September 2008 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 266 - 1 CLASS ...

September 2008 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 266 - 1

September 2008

CLASS 266, METALLURGICAL APPARATUS

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class provides for apparatus for (a) enriching metalbearing ores, (b) extracting metals from their sourcematerials, (c) refining, purifying, or otherwise treatingmolten or liquefied metals where such treatment is notelsewhere provided for, (d) melting metals, and (e)establishing desired physical or chemical properties insolid metal objects, and for subcombinations peculiar tosuch apparatus. This class also provides for methods ofoperating such apparatus where not elsewhere providedfor.

(1) Note. Patents issued prior to 1945 have notin all instances been classified by theirclaimed disclosure so the placement ofthese older patents does not necessarilyindicate lines of classification.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSESAND WITHIN THIS CLASS

While Class 266 provides for certain methods of operat-ing metallurgical apparatus, those patents which recite astep of treating an ore or molten metal or of altering theparameters effecting such a treatment, e.g., temperature,oxygen content, will not be found in Class 266, unlesssuch a method is less comprehensive than the apparatus.The methods provided for in Class 266 are merely of anoperational nature and contain no treatment steps. Theorder of superiority among various metal, alloy, andmetal stock areas and methods of manufacture involvingthem is as follows:

(1) Class 419, Powder Metallurgy Processes.

(2) Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 22-30, com-positions for treatment of solid metal.

(3) Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Com-positions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal PowderCompositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,subclasses 300, 301, and 303-329, gaseous, liquid orsolid treating compositions for liquid metal or charges,and subclass 302, welding rod defined by composition.

(4) Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Com-positions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal PowderCompositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,subclasses 228-250, consolidated metal powder compo-

sitions and subclasses 255-254, loose metal particulatemixtures.

(5) Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, claimedas products.

(6) Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 95-122, 194-287, and 500-714, in class schedule order, providing forcertain processes of treating solid or semisolid metal bymodifying or maintaining the internal physical structure(i.e., microstructure) or chemical properties of metal,processes of reactive coating of metal or processes ofchemical-heat removing (e.g., flame-cutting etc.) orburning of metal. However, if metal casting, fusionbonding, machining, or working is involved, there is arequirement of significant heat treatment as described inthe Class 148 class definition.

(7) Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 33-33.6, bar-rier layer stock material and subclasses 400-442, stock.

(8) Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated MetalPowder Compositions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, subclasses 331-341, processes of makingsolid particulate alloys directly from liquid metal andsubclasses 343-374, processes of producing or purifyingalloys in powder form.

(9) Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Com-positions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal PowderCompositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,subclasses 10.1-10.66 and 10.67, processes of makingalloys by electrothermic, electromagnetic, or electro-static processes.

(10) Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, pro-cesses of manufacture.

(11) Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated MetalPowder Compositions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, subclasses 330-773, processes of makingmetal and processes of treating liquid metals and liquidalloys and consolidating metalliferous material.

(12) Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,processes.

(13) Class 164, Metal Founding, subclasses 1-138, pro-cesses.

(14) Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 44-47, processes of operating metallurgical apparatus.

266 - 2 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS September 2008

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This list is not complete and may be added to as theproper relationship of other areas as determined.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHERCLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:29, Metal Working, subclasses 33+, for article

assembly means combined with means to met-allurgically treat the assembled article.

34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,appropriate subclasses for apparatus for con-tacting a solid with a gas not elsewhere pro-vided for. See especially subclasses 576-594for fluidized beds of granular material wherethe fluidizing agent is a treating gas.

65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses,for processes of or apparatus for glass workingor treating.

72, Metal Deforming, appropriate subclasses for amethod or an apparatus including a step of or ameans for maintaining or modifying the tem-perature of the work subjected to the metalshaping operation where (a) nominally recitedmeans are provided to alter the temperature ofthe work in some unspecified manner, (b) spe-cific heating means are provided which merelycondition the work to perfect the shaping, or(c) nominal annealing means are providedwhere the annealing is for the purpose ofrelieving work stresses or to facilitate working.

