Sheep value chains in Menz Gera district, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Results of a rapid value chain...
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Sheep value chains in Menz Gera district, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Results of a
rapid value chain assessment
Beneberu TeferraMulti-stakeholder Workshop for Targeting Action Research on Small
Ruminant Value Chains in EthiopiaAddis Ababa, 14th-15th March 2013
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Methodology• Study area: Menz Gera Midr district• 283 km away from Addis.
• Districts Area Km2 = 1,644.32• Population = 121,676.00• Altitude range = 2800 – 3100 masl
• Farming system - mixed crop-livestock production system
• Crop production (District level,2012)
• Major crops grown are barley (52%),
wheat (23%), beans (15%) and
others (10%)
• Livestock population (District level,2012)
• Sheep= 200676• Goats = 63542
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Study area -Menz Gera Midr
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Methodology cont…For PRA study 2 Kebeles and within each kebele 15 (12M+3 F) representative producers were selected
Age, sex, wealth and educational level were considered
Sheep traders of the district were interviewed
Hotels, butchers and supermarkets, and export abattoir (at Addis) were also interviewed
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Core functions in sheep value chain, activities and actors
5- Core functions in sheep value chain.
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Input supply Input supply for sheep production includes supply of breeding rams, veterinary
drugs and services, feed and credit.
Breeding rams The major breed available in the study area is the local breed - Menz breed and
few awassi cross. Generally the source of rams is the producer’s own flock and breeding is through
natural mating.
Animal health service the most important diseases affecting sheep are foot rot, fasciola, pasteurellosis
and sheep pox. One veterinary clinic for three kebeles and only one veterinarian expertise
working with shortage of drugs and inadequate transportation.
Animal feed Sources of animal feed in the area are natural grazing, hay, crop residues and oats
and vetches. Some improved forage planting materials such as phalaris grass and tree lucerne
have been supplied by the District Agricultural Office.5
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Production
Sheep - the main source of income to meet the household’s immediate cash needs and they protect other household assets.
Farmers produce sheep primarily for sale and occasional slaughter at home for household consumption.
The average flock size maintained by households in the study area is about 20 sheep
Sheep flock size trend- increasing - due to increasing demand for sheep meat.
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Production cont…
The proportions of sheep used for household consumption and for market are about 15% and 50% respectively.
The remaining (35%) is the breeding stock.
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15%
50%
35%
Proportions of sheep utilization
Household consumption
Marketing
Breeding stock
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Seasonal distribution of feed resources relative to the rainfall pattern
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Marketing
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yearling ewe fattend/ castrated0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
700
900
1450
825
1100
1600
Price of major type of sheep at different markets (birr)
farm gatedistrict market
Sheep type
Pric
e in
bir
r
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Proportion of animals sold by farmers to different type of market actors
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Big traders10%
Small trade
rs30%
Collectors10%
Brokers10%
Ho-tels/Butch
ers10%
Indi-vid-ual
con-sume
r20%
Farmers10%
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Marketing cont…
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Big traders Small traders Collectors Brokers Hotels/Butchers Individual consumer Farmers
Yearly 1025 1000 950 975 1075 1200 1100
Ewe 1050 1000 900 820 950 950 900
Fattened/ castrated 1600 1500 1200 1250 1525 1500 NaN
100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
Price variation for different sheep type by different type of actors
Price
in b
irr
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Processing and consumptionButcheries slaughter sheep and supply for domestic consumption in the form of raw/ roasted meat.
Hotels and restaurants slaughter sheep mainly to prepare dishes in different forms.
sheep are mainly consumed by domestic consumers either in the form of processed meat from hotels/butchers and at home.
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Sheep market routes at North Shewa connected to Addis Ababa
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Producers Primary Mkt Secondary Mkt Tertiary Mkt
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Sheep VC actors and major channels
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Identified channels for sheep
marketing
CH 1- Sheep purchased for
breeding/ fattening purpose by
farmers
CH 2- Sheep purchased by hotels
and individual consumers in the
study areas
CH 3- Sheep transported to Addis
Ababa butchers , supermarkets
and consumer markets
CH 4- Sheep slaughtered at
Modjo export abattoirs (Luna)
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Costs and margins of actors in a market channel selling sheep to export abattoirs, butchers and supermarkets
Export abattoirs Butchers Super markets
Producers selling price (Birr/head) to d/t actors 800 1450 1200
Selling price (Birr/head) 1360 2280 1795
Marketing cost (Birr/head) 87 61 96
Marketing margin (Birr/head) 335 580 245
Net margin (Birr/head) 248 520 149
Producer's share of final price (%) 59 64 6715
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Opportunities for sheep Value chain
An increasingly high demand for sheep meat in local markets
Government's commitment and support to increase export of meat
The establishment of Livestock Development and Health Agency
Individuals engaged in fattening practice
Farmers Awareness increasing
Increase in number of export abattoirs
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Suggested interventions and implementation strategiesStages of value chain
Challenges Suggested interventions Implementers Time horizon
Input supply Shortage of improved rams, Community based genetic improvement, - Woreda office of agriculture
- D/B research center
- ICARDA/ILRI- Farmers
medium term
Shortage of forage seeds timely delivery of seed, improving seed production
- Woreda office of agriculture
- D/B research center
- Farmers
Short term
Shortage of drug supply Provision of sufficient revolving fund for drug purchases
- Woreda office of agriculture
- ICARDA/ILRI
Short term
Shortage of manpower, equipment and transportation at vet health posts
Strengthening health posts (manpower, vet equipment, transportation)
- Woreda office of agriculture
- ICARDA/ILRI
Short term
Credit - high interest, group collateral
Strengthening credit and saving associations in terms of finance and management
- Woreda office of agriculture
- Woreda Cooperatives promotion office
- ICARDA/ILRI
Short term
Land shortage Renovation of grazing land, feed development, maintaining optimum and productive sheep flock
- Woreda office of agriculture
- D/Birhan ARC
Medium term
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Stages of value chain
Challenges Suggested interventions Implementers Time horizon
Production Low feed quality Over sowing with improved varieties, feed treatment, supplementation with high nutritious feed, developing improve feed varieties
- Woreda office of agriculture
- D/Birhan ARC- Farmers
Short term
Diseases (fasciola, pasteurellosis and sheep pox.)
