SHELTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RETURN AREAS · OBJECTIVE The purpose of this assessment is to find out...

SHELTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RETURN AREAS: ADAMAWA & BORNO STATES

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this assessment is to find out the following:

- The nature of shelter needs in the areas of return

- The types of accommodation / housing used traditionally in the targeted areas

- The varying level of damage sustained by the houses of the affected population

- The demographic profile of the affected population along with the socio-economic condition

- The access to water and sanitation facilities

- The condition of the markets and access to construction materials, skilled labor and financial agents

- The capacity of the affected population for self-help and recovery

Through analysis and evaluation of information obtained from the assessment, the report aims to provide

programmatic insights for internal and external use.

The findings from the assessment will be used to feed back into ongoing projects as to the selection of areas

of intervention as well as contribute to the design and implementation of future shelter assistance targeted

at the covered population.

ADAMAWA

COVERAGE

BORNO

ADAMAWA

METHODOLOGY + DISPLACEMENT PROFILE

BORNO

No LGA RETURNEE IDP TOTAL Percentage No of HH assessed

1 Gombi 52,616 2,251 54,867 7.32 73

2 Hong 166,567 3,714 170,281 22.72 227

3 Madagali 59,957 18,355 78,312 10.45 105

4 Maiha 56,252 14,887 71,139 9.49 95

5 Michika 124,280 26,152 150,432 20.07 201

6 Mubi

(North)

97,080 10,889 107,969 14.41 144

7 Mubi

(South)

110,554 5,886 116,440 15.54 155

TOTAL = 749,440 100.00 1,000

DIKWA, 263

PULKA, 127GWOZA,

351

NGALA, 241

No LGA/LOC

ATION

Returnee IDP Total Percentage No of HH

assessed

1 Dikwa 3,226 3,453 6,679 27.05 270

2 Ngala 5,252 980 6,232 25.24 253

3 Gwoza 1,821 6,821 8,642 35.00 350

4 Pulka 480 2,661 3,141 12.72 127

TOTAL = 24,694 100.00 1,000

GOMBI, 73

MICHIKA, 214

MADAGALI, 98HONG, 210

MUBI SOUTH, 161

MUBI NORTH, 144

MAIHA, 96

5%

94%

1%

IDP Returnee Not displaced

6%

94%

0%

ADAMAWA BORNO

Less than 1month

Between 1 to3 months

Between 3 to6 months

6 months to 1year

Over 1 year

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBI SOUTH

MUBI NORTH

MAIHA

0%1%3%

17%

79%

0% 50% 100%

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALA

Less than 1 month

Between 1 to 3 months

Between 3 to 6 months

6 months to 1 year

Over 1 year

LENGTH OF STAY AT CURRENT LOCATION

INTENTION TO STAY AT CURRENT LOCATION

0%0%0%1%

83%

16%

0% 50% 100%

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBI SOUTH

MUBI NORTH

MAIHA Less than 1 month

Between 1 to 3months


6 months to 1 year

Over 1 year

No answer

0%1%8%

9%

82%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALALess than 1 month



6 months to 1 year

Over 1 year

LIVELIHOODS

ADAMAWA BORNO

74%

8%

18%

Farming Business/ Petty Trade Others

0

50

100

150

200

250


Farming

38%

Business/ Petty Trade 29%

Others 33%

0

50

100

150

DIKWA PULKA GWOZA NGALA


Only 1% of the HHs are involved with the construction trade Only 2.74% of the HHs are involved with the construction trade