75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Composi-tions for Use Therein, Consolidated MetalPowder Compositions, and Loose Metal Partic-ulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for con-solidating metalliferous material, or extracting,refining or melting metals. See Lines WithOther Classes, above, for a list of superiority ofthis and other metal, allow, and metal stockareas.

96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus forgas separation, per se (e.g., electrostatic precip-itators, etc.). Because Class 96 is subcombina-tional in character, the combination of ametallurgical treating apparatus with a gas sep-aration means will be found in Class 266.

110, Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for furnacesof general utility, especially subclasses 235-259 for incinerators for the disposal of wastematerial, which incinerators may have struc-ture to render a molten material, including met-als, disposable. Class 266 provides for

furnaces specialized for extracting a desiredmetallic constituent from a source of suchmetal, which source could be waste material.

118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 58 through 69, for coating apparatus combined with heatingmeans for drying the coating or for effecting ametallurgical treatment, e.g., annealing, of acoated article or of an article which is about tobe coated.

122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 6.6for tuyeres cooled by a liquid circulating in aclosed path, see subclass 270 of this class (266)for a further statement of the line, and subclass7 for waste heat boilers, per se, or combinedwith a nominally recited converter and forhoods which are cooled by a liquid circulatingin a closed path.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,appropriate subclasses for metal quenchingapparatus, per se. See the search note to sub-class 134 in subclass 114 of this class (266) fora more complete statement of the line betweenthe classes.

148, Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses forprocesses of treating solid or semisolid metal tomodify or maintain the internal physical struc-ture (i.e., microstructure) or chemical propertyof metal and appropriate subclasses for pro-cesses of chemical-heat removing (e.g., flamecutting, etc.) or burning (i.e., oxidizing) of ametal workpiece. While Class 266 providesfor certain methods of operating a metallurgi-cal apparatus, it does not provide for a com-bined operation that includes subject matterproper for Class 148.

164, Metal Founding, appropriate subclasses formetallurgical apparatus combined with metalcasting means.

165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses, espe-cially subclasses 9.1 through 9.4 for air heat-ers and other heat exchange devices whichtransfer heat in an indirect manner, that isthrough a body or wall that physically sepa-rates the fluids, or which employs a heat stor-ing mass.

198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate sub-classes for conveyors or for conveyors com-bined with nominal treating apparatus, Class198 provides for cooling beds for metal bars,including those beds which have means to turnthe bars while they are being conveyed to keepthe bars straight, provided no additional treat-ing structure is claimed in more than a nominalfashion.


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202, Distillation: Apparatus, appropriate sub-classes for distilling apparatus not elsewhereprovided for. See the class definition of Class202 for a statement of the line between Class202 and Class 266.

209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,appropriate subclasses for nonchemical typesof separation employing the use of amalgamsor magnet lines of force and subclass 11 and182 for separating apparatus combined withheating means.

219, Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses, espe-cially subclasses 50 through 162 for electricheaters specialized to heat metal objects. Pat-ents which claim an electric heater combinedwith a quenching device are placed as an origi-nal in Class 266 and are cross referenced intothe appropriate heater subclass in Class 219.

222, Dispensing, subclasses 591 through 607, espe-cially subclasses 592 and 593 for ladles ortundishes used to dispense molten metals.Such dispensing vessels may include means totreat the molten metal where such a treatmentis solely ancillary to and supportive of the dis-pensing operation, e.g., spout heaters to pre-vent clogging of the vessel outlet. If othertreating structure is provided, e.g., additionalheater remote from the outlet, or if the vessel isa metallurgical furnace, the patent should beplaced in this class (266).

239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses132 through 132.5 for lances, per se, and fornozzles of general utility.

241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses65 through 67 for comminuting or disintegrat-ing means, per se, or combined with heatingmeans which do not effect a change in thechemical nature of the material being treated.

