SHMS: SMART HOME MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Group 21, Senior Design, Feb 14, 2014

Sponsored by Duke Energy Senior Advisor: Dr. Samuel Richie Team Members: Danny Aybar, Oswaldin Azor, Loc Nguyen, Levener Samedi

Problem • Power bills only give consumers a look at

•  Monthly power usage •  Power usage for the entire house

• Standby Power •  Entertainment systems consume power when turned off, including

gaming systems, computers, and almost every other modern device

•  Research in leading G8 countries shows that Standby power consumes 8 to 12 percent of a home power bill* •  France – 7% •  US – 10% •  Japan – 12% *The Economist, 2006

•  For the average person •  45+ hours at work (8 hour work day, 1 hour break time) •  45+ hours of sleep (7 hours per night) •  90+ hours of the 168 hours in a week

•  72.5 Billion kWh used in houses in the US a year •  Roughly 7 billion kWh are wasted

•  At national average of .12 cent per Kwh •  840 Million dollars wasted by consumers each year

Smart Home Management System •  Equipped with motion sensors to detect

motion to turn on/off lights •  Measures the power being consumed in

real time by an appliance plugged into an outlet

•  Allows manual or automatic shutdown of an outlet by Android powered devices and a web server

•  Records and stores power usage history on a database

•  Allows consumers to better change power consumption habits by giving a visual incentive

•  Includes solar panel to charge the battery

Specifications & Requirements Req. ID Requirement

01 The microcontroller shall draw no more than 1 mA while in sleep mode

02 The temperature sensor shall have an accuracy of +/- 5 degrees F

03 The infrared sensors shall cover a range of 30 ft. with a field of vision covering at least 90 degrees

04 The Bluetooth connectivity shall have a range of at least 10 meters

05 The data storage shall account for at least 24 hours worth of power and temperature data

06 The solar panel shall provide at least 20 Wh of power under 1 kW/hr solar radiation

07 The battery shall be able to be fully recharged from a discharged state in 4 hours timeframe

Hardware Design Solar Panel Charge

Controller Battery Power Inverter

Outlets Lights Fan

Microcontroller

Motion Sensors

Bluetooth Module

Android App

Router/ Access Point Website

Microcontroller – EKS-LM3S8962 § TI Stellaris 32-bit MCU § ARM Cortex-M3 § 50-MHz Operating Frequency § 256 KB single-cycle flash § 64 KB single-cycle SRAM § 10-bit A/D Converter § 10/100 Ethernet MAC/PHY § UART, SPI, I2C

Microcontroller Comparisons Texas Instruments

EKS-LM3S8962 Texas Instruments

MSP430 Atmel

XMEGA-D4 Operating Voltage 3.3 V 1.6 – 3.6 V 1.6 - 3.6 V

Programmable GPIO’s 42 16 34

Data Width 32-Bit 16-Bit 16-Bit

A/D Converter Resolution

10-Bit 500ksps

10-Bit 200ksps

12-Bit 200ksps

Flash Memory 256 KB 16 KB 128 KB

Bluetooth Module – RN-42 § Bluetooth v2.0+EDR § Operating Voltage: 3.3V - 6V § Power Consumption:

•  26 µA in sleep mode •  3 mA connected •  30 mA transmitting

§ Embedded Bluetooth Stack § On-board chip antenna § UART interface

Hall-Effect Current Sensor – ACS714 § Bidirectional input current

•  From -5 A to +5 A

§ Low-resistance current path •  About 1.2 mΩ

§ 5 V operation § Linear output voltage

•  2.5 V output @ 0 A •  Sensitivity: 185 mV/A

§ High Accuracy §  ±1.5 % error @ ambient

temperature

Obtaining RMS Current from Hall Sensor § Given:

•  Vout is output voltage of Hall sensor •  Sensitivity = 0.185 V/A •  Vcc = Vref = 5 V •  10-bit ADC provides 1024 counts