- tailoring,

- civil service,

- driving of vehicles including

trucks,

- teaching,

- masonry and brick making,

- carpentry,

- being a pastor,

- humanitarian work,

- barber,

- veterinary,

- butchery,

- blacksmithing

MONTHLY INCOME + EFFECT OF THE CRISIS

ADAMAWA BORNO

2 0 0 2 0 4 0

31

27

3332

142 116 84

40

187

65176

19 24 12

Not affected Slightly affected Highly affected

8 0 2 3

108

255

57

147

102344

181


Not affected Slightly affected Highly affected

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALA0-20,000 NGN

20,000-40,000 NGN

40,000 - 75,000 NGN

75,000 -100,000 NGN

Above 100,000 NGN

No answer

0% 50% 100%

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBI SOUTH

MUBI NORTH

MAIHA

0-20,000 NGN

20,000-40,000 NGN

40,000 - 75,000NGN75,000 -100,000NGNAbove 100,000NGNNo answer

HOUSING, LAND AND PROPERTY ISSUES

PROPERTY OWNERSHIP

ADAMAWA BORNO

LAND OWNERSHIP + DOCUMENTATION

0 100 200 300

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBI SOUTH

MUBI NORTH

MAIHA

Private Ownership

Private Co-ownership

Caretaker

Other92%

2%1% 5%

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALA Private Ownership

Private Co-ownership

Caretaker

Renting

Sharer

Occupying withouth concent

Others

Yes30%

No 37%

Not availabe

29%

Other 4%

35%

24%

39%

2%

Yes No Not availabe Other

50%

9%2%

29%

2%8%

Burnt

Inherited

No formalmethod / verbal

Lost

Farming land

49%

18%

26%

6%1%

Burnt

Inherited

No formalmethod / verbal

Lost

Farming land

RENTAL ARRANGEMENTS

ADAMAWA BORNO

4%

96%

Renting Not renting

0 10 20 30 40

GOMBI

MADAGALI

MUBI SOUTH

MAIHA

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBISOUT

H

MUBINORT

H

MAIHA

Series1 0 2 3 1 35 1 0

48%

26%

12%

12%2%

Below 1,000

Over 1,00o to 2,000

Over 2,000 to 3,000

Over 3,000 to 5,000

Over 5,000 81%

12%

7%

Formal rentalagreement

Informal /Verbalagreement

No answer

1%

99%

Renting Not- renting

0 1 2 3 4 5

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALA


Series1 4 1 3 2

As regards to the monthly rent paid by the HHs, the

rent ranged from 1,000 NGN to 6,000 NGN.

4 out of the 10 families reported that they had a

formal rental agreement, while 6 of the families

reported having informal or verbal agreements.

CHANGE OF LIVING SPACE

ADAMAWA BORNO

DISTANCE FROM ORIGINAL HOUSE

Living in the same

house91%

Not in the same

house9%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Nearby (within walking distance)

In the same ward (but not walkingdistance)

In the same LGA, but different Ward

In a different LGA, but within the state

In a different State

57%

43%Same houseas before

Not the samehouse

0% 50% 100%

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALATraditional House(Adobe / Mud brick)

Masonry Building(Blocks/ bricks)

Emergency/Transitional Shelterby an agency

In open / publicspace0% 50% 100%

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBI SOUTH

MUBI NORTH

MAIHA Traditional House(Adobe / Mud brick)

Masonry Building(Blocks/ bricks)

Emergency/Transitional Shelterby an agency

317

42

18

18

19

Nearby (within walking distance)

In the same ward (but not walkingdistance)

In the same LGA, but different Ward

In a different LGA, but within the state

In a different State

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

HOUSING CONDITION

FLOOR

ADAMAWA BORNO

FRAME

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Other / No answer

Concrete

Compact Mud

No floor

31%

34%

34%

1%

0% 50% 100%

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALA

No floor

Compact Mud

Concrete

Other / No answer

6%

41%52%

1%

0% 50% 100%

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBI SOUTH

MUBI NORTH

MAIHA

Pole

Timber

Concrete Column

Brick Column

Other

13%

74%

8%

3% 2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALA

Pole

Timber

Concrete Column

Brick Column

Other

8%

30%

30%

26%

6%

WALL

ADAMAWA BORNO

ROOF

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBI SOUTH

MUBI NORTH

MAIHA Grass /Thatch

Mat (Zana)

Bamboo / reed

Timber

Mud brick / Mud

Burnt Brick

Cement block

3%2%1%0%

62%

8%

24%

0 50 100 150 200 250

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBI SOUTH

MUBI NORTH

MAIHA

Grass/Thatch

Iron/Zinc sheets

No answer

Aluminium roofing

6%

86%

2%6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALAGrass /Thatch

Mat (Zana)