264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping orTreating: Processes, subclass 30 for methodsof forming or repairing furnace linings byshaping, e.g., molding, fluent refractory mate-rial.

373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, for fur-naces having specific electric heating means,except as noted below, or for such furnacescombined with such additional treating struc-ture, e.g., condensers, as is provided for inClass 373. Class 266 takes patents havingclaims to electric furnaces where no electricheating structure is recited and where thatstructure would be useful in other types of met-

allurgical furnaces. Class 266 also provides formetallurgical furnaces having specific electricheating means where additional means arerecited for introducing reactant materials, e.g.,tuyeres.

414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 147through 216 for the combination of a chamberof a type utilized for a heating function andmaterial charging or discharging means there-for. Specific furnace structure is included there(subclasses 147-216) only when its sole pur-pose is to facilitate the movement of material toor from the furnace.

422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, sub-classes 255 through 290 for apparatus notelsewhere provided for, for extracting inor-ganic chemical elements or compounds fromtheir source material.

423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, sub-classes 210 through 215.5 for processes modi-fying or chemically removing a component of anormally gaseous mixture which may containhazardous or toxic waste.

425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping orTreating: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses,especially subclass 222 for means to shape oragglomerate particles of ore into pellets or ballswhich may be combined with additional treat-ing means to improve or complete the shaping,e.g., heaters, other than sintering or induratingmeans, which merely dry or harden the shapedarticle, and subclass 78, for means to form andsinter a mass of powdered metal.

428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, sub-classes 544 through 687 for stock materialwhich is all metal or has adjacent metal compo-nents, especially subclasses 546-569 for suchmaterial containing metal particles.

432, Heating, appropriate subclasses for heatingapparatus of general utility. Class 432 alsotakes reheat furnaces which elevate the temper-ature of a metal object to facilitate some subse-quent treatment of the object, e.g., bending,provided that no means for providing or circu-lating a treating or protecting gas is claimed.See the search note to Class 266 in the classdefinitions for Class 432 for a further statementof the line between the two classes.

588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Con-tainment, subclasses 300 through 321 for pro-cesses for the chemical destruction of nongas-eous hazardous or toxic waste and subclass 900


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for a cross-reference art collection of appara-tus.

SUBCLASSES

44 PROCESS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Methods of operating metallurgical appa-ratus which are solely directed to those steps ofoperating such an apparatus which do noteffect a chemical or physical change in thework being treated.

(1) Note. Examples of the types of methodsto be found herein are methods of cool-ing a furnace or some part thereof, amethod of operating tuyeres in a certainsequence where no metallurgical actionis attributable to such an operation,methods of plugging furnaces and liketreating vessels not elsewhere providedfor, methods of tapping a vessel, etc.

(2) Note. Only those patents which containclaims to methods not elsewhere pro-vided for should be placed in this or theindented subclasses as either an originalor a cross-reference.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,

Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclasses formethods of treating ores extracting,refining or melting metals.

148, Metal Treatment, appropriate sub-classes for processes of treating solidor semisolid metal to modify or main-tain the internal physical structure(i.e., microstructure) or chemicalproperty of metal.

45 Plugging or tapping:This subclass is indented under subclass 44.Method for closing or opening apertures in thewalls of metallurgical apparatus.

(1) Note. An example of the type of processto be found herein is a method of operat-

ing a mud gun to seal or plug a blast fur-nace tap hole.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:271, through 273, for apparatus for plug-

ging or tapping apertures in metallur-gical furnaces.

46 Cooling:This subclass is indented under subclass 44.Method for maintaining the temperature of ametallurgical apparatus or some portion thereofwithin a desired range.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:190, through 194, and 241, for metallurgi-

cal furnaces and other treating appara-tus having means to cool suchfurnaces or apparatus.

270, for water cooled tuyeres.

