Secret Sharing Schemes Based on Minimum Bandwidth Regenerating Codes
Sharing Normal Bandwidth during a Failure
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Sharing Normal Bandwidth during a
Failure
Rajarshi Gupta, Eric Chi, Jean Walrand{guptar, echi, wlr}@eecs.berkeley.edu
University of California, Berkeley
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Background Backup paths are necessary in many
networking scenarios
We look at : Provisioned paths (normal and backup) with
guaranteed bandwidth Protection against one failure Path Protection (vs. link/span protection)
Examples: Optical, MPLS
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Outline
Related Work Key Idea
Centralized Algorithm Distributed Algorithm
Analysis Results
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Shared Protection Path
Disjoint normal paths can share backup bandwidth
C
B
GD
A
E F
Bandwidth on path C-E-F-G is shared by backup paths of both A-B-G and C-D-G
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Related Work
Kodialam, Lakshman (2000) SCI and SPI
Liu, Tipper, Siripongwotikorn (2001) Matrix formulation to characterize SPP
Qiao, Xu (2002) DPIM-SAM and DPIM-MA
Several other work in the area of Optical, ATM and G/MPLS networks
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Key Idea Can even share normal bw during failure
Upon failure, all traffic goes away from normal path (C-D-F-G)
The bandwidth on D-F may then be used for backup traffic (C-E-D-F-B)
C GD
A
E
F
B
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Notation
Flow is characterized by (src, dst, bN, bB) bN = normal bandwidth bB = backup bandwidth
Each link stores quantities BT(j) = total bandwidth on link j BN(j) = normal bandwidth on link j BB(j) = backup bandwidth on link j Available bw BV(j) = BT(j) – BN(j) – BB(j)
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Enhanced State Variables
Each link also stores two vectors X(i,j) = extra bw on link i when link j fails Y(i,j) = bw that goes away from link i when link j
fails
BB(i) is the most backup traffic that link i needs to support, caused by failure at any of the other links
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Centralized Algorithm
When a new flow (src, dst, bN, bB) with normal path N and backup path B is accepted, we update
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Augmented Routing Indifferent towards chosen routing algorithm Provides better accounting of available
resources, so augments performance of any routing algorithm
Example using Dijkstra’s Algorithm Discard all links with inadequate normal bw Compute normal path using source routing Remove links used in normal path Discard links whose BV < BB (instead of BV < bB) Compute backup path on resulting graph Update link states accordingly
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Distributed Algorithm
If link i receives normal path msg
If link i receives backup path msg
Separate message (including normal path information) sent to normal and backup paths
For a load-insensitive algorithm (e.g. shortest path), distributed algorithm works as well as centralized
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Analysis of Gains
Define the following
Normal sharing recovers an amount G(i) for link i
We can upper bound G(i)
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Analysis of Gain Scenario
The upper bound can be achieved in a ring
Gains occur when
Total Gains:
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USA Topology
OC-192
OC-48
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USA Topology: Results
Primary: Least LoadedBackup: Least Loaded
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USA Topology: More results
Routing Algorithms Primary Path: Min Hop Backup Path: Min Hop
Routing Algorithms Primary Path: Min Hop Backup Path: Cumulative
Backup
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Ring Topology
OC-48
OC-12
Metropolitan Area Network
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Conclusion Key fact: even normal bandwidth may
be shared during failures
Update link states to account for sharing of both normal and backup resources Centralized Distributed
Simulation results show significant gains in network resource utilization