Shaker for small-volume extractions
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ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 10, (1965) SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Shaker for Small-Volume Extractions’ The need for quantitative liquid-liquid extractions in l-ml tubes for determinations of mpg amounts of steroids (1)) histamine (2), etc. led to the design of a simple, highly efficient shaker capable of carrying 20 tubes at a time which would also be useful in many other small-scale methods or operations. Interchangeable holders permit a variety of vessel sizes and shapes to be used. The usual commercial shakers adapted to hold small vessels, which we have been able to test, did not have high enough fre- quency for effective use with relatively narrow tubes, nor could they handle as conveniently different types of small vessels. Extractors for small volumes have been described (3) but they too are much less con- venient for volumes of around 1 ml than the apparatus described here. For ~1 volumes in capillary tubes the centrifuge extractor (3) is probably the apparatus of choice. The mechanical drawing (Fig. 1) and photograph (Fig. 2) are essen- tially self-explanatory. A l/zc-hp, 1725-rpm, llO-volt AC, electric motor was used, and speed control was maintained by a variable transformer (Powerstat, type 116L, 0.9 max. KVA, Superior Electric CO., Bristol, Conn.). For liquid-liquid extractions a transformer setting of 58 volts (120 volts full scale) was employed to give shaking at 1100 strokes per minute through a 16’ arc. This speed effected quantitative extractions in less than 3 min in the histamine method (2). The interchangeable Lucite vessel holders (6-in. long, 34 in. high, 5/s in. wide, separable into halves on the long axis) were clamped in pairs by bolts with wing nuts as shown in Fig. 2. The holes (10 per holder) for 2 types of l-ml tube (2) were 5/1s or 3/s in. in diameter, and washers (11/1c in. in diameter) were soldered to the bottom of the bolts (l$$ in. long) to 1 Communication No. LXXVII, “Studies in Histochemistry.” Work supported by research grants GM 09227 and HE 06716, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. D. G. supported by Public Health Service research career program award, No. 5-K6-AM-l&513 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. 501
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Transcript of Shaker for small-volume extractions
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 10, (1965)
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
Shaker for Small-Volume Extractions’
The need for quantitative liquid-liquid extractions in l-ml tubes for determinations of mpg amounts of steroids (1)) histamine (2), etc. led to the design of a simple, highly efficient shaker capable of carrying 20 tubes at a time which would also be useful in many other small-scale methods or operations. Interchangeable holders permit a variety of vessel sizes and shapes to be used. The usual commercial shakers adapted to hold small vessels, which we have been able to test, did not have high enough fre- quency for effective use with relatively narrow tubes, nor could they handle as conveniently different types of small vessels. Extractors for small volumes have been described (3) but they too are much less con- venient for volumes of around 1 ml than the apparatus described here. For ~1 volumes in capillary tubes the centrifuge extractor (3) is probably the apparatus of choice.
The mechanical drawing (Fig. 1) and photograph (Fig. 2) are essen- tially self-explanatory. A l/zc-hp, 1725-rpm, llO-volt AC, electric motor was used, and speed control was maintained by a variable transformer (Powerstat, type 116L, 0.9 max. KVA, Superior Electric CO., Bristol, Conn.). For liquid-liquid extractions a transformer setting of 58 volts (120 volts full scale) was employed to give shaking at 1100 strokes per minute through a 16’ arc. This speed effected quantitative extractions in less than 3 min in the histamine method (2).
The interchangeable Lucite vessel holders (6-in. long, 34 in. high, 5/s in. wide, separable into halves on the long axis) were clamped in pairs by bolts with wing nuts as shown in Fig. 2. The holes (10 per holder) for 2 types of l-ml tube (2) were 5/1s or 3/s in. in diameter, and washers (11/1c in. in diameter) were soldered to the bottom of the bolts (l$$ in. long) to
1 Communication No. LXXVII, “Studies in Histochemistry.” Work supported by research grants GM 09227 and HE 06716, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. D. G. supported by Public Health Service research career program award, No. 5-K6-AM-l&513 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases.
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FIG. 2. Photograph of shaker with one partly filled tube holder mounted and another empty one displayed.
form flanges that fit under the base of the rocking table t,hrough slots. The vessel holders are clamped to the base by the wing nuts. The Lucite hold- ers can be drilled to provide holes for various sizes and kinds of vessels.
REFERENCES
1. GLICK, D., VON REDLICH, D., AND LEVINE, S., Endocrinology 74, 653 (1964). 2. VON REDLICH, D., AND GLICK, D., Anal. Biochem. 10, 459, this issue (1965). 3. GLICK, D., “Quantitative Chemical Techniques of Histo- and Cytochemistry,” Vol.
I, pp. 92-96. Interscience-Wiley, New York, 1961.
DAVID GLICK
WILLIAM PIERCE, JR. DOROTHYVONREDLICH
Division of Histochemistry Department of Pathology, and Fleischmann Laboratories Shop Stanford University Medical School Palo Alto, California
Received July 24,1964