47 Tuyere operation:This subclass is indented under subclass 44.Method for operating short tubular meansadapted to be mounted in wall of a metallurgi-cal apparatus for injecting fluents therein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:186, through 189, and 218-224, for tuy-

eres combined with treating vesselstructure.

265, through 270, for tuyere structure, perse.

48 MEANS FOR CUTTING SOLID METALWITH HEAT, E.G., BLOWPIPES:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device including means for severing ametal or removing a portion thereof with aflame by supplying an excess of oxygen to theheated metal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:110, Furnaces, for solid fuel burners, per

se, and particularly subclasses 260through 262 for torches which burnboth solid and liquid fuels.

148, Metal Treatment, appropriate sub-classes for processes of chemical-heatremoving (e.g., flame cutting, etc.) or


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burning (i.e., oxidizing) of a metalworkpiece.

175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, sub-classes 11 through 16 for a process ormeans for forming a hole in the earthby directly applying heat to fluidize orcomminute the material forming theearth, and particularly subclass 14 forsuch process or apparatus in which theheat is produced by combustion in aconfined chamber having a restrictedorifice.

228, Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriatesubclasses for welding apparatuswhich apply heat to the members to bebonded together.

239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Dif-fusing, appropriate subclasses, for tipsor nozzles which dispense combusti-bles where no feature or structure isrecited which specializes the tip forcutting or burning.

431, Combustion, appropriate subclasses,for a residual fuel burner, per se.

49 With waste entrapping fluid:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device including gas or liquid means for col-lecting or ensnaring refuse material generatedby the flame cutting of the workpiece.

50 Means for cutting continuously cast work-pieces:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device including means for severing or remov-ing a portion of a workpiece as it emerges froma continuous casting facility.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:164, Metal Founding, subclass 263 for a

continuous casting apparatus com-bined with means to sever the castworkpiece.

51 Means for removing surface material, e.g.,scarfing:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device wherein means are provided to cutdefects from the face of a workpiece.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 194

through 205 for processes of chemi-cal-heat removing (e.g., flame cutting,

etc.) or burning (i.e., oxidizing) whichincludes desurfacing or gouging oper-ations utilizing said chemical-heatremoving.

52 Having means to simultaneously scarf multi-ple sides of a workpiece:This subclass is indented under subclass 51.Device including a multiplicity of cuttingtorches arranged such that their flames concur-rently impinge against plural faces of an articleto remove surface defects therefrom.

53 Having workpiece-contacting cutting meansspacer:This subclass is indented under subclass 51.Device including a means adapted to engagethe face of the workpiece to position the torchmeans a predetermined distance therefrom.

54 With means for cutting tubular workpiece:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device including a means adapted to sever apipe-like article.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 194

through 205 for processes of chemi-cal-heat removing (e.g., flame cutting,etc.) or burning (i.e., oxidizing) whichincludes traversely cutting metal tubesutilizing said chemical-heat remov-ing.

55 Having torch mount secured within work-piece:This subclass is indented under subclass 54.Device wherein the torch supporting means isattached to the interior of the tubular article.

56 Having means to circumrotate torch aboutworkpiece:This subclass is indented under subclass 54.Device including means to propel the severingmeans over and around the peripheral surfaceof the tubular article.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:82, Turning, subclasses 59 through 70

for cutting implements which are cir-cumrotated about a workpiece.


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57 With means to rotate workpiece:This subclass is indented under subclass 54.Device including means to revolve the tubulararticle about its longitudinal axis.

58 With pattern control means:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device having means for storing operatinginstructions which means cause the cuttingmeans to move in a predetermined path.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses

18.1 through 45 for pattern-tracingdevices.

82, Turning, subclasses 11 through 13 and 55 for cutting implements of thetype provided for in that class com-bined with pattern-control means.

409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclasses 79 through 124 for a pat-tern-controlled milling machine. Seethe notes thereunder for additionalsearches.

