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Transcript of SES - Design by Analysis
7/27/2019 SES - Design by Analysis
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ses-design-by-analysis 1/4
KFJYDJQAI
[trass Aj`djaardj` [arvdkas ▯ =88-===-=;;; ▯ www.strass.kfn
I
avalfpdj` e
pekbe`a kepe-
cla fh ratedjdj`
dts s epa e tar t a
rd`frs f t a ratfrt
prf ass pfsas fja
f t a nfst k e -
aj`dj` prfc ans
hfr plestdk pekb-
`a iasd`jars.
Yma iavalfpnajt
prfkass ds hurtmar
ajkuncarai cy tma
ekt t et par fr-
nejka aa cek fj
pertdku er asd`j
fas jft fkkur ujtd e tar prf uktdfj que -
dty cfttlas meva caaj nfliai eji era evedl-
cla hfr tastdj`.
Qsuelly, tmds tastdj` rasults dj hedlura,
dk djdtdetas e prftrekta rfuj f trde -
j -arrfr ava fpnajt. E f t ds ds ep- pajdj` fj` e tar sd`jd dkejt ava fpnajt
tdna ej kepdte es caaj kfnndtta . Cy
pplydj` praidktdva ejelysds takmjflf`das
tmet ajecla tma parhfrnejka fh e ratfrt
pekbe`a iasd`j tf ca essassai cahfra pmysd-
kel senplas fr prftftypas era evedlecla, tmds
. . uej , _m.I, _.A., ds e
ajdfr Essfkdeta et [A[ . Ma
spakdeldzas dj strass ejelysds
ej asd`j hfr pekbe`dj`,
naidkel iavdkas eji plestdks.
K. E. Meyjas ds Xdka
_rasdiajt fh [A[, wdtm twf
iakeias fh axpard ajka dj tma
avalfpnajt ej usa fh
pra dktdva aj`djaardj` tffls.
Ma mes spakdel axpartdsa dj tma
eraes fh strukturel yjendks,
sfuj , ej vdcretdfj ejelysds.
[A[ _rfiukt Iavalfpnajt eji Aj`djaardj`Yakmjdkel [ardas
Iasd`j-cy-Ejelysds Iavalfpnajt fh eSatfrt-ecla _lestdk Kfjtedjar
Cy Gey W. Tuej, _m.I, _.A., eji Kldjtfj E. Meyjas
ajtdra trde - ej -arrfr ava fpnajt prfkass
idraktai et astecldsmdj` e setdshektfry struk
turel iasd`j kej ca kdrkunvajtai.
Cekb`rfujiSatfrt pekbe`dj` wes djdtdelly iavalfpai
usdj` `less eji natel. Kfjsunar djkfj vajdajka, sehaty kfjkarjs eji kfst dssua
sarva es t a `ajasds fr t a ava fpnaj
f p estdk rasdj frnu etdfjs kepec a f
sustedjdj` t a k e aj`dj` ratfrt tanpare
turas. Mfwavar, t a trejsdtdfj tf p estdk wes
7/27/2019 SES - Design by Analysis
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ses-design-by-analysis 2/4
ej ds jft wdt fut dts fwj k e aj`as. _ estdk
kfjtedjars era nuk “sf tar„ fr ass std t ej
t adr ` ess/nate kfujtarperts. Y ds pfsas e
sd`jd dkejt strukture prfc an et ratfrt kfj-
idtdfjs fh raletdvaly md`m tanparetura (33?¿H
tf 381¿H) kfncdjai wdtm ej fvarprassura
(;?psd` eji nfra) dj tma ratfrt vassal. Dh
dnprfparly iasd`jai, tma cfttla wdll anar`a
hrfn tma ratfrt parnejajtly iahfrnai. Yma
tak jdke k e aj`a fr e p estdk ratfrt pek e`a
ds tf atarndja fw tf asd`j t a kfjtedjar tf
ekkfnnf eta t a ecusas f t a ratfrt prfkass,
yat anar`a rfn t a d` -tanparetura, d` -
prassura ratfrt dj dts djtajiai smepa.
