SESSION 9 THE INTERNET AND THE NEW INFORMATION NEW INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYINFRASTRUCTURE.

SESSION 9SESSION 9

THE INTERNET AND THETHE INTERNET AND THE

NEW INFORMATIONNEW INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY

INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE

The New Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure

for the Digital Firm

Enterprise NetworkingEnterprise Networking

Creates a company-wide network Creates a company-wide network linking many smaller networkslinking many smaller networks

InternetworkingInternetworkingLinks separate networks into an Links separate networks into an interconnected networkinterconnected network

Enterprise Networking and Internetworking

ConnectivityConnectivity

Measures how well computers and computer-Measures how well computers and computer-based devices communicate and share info based devices communicate and share info with one anotherwith one another

Open SystemOpen System

information systems that use common information systems that use common standards for hardware, software, applications standards for hardware, software, applications and networkingand networking

Operate on different hardware platformsOperate on different hardware platforms

Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration

Protocol SoupProtocol Soup

Models of Connectivity for NetworksModels of Connectivity for Networks

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)Protocol (TCP/IP)

Open Systems Interconnect (OSI)Open Systems Interconnect (OSI)


(TCP/IP) Reference Model

Figure 9-2


Application

TCP

IP

Data Link

Physical layer

Application protocol

Transport protocol

IP protocol

Data Linkprotocol

Physical medium: e.g., Ethernet cable

PC-1 PC-2

PC to PC Communication using TCP/IP

RequestHTTP

TCP RequestHTTP

IP TCP RequestHTTP

Ethernet IP TCP RequestHTTP

RequestHTTP

TCP RequestHTTP

IP TCP RequestHTTP

Ethernet IP TCP RequestHTTP

InternetInternet

Follows a hierarchical structureFollows a hierarchical structureInternet backboneInternet backbone: collection of main network : collection of main network connectionsconnectionsNetwork access points (NAP):Network access points (NAP): the point where the point where several connection convergeseveral connection convergeInternet Service Providers (ISP) Internet Service Providers (ISP) connect with one connect with one another through NAPanother through NAP

• Commercial organization with a permanent connection Commercial organization with a permanent connection to Internet to Internet

• Sells temporary connections to subscribersSells temporary connections to subscribers

Internet Technology and Services

Client/Server Computing on the Internet

Figure 9-3


Internet AddressingInternet Addressing

Domain name:Domain name: a name that identifies a unique host a name that identifies a unique host or web sites on the internetor web sites on the internet

IP address:IP address: a unique four part numeric address for a unique four part numeric address for each computer connected to the interneteach computer connected to the internet

Domain name system:Domain name system: translation of the domain translation of the domain names into IP addressesnames into IP addresses

URL (Uniform Resource Locator):URL (Uniform Resource Locator): address that address that uniquely identifies files, web pages, images or uniquely identifies files, web pages, images or other type of documents that resides on the other type of documents that resides on the InternetInternet


Analysis of an Internet Address

Figure 9-4


Electronic Mail (E-Mail)Electronic Mail (E-Mail)Connects people worldwide Connects people worldwide

Creates productivity gainCreates productivity gain

TelnetTelnet

Network tool Network tool

Allows users to log on to one computer system Allows users to log on to one computer system while working on anotherwhile working on another

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Tool for retrieving and transferring files from a Tool for retrieving and transferring files from a remote computerremote computer


The World Wide Web

Based on a standard hypertext language called Based on a standard hypertext language called hypertext markup language (HTML)hypertext markup language (HTML)

Combines text, hypermedia, graphics, and soundCombines text, hypermedia, graphics, and sound

Handles all types of digital communication Handles all types of digital communication

Uses graphical user interfaces for easy viewingUses graphical user interfaces for easy viewing

To access a web site, the user must specify To access a web site, the user must specify uniform resource locator (URL)uniform resource locator (URL)Hypertext protocol (http):Hypertext protocol (http): communications communications standard used to transfer pages on the Webstandard used to transfer pages on the Web