59 With tape-control means:This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Device wherein the stored operating instruc-tions are contained on a ribbon-like memory.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,

subclasses 79 through 124 for a pat-tern-controlled milling machine. Seethe notes thereunder for additionalsearches.

60 With automatic line-follower means:This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Device wherein the information storing meansincludes a planer surface having a control pat-tern inscribed thereon and means are providedto scan said surface to sense and follow the out-line of the pattern.

(1) Note. Examples of devices to be foundherein are devices having photoelectricor magnetic reading heads which scanmechanical drawings to follow linesdrawn thereon.

61 With means to rotate workpiece:This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Device including means revolving the work-piece about an axis.

62 Having articulated arm supporting torch:This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Device including a means for holding the cut-ting means having a plurality of segments piv-otally joined to one another.

63 With pantograph arm means:This subclass is indented under subclass 62.Device having plural arms pivotally intercon-nected for parallel movement.

64 Having spaced, superposed templet:This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Device wherein the information storing meansincludes a patterning cam which is locatedabove and out of contact with the piece to becut.

65 With work supporting grate means:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device wherein a lattice-type surface is pro-vided which holds the article to be cut againstthe effects of gravity.

66 Hand held, work riding torch:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device wherein the torch includes means bywhich an operator can engage the torch tomanipulate and partially support the same andwherein the supporting structure is adapted totravel upon the surface of the work being cut.

67 With wheeled carriage torch mount:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device wherein the cutting means is carried bya supporting means which is provided withwheels.

68 Having work contacting torch spacingmeans:This subclass is indented under subclass 67.Device including a means adapted to engagethe face of the workpiece to position the blowpipe a predetermined distance therefrom.


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69 With work-spanning torch mount:This subclass is indented under subclass 67.Device wherein the wheeled supporting meansis adapted to extend across the workpiece, hav-ing the supporting wheels engaging surfacesadjacent to opposite sides of the workpiece.

70 Circle cutter:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device provided with means constraining thecutting means to follow an accurate path.

71 Having torch solely supported by work-piece:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device wherein the cutting means is providedwith supporting structure which is adapted toentirely rest upon and be exclusively sustainedby a surface of the work.

72 With cantilevered arm torch support:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device wherein the cutting means is supportedon a projecting structure which is supported atonly one end.

73 Having carriage-supported cantileveredarm:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Device wherein the projecting structure is inturn carried by a mobile mount.

74 Having adjuvant material feed:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device wherein means are provided to supplymaterial which will enhance the cutting opera-tion.

75 Solid material:This subclass is indented under subclass 74.Device wherein the material supplied is in theform of discrete units of hard matter.

(1) Note. Rod and bar feeders will be foundherein; likewise, means feeding a pulver-ulent or granular material will also befound herein.

76 Having torch spacing means:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device including means for controlling theposition of the cutting means with respect tothe workpiece surface in response to variations

in the distance between the cutting means andsaid surface.

77 With torch mounting means:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.Device including means adapted to affix thecutting means to its supporting means.

78 WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVETO SENSED CONDITION:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein the treating apparatus isprovided with means to regulate the operationof the apparatus which means react to meanswhich perceive a characteristic or a change in acharacteristic of either the treated material orthe treating apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:432, Heating, subclasses 36 through 49

for heating devices of general utilityhaving condition-responsive controlstructure associated therewith.

79 By treated material sampling means:This subclass is indented under subclass 78.Device wherein the control means reacts tomeans measuring a characteristic of a specimentaken from the work.

80 With analyzer or computation means:This subclass is indented under subclass 78.Device wherein (a) the control means isresponsive to means which determine thechemical composition of the treated material ora by-product of the treatment or (b) informa-tion from the sensors is fed to an informationstorage device wherein additional informationis determined, which additional information isthen utilized to control the treatment.

(1) Note. Servomechanisms, i.e., automaticcontrol devices in which the output isconstantly or intermittently comparedwith the input through feedback so thatthe error or difference between the twoquantities can be used to bring about thedesired control, are classified with theirappropriate sensing devices.