§ Then: •  𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡= 1024/𝑉𝑐𝑐   𝑥  𝑉𝑖𝑛 •  𝑉𝑖𝑛=   𝑉𝑐𝑐/2 +(0.185  𝑥  𝐼) •  𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡=   1024/𝑉𝑐𝑐   𝑥  (𝑉𝑐𝑐/2 +(0.185  𝑥  𝐼))

§ Therefore: •  𝐼=0.0264  𝑥  (𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡  −512)

Selecting a Relay Type • Types of relays considered:

• Electromechanical Relay (EMR) • Solid-State Relay (SSR)

• Chose SSR instead of EMR • Lower power consumption • No magnetic interference • Higher isolation voltage • Smaller form factor • No moving parts (quiet)

Electromechanical Relay

Solid-State Relay

Solid State Relay – Sharp S108T02 § 8 A max output current § 125 VAC output voltage § 3.0 kV input/output isolation § Zero-crossover Switching § Low profile

§  Single Inline Package (SIP)

Relay Comparisons Sharp

S108T02 Panasonic AQH3213

Crydom SDV2415

Supply Voltage 5 Vdc 5 Vdc 3.5-10 Vdc

Max. Load Current 8 A 1.2 A 1.5 A

Operating Voltage Up to 125 VAC Up to 200 VAC Up to 280 VAC

Isolation Voltage

3,000 Vrms 5,000 Vrms 3,750 Vrms

Package Type SIP DIP DIP

Passive IR Motion Sensor – SE-10 ITEM SPEC. UNIT COND. Sensor Type Dual Elmt.

Housing TO5

Element Size 2X1 mm

Spacing 1 mm

Responsivity Min. Typ.

3.2 4.0

xv/w 7…14mm, 1Hz, 100°C

Match Max. <10 % 7…14mm, 1Hz, 100°C

Noise Typ. Max.

20 50

µVp-p V

25°C, 0.4…10Hz

Effect Voltage Min. Max.

0.2 1.5

Re=47XO

Window Material Silicon, coat

Spectral Range Transmission Blocking

T>30 avg. T<0.1

% 7…14 mm <5 mm

Operating Voltage 12 V

Operating Temp. -10~40 °C

Storage Temp. -40~80 °C

Werker Deep Cycle Lead Acid Battery

Weight 28 lbs

Voltage 12V

Peak Voltage 16.8V

Max Charge Current

2Amps

Max Discharge Current

5Amps

Cut off voltage 12V

§ Light weight and higher energy density

§ Longer storage life than NiMH battery

Renogy 50W Solar Panel

21.38in 30.34in 2.97in

Weight 14.5 lbs

Rated Power 30W

Rated Voltage

17.4V

Rated Current

1.72Amps

Open Circuit Voltage

22V

Short Circuit Current

1.88 Amps

Charge Controller

Dimensions

Weight 2 lbs

Voltage Protection Rated :

12V / 24V

Rated Current 15 Amps

Efficiency 95%-97%

• Over-charging protection • Reverse discharge protection • Reverse polarity connection protection

Software Design

Transceiver System Web Application Client Side

Android App Database Web Application Server Side

Android vs iOS

Android •  It is the most commonly used

operating system for mobile devices

•  If one has experience in Java programming, he/she can create a fully functioning Android application

•  Large portion of the public use Android as their primary mobile operating system, roughly about 80% of the market

iOS •  iOS is a closed-source

operating system that is the second in term of pure users volume in the market, behind Android

•  It is typically developed in Objective-C

•  iOS environment is attractive due to the large amount of popularity amongst users

Android App – Functional Flowchart

Android App – Class Diagram

Android App GUI

Website Features

• Gives the homeowner the ability to turn on/off power outlets and lights

• Gives the homeowner the ability to monitor indoor home temperature

• Gives the homeowner the ability to track power usage throughout the home

• Gives the homeowner access to the system from a remote location

Website GUI

Website – Functional Flowchart

Website – Class Diagram

• System testing goes for both hardware and software •  It is a process that we have to go through to make sure

that the project works as it should •  For that process we have to not only test the design, we

also have to test the behavior, and event. • We want to make sure that the system meets all the

expectations •  The overall goal of system testing is to address any

inconsistencies between the integration of the hardware and software units

System Test

Project Prototype & Testing

Light turned on by the microcontroller

Temperature Sensor •  Low power consumption •  This digital temperature

sensor reading in degrees Celsius.

