Shakespeare. Education in Stratford The Guild of the Holy Cross.
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Transcript of Shakespeare. Education in Stratford The Guild of the Holy Cross.
School
• 'The King's New School of Stratford-upon-Avon'.
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Schedule
• Schedule:– Summer – 6 AM-5 PM – Winter – 7 AM-4 PM– 12-2PM lunch break
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Program
• ‘Trivium' of grammar, logic, rhetoric, and the 'quadrivium' of arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy.
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Program
• The School concentrated on teaching Latin.
• Tudor text-book, Lily's Latin Grammar, served as an introduction to the works of the classical authors.
• Boys were punished if they spoke in English to one another instead of Latin.
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Sir Hugh Evans
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• Evans: What is 'lapis', William?
• William: A stone. • E: And what is 'a
stone', William? • W: A pebble. • E: No, it is 'lapis'...• W: 'Lapis'.
Evans
• E: That is a good William. What is he, William, that does lend articles?
• W: Articles are borrowed of the pronoun, and be thus declined, Singulariter, nominativo, hic, haec, hoc...
• E: What is your genitive case plural, William ? W: Genitive case?
• Evans: Ay. • W: Genitive,- horum, harum, horum.(Act 4,
Scene 1)
Curriculum
• Ovid
•Plautus•Terence• Cicero• Quintilian
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Curriculum
• Students studied and imitated the ancient masters.
• The plays of Terence and Plautus introduced the students to the conventions of Roman comedy
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Methods
• The declamation of Latin speeches from these plays was an important part of the pupils' practice of rhetoric.
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Laughter and Elizabethan Society
• Cultural Distance– Feste the clown’s lines Twelfth Night 2.3.28-9
“signposts in foreign alphabet;” if we do laugh it is for different reasons.
– Social functions of laughter • Perceptions of laughter change• Constant: laughter as a form of coping with anxiety,
embarrassment, etc.• Freud: laughter and the subconscious
Everyday laughter
• A Hundred Merry Tales (1526)• Narrative + emphasis on wit and word-play• Confrontations: town—country, English—
foreigners, educated—uneducated, men—women
• Example from Kempe: the country lass
Renaissance perceptions of laughter
• Joubert Treatise on Laughter (‘one of the most astounding actions of man’)
• Structure– Book 1: physiological description– Book 2: taxonomy
• Laughable in deed (accidental versus deliberate)– Accidental: body parts, fall (damage cannot be too
serious)– Deliberate: practical jokes, imitation
• Laughable in word (stories, wordplay)
– Book 3: effects of laughter
Inversion and Laughter
• The Lord of Misrule (source Philip Stubbes)– Election followed by an visit to the church during
which religious ceremonies were parodied– Saints whose feasts often occasioned inversionary
laughter: Nicolas, Thomas, Catherine, also Feast of Epiphany (12th Night)
• Bakhtin: – carnival spirit was separate from official
celebrations; it offered ‘a second world outside officialdom’
– Carnival laughter attacks all people, including the participants of the carnival; it often brought things to a the materialistic and bodily levels
Shakespeare
• Stubbes on Lord of Misrule: ‘Then, every one of these men… with his liveries of green, yellow of some other light and wanton colour…’
• Stockwood 1578: Morris dancers Maygames in the time of divine service… men dancing naked in nets
• Theater—the place of freedom replacing the time of freedom
Pieter Brueghel, The Battle Between Carnival and Lent
(1559)
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Carnivalesque figure, France, c.1120
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Green Man, Bamberg, c.1239 AD
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Green Man Norwich, 1415
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