Yma ne`jdtuia fh tma iavalfpnajt kmellaj`a
ds prfpfrtdfjel tf tma tmarnel eji prassura
dstfry f t a pek e`a dj t a ratfrt. Y asa
ettrdcutas f t a prfkass era `fvarja cy t a ter`at f ve ua raqudra tf ek dava stard dze-
tdfj. Es e sapereta tfpdk, jft dskussa dj
tmds pepar, ratfrt prfkass iavalfpnajt kej ca
sd`jdhdkejtly ediai usdj` kfnputetdfjel hludi
iyjendks natmfis. Ymds epprfekm kej seva
ldja-tdna eji ultdnetaly ca djta`retai djtf tma
pekbe`a iavalfpnajt prf`ren.
Hfr purpfsas f t ds dskussdfj, dt ds essuna
t et t a ratfrt prfkass (t arne ej prassura
mdstfry) eji prfkass aqudpnajt era elraeiy
bjfwj. Ymds pepar hfkusas fj dllustretdj`
mfw e kfnputar-cesai iasd`j-cy-ejelysds
epprfekm kej ca usai tf iavalfp e ratfrt-ecla
plestdk kfjtedjar, aldndjetdj` kfstly eji tdna-
kfjsundj` trde ej arrfr ava fpnajt.
IdskussdfjDj `ajare , t ara era twf ava s f t a asd`j-
cy-eje ysds ava fpnajt nat f f f`y t et kej
ca ap fya fr t a ava fpnajt f e ratfrt-ecla plestdk pekbe`a’sdj`la pekbe`a essass-
najt eji systan laval essassnajt. Hfr e sdj`la
pekbe`a essassnajt fjly tma kfjtedjar dtsalh ds
ejelyzai. Ymds ejelysds ds hfkusai fj praidkt-
dj` tma raspfjsa fh tma pekbe`a (hfr e `dvaj
ratfrt kyk a) tf sustedja prassura d arajtde
(prassura fr vekuun) et ratfrt tanparetura.
Y a ̀ fe ds tf pra dkt cft t a rakfvarec a ej
jfj-rakfvarec a (parnejajt) a frnetdfj.
Yypdke y, e sardas f eje ysas era kfnp ata
avare`dj` t a aerjdj` rfn pravdfus eje y
sas tf ek dava e setds ektfry asd`j.
Et tma systan laval, tma kfjtedjar-tf-kfj
tedjar eji kfjtedjar-cesbat djtarektdfjs era
tebaj djtf ekkfujt eji sdnuletai. Yma dssu
fh iatarndjetdfj fh eiaqueta spekdj` tf ellfw
t a kfjtedjar tf “craet „ raa y (ra etdva tfft ar dnna deta strukturas, adt ar cftt a fr
er wera) urdj` ratfrt kyk a ds e rassa
Y a `fe ds tf d ajtd y ej evfd parnejaj
ahfrnetdfjs tmet era keusai cy “fvar-kfj
stredjt„ fh tma pekbe`a iurdj` prfkassdj`.
Es e `ajarel rula, tma prfkass fh epplydj`
pra dktdva nat f s tf ratfrt kfjtedjar asd`j
s dj twf ste`as. Djdtde y, t a wfr ds fkusa
fj t a sdj` a kfjtedjar w ara skraajdj` ke
ku etdfjs kej ca a dkdajt y kfnp ata ej e
fujietdfj fh parhfrnejka essassai. Ehtar
pekbe`a parhfrnejka mes caaj essassai eji
fptdndzai, systan laval kelkuletdfjs era neia
mara tma pekbe`a iasd`j ds h dja-tujai.
vary ratfrt-ec a p estdk pek e`a es dts fwj
a`raa f ujdquajass. Y ds ujdquajass d
ft dndta tf s epa e fja, cut e sf djk u as
plest dk netardel prfpartdas, nejuhekturdj`
prfkass, prfiukt kfjtedjs (ifas tma prfiukkfjsuna fr ralaesa `es6), maei speka vfluna
dlldj`/keppdj` prfkass (straen fr jdtrf`aj
pur`a) eji weramfusdj` sdtuetdfj. Eltmfu`m
t ds jft jakassery tf jfw avary fja f t asa
pek e`a ej prfkass ettrdcutas ca fra t a
sdnu etdfj prfkass ca`djs, t a utd dty f t a
sf utdfjs era ̀ raet y aj ejka d t a dj frne
tdfj ds evedlecla.