•  The internal temperature sensor of the microcontroller will be used to display the room temperature

•  The user can monitor the house temperature and make adjustments as needed

Two Motion Sensors • One motion sensor will

be placed in the main doorway

• Controlled by microprocessor in connection with the hardware interface module

• Second motion sensor will be connected to the microprocessor to monitor the movements inside the house

Outlets, Lights, and Fan How would they be tested? • Each room will have an outlet. When these outlets are not

in use, the microcontroller will put them on sleep mode •  The main microcontroller will send a signal to the relay to

turn it on or off • Same scenario will happen for the fan

Fan Operation • However, the fan will be operated a little bit differently •  The system will be programmed with a specific code to

run to the fan when necessary depending on the room temperature

•  If the room temperature has changed from either high to low or low to high, once the temperature level drops or increases past the threshold, the microprocessor would decide to either turn the fan on or off

PCB Manufacturer: OSH Park • Community PCB Order • 2 layer boards = $5 per square inch

•  Includes 3 copies • Ship in under 2 weeks from ordering •  Includes shipping costs

• Excellent Reviews

Project Difficulties/Concerns • Accurately measuring power factor for inductive/capacitive loads

• Becoming familiar with the TI Stellaris MCU architecture

•  Implementing the embedded web server

Part   Cost per unit (USD)   Quantity   Total Cost  

Solar Panel (100W)   199.99   2   399.98  Lead-acid Battery   119.99   2   239.98  Charge Controller   69.99   1   69.99  Power Inverter   39.99   1   39.99  LED Light Bulb   12.99   4   51.96  Fan   14.99   2   29.98  Temperature Sensor   2.49   1   2.49  Motion Sensor   10.99   4   43.96  RF Transmitter/Receiver   4.99   5   24.95  Bluetooth Module   29.99   1   29.99  Wi-Fi Module   49.99   1   49.99  Outlet   1.99   4   7.96  Relay   3.99   10   39.90  Capacitor   0.10   50   5.00  Resistor   0.05   50   2.50  LED   0.15   20   3.00  Operational Amplifier   0.50   10   5.00  Voltage Regulator   1.99   5   9.95  Microcontroller   0.99   5   4.95  Development Board   29.99   1   29.99  Printed Circuit Board   99.99   3   299.97  Hard Disk Drive   59.99   1   59.99  Wireless Router   49.99   1   49.99          TOTAL       $1,501.46  

Budget to Date Part   Cost/Unit   Quantity   Total  

Solid State Relay S108T02  

4.46   10   44.60  

Bluetooth Module RN-42  

39.95   1   39.95  

Voltage Reg. 5V  

1.25   3   3.75  

Voltage Reg. 3.3V   1.95   3   5.85  

PIR Motion Sensor   9.95   2   19.90  

Hall-Effect Sensor   9.95   4   39.80  

TI Stellaris MCU EKS-LM3S8962  

83.44   1   83.44  

Light bulb Socket   5.99   1   5.99  

Power Cord   3.29   6   19.74  

       

    Current Total:   $ 263.02  

Sponsorship:  

$ 1,500.00  

Current Progress

0 20 40 60 80 100

Overall

Testing

Prototyping

Part Acquisition

Research

Acknowledgements • We would like to thank all the people that had a part in

guiding and sponsoring us: •  Dr. Samuel Richie •  Duke Energy