Search EngineSearch Engine

Locates specific sites or information on InternetLocates specific sites or information on InternetWe page owners register their URLs with search We page owners register their URLs with search engines or spiders traverse the Web and identify engines or spiders traverse the Web and identify web pages to indexweb pages to index

Shopping BotShopping Bot

Software with varying levels of built-in Software with varying levels of built-in intelligenceintelligence

Helps electronic commerce shoppers locate Helps electronic commerce shoppers locate and evaluate products or services and evaluate products or services

Searching for Information on the Web

““Push” technologyPush” technology

A computer broadcasts information of A computer broadcasts information of interest directly to the user, rather than interest directly to the user, rather than having the user “pull” content from Web having the user “pull” content from Web sitessites

Searching for Information on the Web

FirewallFirewall

Hardware or software placed between an Hardware or software placed between an organization’s internal network and external organization’s internal network and external network network

Prevents outsiders from invading private Prevents outsiders from invading private networksnetworks

ExtranetsExtranets

Private intranets extended to authorized users Private intranets extended to authorized users outside company outside company

Intranets and Extranets

Figure 9-5

Model of an Extranet

Connectivity and global reachConnectivity and global reach

Reduced communication costsReduced communication costs

Internet telephonyInternet telephonyVirtual private network (VPN)Virtual private network (VPN)

Lower transaction costs Lower transaction costs

Reduced agency costsReduced agency costs

Interactivity, flexibility, and customization Interactivity, flexibility, and customization

Accelerated distribution of knowledgeAccelerated distribution of knowledge

Organizational Benefits of Internet and Web Technology

Support Technology for Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

Locate and manage web pages requested by the Locate and manage web pages requested by the clientclient

Include tools for authenticating the usersInclude tools for authenticating the users

Support for file transfer protocol (FTP)Support for file transfer protocol (FTP)

Capture Web site visitor information in log filesCapture Web site visitor information in log files

HitHit

• Entry into Web server’s log file Entry into Web server’s log file

• Generated by each request to the server for a Generated by each request to the server for a filefile

Web Servers and Electronic Commerce Servers

Collecting and storing data Collecting and storing data

Combining data with already stored dataCombining data with already stored data

Analyzing the data Analyzing the data

Identifying customer preferences and Identifying customer preferences and trendstrends

Clickstream tracking tools and Clickstream tracking tools and collaborative filtering softwarecollaborative filtering software

Customer Tracking and Personalization Tools


Software to facilitate collection, assembly, and Software to facilitate collection, assembly, and management of content on Web site, intranet, or management of content on Web site, intranet, or extranetextranet

Monitors time taken for downloading Web pages Monitors time taken for downloading Web pages

Identifies broken links between Web pages, Web Identifies broken links between Web pages, Web site problems, and bottleneckssite problems, and bottlenecks

Web Content Management Tool

Web Site Performance Monitoring Tool


Company with large Web server computers Company with large Web server computers maintains Web sites of fee-paying maintains Web sites of fee-paying subscriberssubscribers

The subscriber or the hosting company create The subscriber or the hosting company create the web pagesthe web pages

Col-locationCol-location: firm actually purchases and owns : firm actually purchases and owns the server computer housing its web site, but the server computer housing its web site, but located the server at hosting companylocated the server at hosting company

Web Hosting Services


Management Issues and Decisions

Loss of management controlLoss of management control

Connectivity and application integration Connectivity and application integration challengeschallenges

Organizational change requirementsOrganizational change requirements

Hidden costs of enterprise computingHidden costs of enterprise computing

Scalability, reliability, and securityScalability, reliability, and security

The Challenge of Managing the New Information Technology Infrastructure

Change managementChange management

Education and trainingEducation and training

Data administration disciplinesData administration disciplines

Planning for connectivity and application Planning for connectivity and application integrationintegration

Some Solutions

Management Issues and Decisions

SESSION 9 THE INTERNET AND THE NEW INFORMATION NEW INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYINFRASTRUCTURE.

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