Bamboo / reed

Timber

Mud brick / Mud

Burnt Brick

Cement block

Plastic Sheeting

1% 1% 1%0%

39%

18%

39%

1%

0% 50% 100%

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALA

Grass/Thatch

Iron/Zinc sheets

Plastic sheet

Aluminium roofing

4%

86%

3%

7%

TOTAL NO OF ROOMS

ADAMAWA BORNO

2 to 321%

4 to 5 25%

6 to 10 39%

Over 10 15%

32%

33%

29%

6%

2 to 3

4 to 5

6 to 10

Over 10

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT

CATERGORIES

CATEGORY 4

Completely damaged

with bullet holes, serious

failure of walls; Partial

structure failure of roof

and floor, Hong

CATEGORY 3

Failure of structural

elements, damage to

walls 25%,

Madagali

CATEGORY 2

Doors and/or

windows need to be

replaced, damage to

brickwork 10%, Mubi

South

CATEGORY 1

Bullet holes on the

external walls but not

penetrated inside and

Hairline cracks in very

few walls. Fall of small

pieces of plaster only,

Gombi

1

2

23

2

3

1

13

4

12

12

23

11

1

2

3

19

3

1

2

18

2

16

0

1

2

1

9

13

13

14

12

74

14

4

49

50

49

49

50

13

99

44

0

0

5

11

28

56

1

4

44

26

4

0

26

30

0

3

0

2

26

45

0

32

49

0

0

4

5

5

1

2

6

16

8

11

10

25

7

3

14

13

9

11

13

4

99

78

0

0

0

43

24

131

0

4

124

138

87

80

17

132

15

3

2

1

4

1

0

0

4

0

5

21

115

129

0

11

18

112

20

109

37

94

6

1

39

93

57

93

3

2

84

85

26

20

2

18

7

13

35

4

21

13

1

15

21

16

0

7

2

2

3

0

3

0

8

Bullet holes on the external walls but not penetrated inside

Damage to glass or locks on windows and doors

Light fire damage evident

Hairline cracks in very few walls. Fall of small pieces of plaster only

Fall of loose stones from upper wall in very few cases

Bullet holes penetrated walls

Doors and/or windows need to be replaced

Toilets and wash areas unusable

Damage to brick work or wall 10%

Damage to flooring and plastering 10%

Fire damage evident

Cracks in many walls

Rafters exiting but roofing sheet partially uprooted


Damage to flooring and plastering around 25%

Significant fire damage evident

Any structural damage

Large and extensive cracks in most walls

Rafters exiting but without roofing sheet

Partially or completely collapsed roof

Severe damage to flooring/ walls (50% or more )

Both partially damaged roof and walls

Partially or completely collapsed roof / Severe damage to flooring/ walls (50% or more )

GOMBI MICHIKA MADAGALI HONG MUBI SOUTH MUBI NORTH MAIHAALL CATERGORIES - ADAMAWA

ALL CATERGORIES – BORNO

220

113

180

40

201

52

97

101

155

175

184

222

159

151

151

152

162

201

151

214

107

51

15

30

45

41

3

15

46

14

36

32

34

51

0

46

35

25

9

51

6

75

85

20

67

138

108

10

10

151

152

76

81

209

71

3

89

97

220

82

63

5

119

232

349

96

72

54

16

7

96

77

60

62

26

52

28

5

113

87

83

53

7

10

90

81

150

Bullet holes on the external walls but not penetrated inside

Damage to glass or locks on windows and doors

Light fire damage evident

Hairline cracks in very few walls. Fall of small pieces of plaster only

Fall of loose stones from upper wall in very few cases

Bullet holes penetrated walls

Doors and/or windows need to be replaced

Toilets and wash areas unusable


Damage to flooring and plastering 10%

Fire damage evident

Cracks in many walls

Rafters exiting but roofing sheet partially uprooted


Damage to flooring and plastering around 25%

Significant fire damage evident

Any structural damage

Large and extensive cracks in most walls

Rafters exiting but without roofing sheet

Partially or completely collapsed roof

Severe damage to flooring/ walls (50% or more )

Both partially damaged roof and walls

Partially or completely collapsed roof / Severe damage to flooring/ walls (50% or more )


NO OF HABITABLE ROOMS

ADAMAWA BORNO

No habitable

room 24%

At least one habitalbe

room 12%

2 habitalbe rooms 22%

3 habitable rooms 16%

4 habitable rooms 10%

5 habitable rooms

5%

More than 5 habitable

rooms 11%

43%

19%

19%

8%

5%

2% 4%

AVAILABLE RESOURCES FOR REHABILITATION

81%

1%

1%

2%

0%

8%

4% 3% Land

Cement

Tools

Timber

Joinery

Wall materials (Bricks/ blocks)

Roofing materials (Zinc / ALsheet)

Nothing

Land 63%Cement

6%

Tools 3%

Timber 6%

Joinery 5%

Wall materials (Bricks/ blocks)