81 With means supplying a treating agent:This subclass is indented under subclass 78.Device wherein means are provided for thecontrolled addition of a solid, liquid, or gas-


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eous substance to the treating apparatus, whichsubstance then reacts with the material con-tained therein.

82 Correlated flow of diverse fluents:This subclass is indented under subclass 81.Device wherein means are provided for propor-tioning the supply of a multiplicity of streamsbased upon a condition sensed in any of thestreams or in the treating apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 87.01

through 87.06 for self-proportioningor correlating fluid-handling systems.

83 With flow rate sensor:This subclass is indented under subclass 82.Device wherein the control means is respon-sive to means which perceive the amount orvolume of the fluent flowing through the appa-ratus in a given time.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 100

through 101.19 for fluid-handlingsystems having means to sense differ-ences between the rates of flow in aplurality of correlated flow lines.

84 With means sensing moisture content:This subclass is indented under subclass 82.Device wherein means are provided which areresponsive to the perceived humidity of one ofthe streams.

85 Individual control of diverse inputs:This subclass is indented under subclass 81.Device wherein means are provided for thecontrol of a plurality of fluent-supply means,each of which has a condition-responsive flowregulating means therein, whereby the volumeor flow rate of each stream can be indepen-dently regulated in response to a sensed condi-tion.

86 By means positioning dispenser:This subclass is indented under subclass 81.Device wherein means are provided to controlthe attitude or displacement of the means sup-plying the treating agent to the treating appara-tus, e.g., a lance height control apparatus.

87 With temperature sensor:This subclass is indented under subclass 78.Device wherein the control means is respon-sive to a variation in sensible heat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity

Regulation, appropriate subclasses forcontrol systems employing thermo-stats and other heat-responsiveswitches.

337, Electricity: Electrothermally or Ther-mally Actuated Switches, appropriatesubclasses for temperature-respon-sive switches.

374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, sub-class 125 for a radiation thermometerwith fluid flow purging and sub-classes 139 and 140 for a moltenmetal thermometer.

88 In a fluid:This subclass is indented under subclass 87.Device wherein the control means is respon-sive to the sensed temperature of a fluid, e.g.,gas, liquid, bath of molten metal.

89 With pressure sensor:This subclass is indented under subclass 78.Device wherein the control means is respon-sive to a variation in the force per unit areaexisting within the treating apparatus or in linesconnected thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses

700 through 756 for pressure-indicat-ing devices.

200, Electricity: Circuit Makers andBreakers, subclasses 81+ for switchesthat are responsive to fluid pressure.

90 With means responsive to condition oftreated material:This subclass is indented under subclass 78.Device wherein the control means reacts tomeans sensing a physical, chemical, ormechanical characteristic of the work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:432, Heating, subclass 45 for heating

devices of general utility having


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means to sense work movement, qual-ity, or position.

91 By means sensing weight or density of work:This subclass is indented under subclass 90.Device wherein the control means is respon-sive to (a) the mass of treated material at aspecified location on the treating apparatus or(b) the mass per unit volume of treated materialat a specified position in the treating apparatus.

92 By means sensing position of work:This subclass is indented under subclass 90.Device wherein the control means is respon-sive to the attitude of the treated material.

(1) Note. Devices wherein a sensor is usedto sense the height of material in a fur-nace are classified herein.

93 By means sensing presence or absence ofwork:This subclass is indented under subclass 92.Device wherein the control means is respon-sive to the entrance or exit of the treated mate-rial from a particular position in the apparatus.

(1) Note. Devices which have means whichsense the presence of a workpiece whichhas been conveyed to the device andwhich means actuate the device are clas-sified herein.

94 By means sensing level of molten liquid:This subclass is indented under subclass 92.Device wherein the control means is respon-sive to means perceiving the surface of a mol-ten material in a container.

95 By float means:This subclass is indented under subclass 94.Device wherein the surface-sensing meansincorporates a buoyant-sensing means.

