposition over it, (Fig. 3). Soil development evidences stops in aeolian activity, however these soils have not yet been studied and they must be interpreted within the sea level history for this site. Cope (Murcia)

In Cope basin, at least three different oolithic foredune units have been distinguished, but only in the lower one we have been able to identify the upper foreshore/backshore facies with a few specimens of Strombus buboniussandcraks develop on top of thoverlapped by a second oolithic dune El Playazo (Almería).

racks as a

. Disposition of successive oolithic dune units with development of polygonal sandcracks in betwee

Figure 4. Polygonal sandcracks in MIS5e deposits from Cope

Figure 5. Polygonal sanbdcraks in backshore deposits from oolithic MIS 5e unit in El Playazo (Almería)

XIV Reunión Nacional de Cuaternario, Granada 2015

development of polygonal transition to the backshore/upper

oolithic dune. The second oolithic dune displays an offlapping disposition over

oil development within dune systems activity, however these

soils have not yet been studied and they must be interpreted within the sea level history for this site.

least three different oolithic units have been distinguished, but only in one we have been able to identify the

facies with a few Strombus bubonius in it. Polygonal

on top of these facies being overlapped by a second oolithic dune, (Fig. 4).

polygonal sandcracks in betwee

MIS5e deposits from

Figure 5. Polygonal sanbdcraks in backshore deposits from oolithic MIS 5e unit in El Playazo (Almería)

This is one of the few sites in Cabo de Gata area, where the upper foreshore outcrops over the present mean sea level. In this site, polygonal sandcracks are developed on the backshore/dune similar disposition than Cope section. INTERPRETATION

We interpret this distribution of sedimentary facies as a consequence of a small-scale shortchange. Polygonal sandcracks consequence of a rapid desiccation process in the upper foreshore/backshore (Fig. 2), are overlap or offlap disposition) by a new generation of

dunes developed under a slightly sea level, (Fig. 6). A main characteristic of these oolithic shoals is thelow slope angle, so any small variation of sea levelcan cause noticeable lateral shifts in sedimentary facies. Having this into account, we suggest that a sea-level drop not higher than 1 –the facies distribution observed in the analysed sequences. CONCLUSSIONS First MIS 5e highstand in Mediterranean coasts of Iberian Peninsula is characterized by the development of oolithic foredune/beach systems, with few outcrops of foreshore/backshore environments above present mean sea level. Identification in some of these outcrops sandcracks in the upper fosreshore/backshore facies of MIS 5e oolithic units, together with the analyses of facies superposition have been used as indicators of small-scale sea level variations. At least two different units have been identified suggesting that sea level during first highstand of MIS 5e was not as steady as previously thought. Facies distribution in the analyzed sequences to a sea level position slightly higher, but the present one at the beginning of this highstand, followed by a small-scale drop of sea level. we cannot discard that these changes are related to climatic changes, implying a shift towards more dry conditions that could result in a desiccation process and consequently the development of polygonal sandcracks. Acknowledgements: This work has been Spanish research projects: CGL2012

Figure 6. Interpretation of morphosedimentary disposition of units under the sea lvel point of view

XIV Reunión Nacional de Cuaternario, Granada 2015

This is one of the few sites in Cabo de Gata area, where the upper foreshore outcrops over the present mean sea level. In this site, polygonal sandcracks are

facies (Fig. 5), in a similar disposition than Cope section.

We interpret this distribution of sedimentary facies as short-lived sea level

olygonal sandcracks created as a desiccation process in the (Fig. 2), are covered (in

overlap or offlap disposition) by a new generation of

slightly lower position of

A main characteristic of these oolithic shoals is their ny small variation of sea level

can cause noticeable lateral shifts in sedimentary Having this into account, we suggest that a

– 1.5m can cause the facies distribution observed in the analysed

in Mediterranean coasts of Iberian Peninsula is characterized by the development of oolithic foredune/beach systems, with few outcrops of foreshore/backshore environments above present mean sea level.

in some of these outcrops of polygonal upper fosreshore/backshore facies

together with the analyses of used as indicators of

At least two different units have been identified g that sea level during first highstand of

MIS 5e was not as steady as previously thought. in the analyzed sequences points

slightly higher, but not far, than the present one at the beginning of this highstand,

drop of sea level. However we cannot discard that these changes are related to climatic changes, implying a shift towards more dry conditions that could result in a desiccation process and consequently the development of polygonal

This work has been supported by Spanish research projects: CGL2012-33430 (CSIC),

CGL2012-3781-CO2-01 (USAL) and CGL2013(UNED), and it is a contribution to INQUA CMPLong Term Sea-Level Changes910198 References

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