Yma [A[ prfkass hfr praidktdj` tma parhfr
ejka f e ratfrt pek e`a es caaj ava fpa
j epp da tf fzajs f pek e`a ej prf
kass sdtuetdfjs, ej dt fkkurs dj fur ste`as
5. Iatarndja Kfjtedjar Iahfrnetdfj
Pmaj [ucgaktai tf _rassura eji Xekuun
Djdtdelly, cftm prassura eji vekuun ejelysas
ra parhfrnai. Yma fcgaktdva ds tf astecldsm
tma ldndtdj` eji ellfwecla kfjtedjar parhfr-
Yma takmjdkel
kmellaj`a hfr
plestdk ratfrt
pekbe`a ds tf
iatarndja mfw
tf iasd`j tma
kfjtedjar tf
ekkfnnfieta
tma ecusas fh
tma ratfrt
prfkass, yat
anar`a hrfn
tma ratfrt dj dts
djtajiai smepa.
7/27/2019 SES - Design by Analysis
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ses-design-by-analysis 3/4
nejka fr prassura ej vekuun kfj dtdfjs.
Ymds elsf astecldsmas prassura eji vekuun
kfnpldejka hfr tma epprfprdeta tanparetura
rej`a.
_rassura ellfwecla ds tma prassura tmet keusas
e kfjtedjar tf meva ujekkaptecly md`m par-
nejajt iahfrnetdfj. _arnejajt iahfrnetdfj
kej ca d ajtd da cy axendjdj` t a pra dkta
stredjs/strassas ava fpa dj t a pek e`a
es e ujktdfj f t a ratfrt prfkass. Xekuun
e fwec a ds t a vekuun ava t et keusas t a
kfjtedjar tf cukbla fr “pejal.„ Dj nejy kesas
tmds ds e irdvdj` iasd`j hektfr iurdj` tma kffl-
dj` pardfi fh tma ratfrt prfkass, wmaj tma
kfjtedjar ds repdily crfu`mt ifwj tf encdajt
tanparetura. Ellfwecla lfeidj` lavals eji
kfnp dejka era kfnputa es pert f t a sdnu-
etdfj prfkass ej era d ustreta dj Hd`ura 5.
3. Iatarndja Kfjtedjar _rassura/Xekuun
Axpardajkai Iurdj` tma Satfrt Kykla
Yma prassura eji vekuun tmet e kfjtedjar
axpardajkas iurdj` e ratfrt prfkass ds ler`aly
kfjtrfllai cy tma hfllfwdj`7
Hd`ura 5. Yypdkel
plestdk kfjtedjar
prassura/vekuun
tf vfluna kmej`a
kurva p-v kurva
et e `dvaj pfdjt fh
tma ratfrt prfkass.
• dlldj` prfkass (hdlldj` tanparetura, maei-
speka, straen fr jdtrf`aj pur`a)
• atfrt prfkass (tanparetura eji fvar-
prassura sk a u a)
•_rfiukt axpejsdfj/kfjtrektdfj
• _rf ukt fxy`aj kfjsunptdfj• Maeispeka edr axpejsdfj/kfjtrektdfj
• Xepfr avepfretdfj/kfjiajsetdfj
• Kfjtedjar strukture kfnp dejka
• Kfjtedjar tmarnel fr nanfry raletai
axpejsdfj/kfjtrektdfj
Hfr e `dvaj kfjtedjar iasd`j (strukturel kfn-
pldejka) eji e `dvaj ratfrt prfkass, tma kfj-
tedjar prassura eji/fr vekuun lavals kej ca
ke ku eta cesa fj wa -astec ds a ud /`es prfpartdas. Et [A[ t ds ke ku etdfj ds ekkfn-
p ds a cy e prfprdatery prf`ren’CD_EYM
(Cftt a Djtarje _rassura Eje ysds ej Yast
hfr Mfthdll/Satfrt). Hd`ura 3 dllustretas tma
praidktai raspfjsa fh e ratfrt kfjtedjar iur-
dj` e pertdkuler ratfrt kykla. Yma kfjtedjar
parhfrnejka dllustretai dj Hd`ura 5 ds usai tf
`ajareta tmds kurva.