96 WITH PROGRAMMED, CYCLIC, ORTIME RESPONSIVE CONTROL MEANS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein the control means is pro-vided with (a) means for storing coded instruc-tions or other data necessary to regulate theoperation of the treating apparatus, (b) meansrepetitively regulating the sequence of opera-tional steps performed in or by the treatingapparatus or, (c) means for determining the

time at which an operation occurs or length oftime taken to perform such an operation.

(1) Note. The type of cyclic control to befound herein includes limit switcharrangements of the interlock type whichcontrol the sequence of operation basedon the movement of apparatus elementsto specific locations, e.g., the closing oropening of a door, the movement of amud gun to an advanced position, etc.


devices of general utility having tim-ing, programming, or cyclic controlmeans; further, see the search notesattached to subclass 51 for additionalsearch areas.

97 By timer:This subclass is indented under subclass 96.Device wherein the control means is providedwith means for controlling the time at which anoperation occurs or the length of time in whichsaid operation is performed.

98 Having driven disk or drum:This subclass is indented under subclass 97.Device wherein the timer includes a rotatable,cylindrical, or circular member and an associ-ated information pick-up means, which mem-ber is provided with means storing theinformation necessary to control the operationof the apparatus such that control signals aregenerated through the interaction of the rotatedmember and the associated pick-up means.

99 WITH RECORDING, INDICATING,INSPECTION OR MEASURING MEANS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein means are providedwhich (a) automatically make a permanentrecord of selected events occurring during theoperation of said device, (b) display informa-tion concerning the condition of the device or amaterial therein, (c) provide for the examina-tion of selected portions of the device or mate-rial therein, or (d) gauge or otherwisedetermine a physical, chemical, or electricalcharacteristic or property of the device or mate-rial therein.


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devices of general utility having indi-cating, illuminating, or inspectionmeans; for additional search areas, seethe search notes attached to the sub-class definition of subclass 32.

100 Having observation means:This subclass is indented under subclass 99.Device wherein means are provided for thevisual examination of a portion of the device.

101 HAVING MEANS FOR LEACHING ANDSUBSEQUENTLY PRECIPITATING AMETAL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein a means for extracting ametal from an ore or concentrate is providedhaving first means for contacting the ore orconcentrate with a suitable solvent, and secondmeans for rendering the dissolved metal insolu-ble in its carrier solvent.


Compositions for Use therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, subclasses 711 through 744 for producing metal using nonmetallicmaterial which is liquid under stan-dard conditions.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 177 and 178 for purifica-tion or separation of general utilitywith the addition of heat and addi-tional fluid for treatment and sub-classes 198.1-221.2 for liquidpurification or separation with meansto add an additional treating material.

422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Dis-infecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, orSterilizing, subclasses 255 through290 for leaching apparatus.

102 MEANS TREATING A CONTINUUM OFWORK:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein either (a) a plurality ofdiscrete articles are joined together so as toform an uninterrupted supply or (b) an objectof indeterminate length is fed into a zone

wherein the articles or object is operated on toenhance the physical, metallurgical, or chemi-cal properties thereof.

(1) Note. Devices which are solely dis-closed for annealing or patenting of acontinuous strip, rod, sheet, or web ofmetal are classified in Class 266.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 65, 67,

and 68 for means to anneal or tempera running length of metal combinedwith means to apply a metallic coatingto the running length, e.g., galvaniz-ing.

148, Metal Treatment, appropriate sub-classes for processes of treating a run-ning length of solid or semisolid metalto modify or maintain the internalphysical structure (i.e., microstruc-ture) or chemical property of metal.

226, Advancing Material of IndeterminateLength, appropriate subclasses formethod of, and apparatus for, feedingmaterial without utilizing the leadingor trailing ends to effect movement ofthe material.