11%

Roofing materials (Zinc / AL

sheet) 6%

Nothing 0%

ACCESS TO OTHER SERVICES

ACCESS TO MARKETS

ADAMAWA BORNO

96%

4%

Yes

No

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

GOMBI

MICHIKA

MADAGALI

HONG

MUBI SOUTH

MUBI NORTH

MAIHA

Yes

No

93%

7%

75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100%

DIKWA

PULKA

GWOZA

NGALA

Yes

No

0

50

100

150

200

250

300


By foot

By Keke

By trucks/ cars /pick-ups

By bicycle

By motorcycle

By donkeys540

180

156

1

111

125

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

By foot

By Keke

By trucks/ cars / pick-ups

By boat

By bicycle

By motorcycle

AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

ADAMAWA BORNO


HHs reporting availability 235 126 112 117

Percentage reporting availability 89.30% 99.20% 31.90% 48.50%

Type of construction material

avaialble

Timber Timber Timber Timber

Zinc Sheet Zinc

Sheet

Zinc Sheet Zinc Sheet

Cement Cement Cement Cement

Nails Nails Nails Nails

Blocks Blocks Blocks

Paint Iron bars Paint

Tools Tools

60%

GOMBI MICHIKA MADAGALI HONG

MUBI

SOUTH

MUBI

NORTH MAIHA

52 132 89 89 0 9 43

Timber Timber Timber Timber Nails Cement

Cement Cement Cement Cement Tools Nails

Nails Nails Nails Nails Zinc Sheets

Zinc Sheets Zinc Sheets Zinc Sheets

Zinc

Sheets Poles

Blcoks Blcoks Blcoks Paint Tools

Sand Sand Sand

Poles Poles Poles

Tools Tools Tools

Iron bars

Paint

41.2%

AVAILABILITY OF SKILLED LABOUR

ADAMAWA BORNO

76.9% 83%

MASON

Daily Rate Times mentioned Areas/ LGAs

500 3 Pulka

800 7 Pulka Ngala

900 10 Ngala

950 11 Ngala

1,000 40 Pulka Ngala

1,500 36 Pulka Ngala Dikwa

1,800 16 Dikwa


2,500 329 Pulka Ngala Dikwa Gwoza

3,000 84 Pulka Gwoza

3,500 63 Gwoza

4,000 10 Gwoza

4,500 1 Gwoza

5,000 1 Gwoza

CARPENTER

Daily Rate Times

mentioned

Areas/ LGAs

800 5 Pulka

900 3 Ngala

1,000 60 Pulka Ngala


1,800 132 Dikwa

2,000 191 Pulka Ngala Dikwa Gwoza

2,500 127 Pulka Ngala Gwoza

3,000 134 Pulka Ngala Gwoza

3,500 8 Gwoza

4,000 10 Gwoza

4,500 4 Gwoza

5,000 1 Gwoza

AVAILABILITY OF FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS

ADAMAWA BORNO

0% 22%

GOMBI MICHIKA MADAGA

LI

HONG MUBI

SOUTH

MUBI

NORTH

MAIHA

Yes 29 118 0 57 0 9 11

No 44 96 98 153 161 135 85

Total 73 214 98 210 161 144 96

%

reporting

FSP

40% 55% 0% 27% 0% 6% 11%

Name of

FSPs

First

Bank

Microfin

ance

Bank

First

Bank

Microfina

nce Bank

Standar

d Micro

Finance

Bank

Gudusis

a

Microfin

ance

Biyama

Microfin

ance

Bank

Sky Bank

Unity

bank

UBA

Sky

Bank

Postal

Service

RECOMMENDATIONS

The transitional shelter kit of the Shelter Working Group

(https://www.sheltercluster.org/nigeria/documents/nigeria-transitional-

shelter-kit-contents) is considered a potential response to these kind of

rehabilitation works to be carried out, containing CGI sheets, plain GI sheets,

different sizes of timber and nails and an assortment of tools, to be

supplemented by a cash grant. This can be a good start for basic repair.

https://www.sheltercluster.org/nigeria/documents/nigeria-transitional-shelter-kit-contents

The package does not allow for major rehabilitation but enables repairing partial elements of heavily damaged houses,

especially considering the fact that majority of the families live in compounds that contain many rooms. However, the initial

repairs enables families to live within the enclosed areas of the homes despite other damages to the structure. This allows

families to carry out further repairs in the future of the remaining area, according to their socio-economic position and at

the time most suited to their recovery process.

Thorough and detailed market assessment and assessment of financial service providers need to be conducted before

intervening with any Cash Based Intervention to the affected community. In addition, the availability of construction

materials and skilled labour.

HLP issues does not come across as a hindrance, at least from the findings of this assessment and in the assessed areas, as

majority of the houses are inhabited by the owners.

Discussions need to be initiated based on further assessments carried out after piloting the transitional shelter kit as to the

contents of the in-kind package as well as the amount for cash grant. For example, since majority of the houses in the

assessed areas are either mud houses or mud-brick houses, brick making molds can be part of the in-kind package, with

training as a complementary guide. Also, the cash grant can be customized according to LGAs depending on the price of

construction materials.

Efforts should be made to synergize shelter response with other sectors in order to ensure that the conditions for long-

term stay are in place.

THANK YOU

Nadia TITHI

Programme Manager (Shelter)

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

Mobile: +234(0)9062282411

Email: [email protected]

http://www.iom.int/

mailto:[email protected]

SHELTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RETURN AREAS · OBJECTIVE The purpose of this assessment is to find out...

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Transcript of SHELTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RETURN AREAS · OBJECTIVE The purpose of this assessment is to find out...