Session 7 Tp 7

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure – Planning and Maintenance/ Session 7 / Slide 1 of 18

Session 7

Clustering Servers


Review NAT is included in the Routing and Remote

Access and aims to provide internet connection and protect internal resources

Location, IP Address, Rate of Data Flow, and Persistence influence the design of the NAT network

Using Routing and Remote Access filters, Address pools and special ports to permit internal resource access and VPN connections can improve security


Review Contd… We can configure the dynamic IP Address

Assignment for private network clients from the Address Assignment tab in the NAT/Basic Firewall Properties dialog box

Name Resolution is configured from the Name Resolution tab in the NAT/Basic Firewall Properties dialog box

Masquerading technique of NAT is used to increase the NAT Network Security


Objectives

Identify the types of clusters Determine the factors affecting a

cluster design Design and create a Network Load

Balancing Cluster Design and create a Server Cluster


Clustering Clustering is a process that interconnects multiple

servers to give a single server functionality Clustering provides fault tolerance and load

balancing Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to continue

normal operation in the event of a hardware or software failure

Load Balancing is the process of dividing the processing load among a group of servers to reduce the processing overload of a single server

Windows Server 2003 supports two types of cluster: Server Clusters Network Load Balancing Clusters


Types of Cluster

A server cluster is designed for database servers such as Microsoft SQL Server, email and messaging servers such as Microsoft Exchange, and file and print services

Each server in the cluster is called a node and is connected to a common data set such as a storage area network

Each node in server cluster behaves as either an active node or a passive node

An active node receives and processes client requests A passive node functions only when an active node

fails.The passive node is idle at all other times.


Types of Cluster Contd… Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, and

Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition, support up to eight nodes in a server cluster

Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster is used for applications whose data sets do not change frequently or are read-only

Such applications include Web, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Virtual Private Network (VPN) servers

Each node in the cluster has a cloned data set instead of being connected to a shared data set


An incoming client request is divided among the nodes of the cluster. Each node processes its request independently

Windows Server 2003 operating system supports up to 32 nodes in a NLB cluster

Types of Cluster Contd…


Designing a Cluster

We must consider the following factors for designing Availability requirement – Depends on factors such

as nature and role of the applications in the organization. It also depends upon the size, location and distribution of the users of the organization.

Scaling – Enables to improve the performance of a cluster. Two ways of scaling a cluster configuration: Scaling up: Includes upgrading individual server’s hardware

configuration such as adding memory or faster processors. Scaling out: Includes addition of servers to an existing cluster.


Designing a Cluster Contd…

Number of Clusters to be created Combination of Server Cluster and NLB

clusters Geographical Distribution of the clusters


Designing a NLB Cluster We must plan the network infrastructure

before implementing a NLB cluster NLB Clusters provides two operational modes:

Unicast mode – The MAC address of the network adapter in each server is replaced with the MAC address of the virtual adapter that represents the cluster.

Multicast mode – Assigns a cluster MAC address to the physical network adapters, retaining the adapter’s original MAC address. We make use of two network interface adapters in each server.


Designing a NLB Cluster Contd… One of the adapters functions as the cluster

adapter having its original MAC address replaced by the MAC address for the cluster. The second adapter retains its original MAC address and assigned IP address.

Windows Server 2003 provides the Network Load Balancing Manager to create and manage NLB clusters


Designing Server Cluster Designing a Server Cluster includes

Planning the hardware setup of individual servers Planning the application deployment Selecting a quorum model for the cluster

Windows Server 2003, supports following types of storage connections: Small Computer System Interface (SCSI): Includes a

parallel interface used to connect storage devices and peripherals to a computer

Fibre Channel: Inlcudes a serial, high-speed data transfer architecture standard of ANSI, which is used to connect a computer to its storage devices.


Designing Server Cluster Contd…

Windows Server 2003 hosts single-instance and multiple-instance applications in a server cluster

Single-instance applications run on a single server at a time

Multiple-instance applications are duplicated on each sever in the cluster


Quorum Model Each server in a server cluster stores a copy of

the cluster database The cluster database contains information about

the cluster components such as servers, host adapters, or storage devices

When a node fails, the cluster database of that server does not store updated information

When the failed server joins back the cluster, it retrieves a latest copy of the cluster database from the quorum resource of the cluster


Quorum Model Contd… A quorum resource is the drive on which the

quorum is stored A quorum consists of the configuration

information required for the cluster recovery Windows Server 2003 supports various quorum

models such as: Single-node cluster: Denotes a cluster consisting of

one server Single-quorum device cluster: Denotes a cluster

that uses one of the shared storage devices Majority node set cluster: Used for clusters that

are distributed over different physical locations


Summary A cluster is a group of interconnected servers

that together function to provide load balancing and fault tolerance

Windows Server 2003 operating system provides two types of clustering services: Server Clusters Network Load Balancing Clusters

Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition and Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition support up to 8 nodes in a Server cluster


Summary Contd… Windows Server 2003 supports up to 32 nodes

in a NLB cluster, in all the editions. The factors to be considered while designing a

cluster include availability requirements, scaling of clusters, number of clusters, combination of cluster types and distribution of clusters

Windows Server 2003 provides Network Load Balancing Manager to create and manage NLB clusters

We can create and manage Server clusters using the Cluster Administrator

Session 7 Tp 7

Technology

Transcript of Session 7 Tp 7