Session 2 Tp 2

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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure – Planning and Maintenance/ Session 2 / Slide 1 of 32 Session 2 Network Design Solution with Microsoft TCP/IP

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Transcript of Session 2 Tp 2

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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure – Planning and Maintenance/ Session 2 / Slide 1 of 32

Session 2

Network Design Solution with

Microsoft TCP/IP

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Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure – Planning and Maintenance/ Session 2 / Slide 2 of 32

Network Services Infrastructure design depends on the execution of three phases that are plan, implement, maintain.

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model defines a networking framework for implementing protocols.

Network services include TCP/IP, DHCP, DNS, and WINS.

The Data-Link layer protocol is a main decision taken while designing the network infrastructure.

Review

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Objectives Explain the basics of TCP/IP Define IP address, subnet mask and

default gateway Plan IP addresses Plan an IP Routing Solution Identify subnetting Identify a TCP/IP solution Identify security required for a TCP/IP

solution

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Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

IP addressing is the main tool that enables two computers to talk to each other.

TCP/IP Suite Architecture consists of: Network Interface Layer Internet Layer Transport Layer Application Layer

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Network Interface Layer Interacts with both LAN and WAN networks

LAN Network – TCP/IP supports LAN technologies such as Ethernet (Ethernet II and 802.3), ARCnet, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), and Token Ring.

WAN Network – TCP/IP supports Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) or the Point to Point Protocol (PPP). Different types of packet switched networks include X.25, Frame relay, and ATM.

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Internet Layer Contains the following protocols:

Internet Protocol (IP): Provides addresses and routes packets between networks

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP): Reports the errors that may have occurred while routing and responds with a message

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): Maps the IP address of the host to its hardware address

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP): Informs routers that specific multicast group hosts are available on a given network

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Transport Layer Manage the transfer of data between the

source host and destination host. Consist of two protocols:

Transmission Control Protocol: Establishes a session before it transmits the packet

User Datagram Protocol: Transmits small amount of data and does not provide acknowledgement for the transmission

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Application Layer Provides a window for the user to access the

network. Handles network access, data handling, flow

control, and error recovery. FTP, Telnet, SNMP, and DNS are some of the

protocols of this layer. Provides two interfaces:

The Windows Socket: Identifies a windows socket application using a unique protocol port number

NetBIOS Interface: Permits the Windows NT operating system to access resources on other NetBIOS hosts

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IP Addressing Each host in a TCP/IP network is assigned a

unique parameter called IP address to identify itself on network

There are two rules of IP addressing: The network ID must be unique to the

Internetwork. Every machine on the same network must have the same network ID.

The host ID must be unique in a particular network.

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Classes of IP Address There are five classes of IP Addresses:

Class A - Only the first octet of the IP address is used to define the network ID. The remaining three octets are used to define the host IDs

Class B - The first two octets of the IP address are used to define the network ID. The remaining two octets are used to define the host Ids

Class C - The first three octet of the IP address is used to define the network ID. The remaining only one last octet is used to define the host IDs

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Classes of IP Address Contd…

There are five classes of IP Addresses: Class D – Used for multicast purpose Class E - Reserved by the IETF (Internet

Engineering Task Force). They use these addresses to conduct experiments. This address is used to carry research to enhance Internet and related technologies.

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Subnet Mask Defines the destination of the data packet Hides the host ID of the IP address such

that only the network ID is visible All classes of IP address have a default

subnet mask

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Default Gateway Address Packets meant for a remote network, are first

sent to the local host's default gateway The default gateway is the IP address of a

router to which all the packets that are meant for a remote network are sent.

The packets are then sent from the router to other networks till they reach the destination network.

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Implementing IP Addressing

Consider the following while configuring IP addresses: All the machines in one physical network

must have the same network ID A WAN connection to connect to the

Internet requires a unique network ID for each wide area connection

The host ID represents a TCP/IP host in a network and the host ID must be unique to the network ID

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Planning IP Addresses Unregistered IP addresses along with

a NAT router or a proxy server is a best option for Internet Clients.

Registered IP address is preferred for users that must function as Internet servers. A large organization would have to acquire its own network address and assign host as required.

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Planning an IP Routing Solution

Planning an IP Routing solution involves: Creating LAN’s

Broadcast Domain Collision Domain

Creating WAN’s Using Routers Using Switches Private Network IP Addressing

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Subnets Subset of a larger network Can be created on the physical

basis or the logical basis

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Implementing Subnetting Enables to create subnets in a network Before creating subnets for our network,

consider the following: Determine the number of required subnets Determine the number of hosts per subnet

We need to calculate: Subnet Mask Unique subnet ID for each physical

segment Valid range of Host IDs for each subnet

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IP Addressing Configuration We use the following methods to

configure IP addressing: Manual Configuration Manual Configuration using DHCP Automatic Configuration using

DHCP Automatic IP addressing

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TCP/IP Security Design We can protect the data on the

network by using: IP packet filtering Data encryption Authentication IPSec Internet Key Exchange

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IP Packet Filtering Prevents protocols and ports from

entering the network to minimize the threat of unauthorized access

TCP/IP filtering enables to: Manage traffic on servers Prevent inbound traffic completely Apply filtering at the application level

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Data Encryption IPSec is used to provide

authentication and encryption of data

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Authentication Used when there is a risk of

authorized interception of data

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IPSec Internet Key Exchange

Authenticated and encrypted data exchange between users that use IPSec requires trading of security keys.

This trade between users takes place in two phases and is called Internet Key Exchange (IKE).

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Optimize TCP/IP Design We can create a base line for the

design by optimizing the following: Subnet Design IP Performance Remote Subnets Quality of Service (QoS) QoS connections

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Subnet Design Subnet Design can be optimized

by: Using variable length subnetting

to divide IP ranges Using supernetting to combine

ranges

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IP Performance TCP/IP performance is influenced by:

Receive window size - When the network delay is too high, increase the window size by editing the registry

High bandwidth requirement - When the network delay is too high, select the largest vailable bandwidth to increase performance over links

Packet loss over the network - Error and congestion at the routers cause packet loss

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Remote Subnet We must have an estimate of the

number of subnets and host addresses required to design an effective IP addressing scheme

Appropriate routes and Internet access must be configured with care for networks that contain subnets in remote locations

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QOS Connections Allocates bandwidth to specific users or

applications or services Provides bandwidth depending on the

user requirement Divides the bandwidth to enable priority

traffic and first come first server traffic Prevents overuse of network resources

by non adaptive protocols such as UDP

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QOS Connections Contd… Includes the following protocols

QoS Administration Control Service (QoS ACS)

Subnet Bandwidth Management (SBM)

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)

Traffic Control

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Summary TCP/IP protocol suite is mapped to a four-layered

model with network Interface layer Internet layer Transport layer Application layer

There are five classes of IP Addresses, namely, Class A, B, C, D, and E.

The subnet mask hides the host IP address such that only the network ID is visible. The destination of the packet is decided by comparing the subnet masks of the destination and the host subnet masks .

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Summary Contd… Default gateway is the IP Address of a router, to

which all the packets are sent to the remote network. The packets are then sent from the router to other networks till they reach the destination network.

Subnets can be created either on the physical basis or logical basis.

IP packet filtering, data encryption, authentication, and IPSec Internet Key Exchange can protect data on a network.

We must create a base line by optimizing subnet design IP performance, remote subnets, Quality of Service (QoS), and QoS connections to create an effective network infrastructure.