Provision of Regular vaccination and treatment, Strengthen health post, Training more CAHWs for remote villages
- Woreda office of agriculture
- D/Birhan ARC- ICARDA/ILRI- Farmers
Short term
Traditional feeding practices
Training farmers and DAs in improved feeding methods such as Best Cost Ration Formulation and feeding
- Woreda office of agriculture
- D/Birhan ARC- ICARDA/ILRI
Short term
Low performance level of local breed
Promoting Community based Genetic improvement program
- Woreda office of agriculture
- D/Birhan ARC- ICARDA/ILRI
Medium term
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Stages of value chain
Challenges Suggested interventions Implementers Time horizon
Marketing Lack of reliable source of market information
Link with National Livestock Market Information System and
Devise mechanisms of delivery system
- Woreda offices of agriculture, marketing and cooperative promotion
- D/Birhan ARC- ICARDA/ILRI
Medium term
Poor livestock marketing infrastructure. (Poorly constructed marketing yards, lack of facilities such as vet clinics, watering and feeding troughs, loading and unloading ramps etc.)
Construction of well-designed livestock marketing yard with all the necessary facilities
- Amhara Bureau of Agriculture- Woreda administration, - Offices of marketing and
cooperative promotion
Long term
High cost of transportation due to rough road network
Road development Amhara Regional Government (road authority)
Long term
Unlicensed ( informal) traders and brokers negatively influencing the proper marketing environment
Enforcing the government rules and regulation on business registration and licensing.
Coaching the market operation and taking action on unlicensed actors
Woreda office of customs and revenue
Woreda Office of marketing and cooperative
Short term
Double taxation
There is double taxation –at d/t checkpoints as traders cross regional boundaries to reach terminal markets
Create multi stakeholder platforms involving Federal, regional and local level administrators, customs authorities, traders and other to discuss on such cross cutting issues and come up with solutions
Federal and regional customs and revenue authorities
Regional bureaus of agriculture and livestock agencies
ICARDA/ILRI (facilitation)
Short term
In adequate training (Skills and knowledge) on sheep production and marketing
Provision of training on sheep production and management for producers, DAs and Woreda SMSs
- Woreda office of agriculture
- D/Birhan ARC- ICARDA/ILRI
Short term
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Stages of value chain
Challenges Suggested interventions Implementers Time horizon
processing
Inadequate local market
Awareness creation on slaughtering, meat quality,
Searching for new market,
District Office of marketing and cooperative
Short term
Consumption
Low quality animals supplied to the market
Awareness creation, introducing and strengthening community based sheep improvement programs.
- Woreda office of agriculture
- D/Birhan ARC- ICARDA/ILRI
Medium term
Inconsistent supply of animals
Improving the production of sheep through community based sheep improvement program
Improve linkage among the sheep value chain actors,
- Woreda office of agriculture
- D/Birhan ARC- ICARDA/ILRI
Medium term
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Conclusion
Farmers sell their best animals to meet household expenses, to settle social obligations and to
purchase food items during severe drought.
Coping strategies to alleviate the food shortage during severe drought season through credit
etc. need to be devised to ease pressure on the sheep enterprise.
This would provide scope for more retention of good quality animals for breeding purposes
and this could reap long-term dividends in terms of animal performance
Household level sheep fattening management is common and involves an extended period
using generous inputs.
The strong seasonality of demand for sheep represents an opportunity to focus short-term
fattening to produce animals in the appropriate condition to coincide with periods of peak
prices.
In the smallholder systems farmers have to be equipped with new knowledge that can enable
them improve the management and storage of crop residues and proper supplementation with
forage legumes, 21
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Recommendations
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Interventions need to be matched to the household flock holdings and be aimed at improving breed quality within small household flocks.
Research needs to provide information on efficient and economic utilization of the available resources to improve the traditional fattening practice.
There is a need to provide timely and reliable market information to enhance informed decision making by farmers
Support the private sector actors willing to invest in sheep and feed production by availing appropriate information including the costs and benefits production.
Interventions in the improvement of pastures and fodders, over-sowing pastures with forage legumes, using multi-purpose trees and establishing fodder banks