Session no. 3, 2011: Roman Engineering Machines and Mechanisms, by Gustavo Trapp
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Transcript of Session no. 3, 2011: Roman Engineering Machines and Mechanisms, by Gustavo Trapp
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Roman EngineeringMachines and Mechanisms
Gustavo Trapp3rd Session, 2011
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Roman Engineering Main Sources:
– Vitrubius (c. 80–70 BC - after 15 BC)
• De Architectura
– Pliny the Elder (23 AD – 79AD)
• Naturalis Historiae
– Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD)
• Pneumatica, Automata, Mechanica,
Main types of machines
– Siege machines
– Industrial machines
– Small mechanisms
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Siege machines
Mostly evolutions of early greek designs Ballistae (arrow throwers)
Lithobolos (stone throwers)
De Re Militari, by Vegetius, c.430-450 AD
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Siege machines
Balistae• Static
• High degree of accuracy
• Usually constructed on site
• Metal parts carried around
• 3 shots per minute
Variations• Manuballista
• Carroballista
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Siege machines
Lithobolos/Onager/Mangonel Used to throw Rocks
Burning objects
Dead animals or people
Capacity
10 to 180 lb stones
Up to 500 meters (1500ft)
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Industrial Machines Pumps Water mills Wind mills Pulley-based machines for lifting and transporting
weights Machines that convert rotary to linear motion and
vice-versa
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Roman EngineeringPumps
Rio Tinto Mine, Spain
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Lifting mechanisms
Roman Engineering
13 000 lb vs. 110 lb
Manual CraneManual Crane
Threadwheel Crane
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Roman Engineering
Machines that convert rotary to linear motion
Hierapolis, Asia Minor c. 350 AD
Stone Saw mill
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Small mechanisms Odomoter Astronomical computer Hydraulic organ
Roman Engineering
Antikhera
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Questions ?