KFJYDJQAI
7/27/2019 SES - Design by Analysis
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ses-design-by-analysis 4/4
© 3??1 [trass Aj`djaardj` [arvdkas, Djk
;. Kfjtedjar Iasd`j Aveluetdfj
Eje ysds f Hd`ura 3 dj dketas t et e kfjtedjar
wdt t a ettrdcutas d ustreta dj Hd`ura 5 wd
meva eiaqueta parhfrnejka dj ratfrt hfr tma
jfndjel kfjtedjar eji ratfrt prfkass kfjid-
tdfjs, essundj` tma ektuel ratfrt vassal fvar-
prassura fparetas hrfn ;9 tf 9? psd` (catwaaj
tma twf vartdkel clua ldjas). Mfwavar, tf
ekkfnnf eta kfjtedjar ej ratfrt prfkass
verdecd dty, [A[ es atarndja t et e pej-
a dj` se aty ektfr ds jakassery. @dvaj t ds
e a par frnejka kfjstredjt, t a pek e`a
parhfrnejka dllustretai dj Hd`ura 3 ds jfj-
kfjsarvetdva eji wdll ldbaly hedl cakeusa fh
pejaldj` fr parnejajt iahfrnetdfj es tma
kfjtrflldj` hektfrs idskussai dj [aktdfj 3
very. ([aa twf vartdkel pdjb ldjas dj Hd`ura
3. Y a pek e`a kej fj y tf areta ratfrt vassa
fvarprassura rfn ;1 tf ;4.1 psd` kfjsd ardj`
t a se aty ektfr.)
9. Kfjtedjar Saiasd`j eji Fptdndzetdfj
Cesa fj t a rasu ts askrdca dj [aktdfj ;, dt
ds jakassery tf ra asd`j t a pek e`a tf wd aj
tma fvar-prassura fparetdj` wdjifw. Yma
ejelysds prfkaiura iaskrdcai dj [aktdfjs 5, 3
eji ; dj tmds pepar kej ca rapaetai hfr aekm
strukturel iasd`j dtaretdfj.
D ae y, t a `raetar t a kfjtedjar prassura/
vekuun e fwec a ej kfnp dejka, t a cattar
t a asd`j. Y a djkraesdj` prassura/vekuun
e fwec a wd ajec a t a kfjtedjar tf tf areta
d` ar prassura/vekuun wdt fut sustedjdj`
parnejajt ene`a. Y a djkraesdj` kfjtedjar
kfnpldejka wdll iakraesa tma prassura/vekuun
tmet tma kfjtedjar wdll axpardajka iurdj`
tma ratfrt prfkass. Mfwavar, tma kfjtedjar
prassura/vekuun ellfwecla eji tma kfjtedja
kfnpldejka fhtaj wfrb e`edjst aekm ftmar
d` ar prassura/vekuun raquajt y rasu t
dj ra uka kfnp dejka (e std ar kfjtedjar)ej vdsa varse. Nu tdp a asd`j dtaretdfjs era
jaa a tf ek dava e wa -ce ejka kfjtedjar
asd`j. Cesa fj [A[—s pest axpardajka, t raa
tf hdva iasd`j dtaretdfjs era `ajarelly suhhdkdaj
tf ekmdava tma fptdndzai iasd`j.
vary ratfrt-ec a pek e`a ds d arajt, ej t a
fur-stap prfka ura fut dja ara nust ca ted
fra tf e rass t a spakd dk jaa s f t a pek
e`a tf ca ava fpa . Y a djtajt f t ds pepar d
tf smai ld`mt fj tma takmjdkel djsd`mt `edjai cy
tma iasd`j-cy-ejelysds iavalfpnajt prfkaiur
tmet [A[ mes iavalfpai hfr ratfrt-ecla plestdk
kfjtedjars, e prfkass prfvaj tf ca her nfra
ahhdkdajt tmej tma treidtdfjel trdel-eji-arrf
pek e`a ava fpnajt.
`ura 7 Kfjtedjar prassura vekuun vs. ratfrt vassal fvarprassura
Hfr nfra djhfrnetdfj
kfjtekt [A[ et =88-===-=;;;.