432, Heating, subclass 8 for a processincluding passing a continuous striplongitudinally through a heating zoneand subclass 59 for heating apparatushaving advancing structure flexing,looping, or coiling a sheet, web, orstrand. See the search notes to theclass definition of Class 432 for amore complete statement of the linebetween these classes.

103 With heating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 102.Device wherein means are provided to elevatethe temperature of the object being treated.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:219, Electric Heating, subclass 155 for

electric-heating means specialized totreat material of indeterminate length.

432, Heating, subclasses 59 and 60 forheating means of general utility spe-cialized to treat a running length ofmaterial.


September 2008

104 By joule effect:This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Device wherein a plurality of electrical con-tacts physically bear against the object to betreated and the object is heated by passing anelectric current through that portion of theobject located between the contacts.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:219, Electric Heating, subclasses 50

through 162, especially subclass 71for electric-heating means which heatbypasses current directly through thebody to be heated.

105 Discrete article continuum:This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Device wherein the object being treated con-sists of a multiplicity of individual units orblanks which are fastened together by remov-able clips, or the like, to form a continuouscomposite article for treatment.

106 Overlapped planar coil:This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Device wherein the object being treated isformed into looped coils which lie in a substan-tially horizontal plane.

107 In a molten material bath:This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Device wherein the heating means comprises abody of molten material, e.g., lead bath or saltbath.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:120, for apparatus which contacts discrete

solid metal objects with a moltenmaterial.

108 In a muffle furnace:This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Device wherein the object is heated by passingit through a heated receptacle having meanstherein to maintain the object out of direct con-tact with any source of heat or gases evolvedthereby.

109 With cooling by contact with solid heat sink:This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Device wherein the heated object is furthertreated by physically contacting it with a solid

object which is at a lower temperature than theheated object.

110 In specific environment, e.g., vacuum:This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Device wherein means are provided to intro-duce, maintain, or generate a particular gaseousatmosphere within a chamber wherein anobject is treated.

111 With fluid contact means:This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Device wherein the heated object is furthertreated by the application of a liquid or gaseousmedium to the object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:121, through 133, for means to heat a

metal object and contact the objectwith a liquid.

251, through 258, for means to heat ametal object and contact the objectwith a gas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With

Solids, subclass 122 for apparatus forcontacting a running length of workwith a liquid.

112 In liquid bath:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Device wherein the fluid medium is a body ofliquid, e.g., water or oil.

113 In liquid spray:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Device wherein the fluid medium is a projectedliquid.

114 HAVING MEANS FOR CONTACTING ASOLID METALLIFEROUS MATERIALOR METAL OBJECT WITH A LIQUID:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein an apparatus is providedfor treating either a metallic article or a metalbearing ore which is in a hardened form byapplying a liquid thereto.

(1) Note. The term “solid” as used hereinincludes within its purview granular orpulverulent material which is composedof discrete solid particles.


1September 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General

Cleaning, for cleaning and liquid con-tact apparatus of the type stated belowas going to Class 134, where a brush,wiper, scraper, suction, or gas blastcleaning means or a squeegee is partof the combination.

118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate sub-classes for apparatus for coating metalwork including apparatus for perform-ing a coating process in which achemical reaction occurs.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact WithSolids, for solid metal cleaning andpickling processes, per se, i.e., notcombined with any other solid-metaltreating operations. This class alsohas apparatus for cleaning and pick-ling solid metal combined with suchmeans for handling or operating uponthe solid metal as are necessary for thecleaning or pickling operations. Class266 has apparatus for heating solidmetal by contact with molten solidsfor heat treating the solid metal, Class134 having no apparatus disclosed forthis purpose. Class 134 also has appa-ratus for contacting solid metals withliquid for other purposes (as quench-ing) where the means claimed pertainto the applying of the liquids and onlysuch means for manipulating or han-dling of the solid metal as are requiredto present the metal to, move or sup-port it during, and/or remove it fromthe means that applies the liquids.Apparatus involving, in addition tothe cleaning or liquid-contact means,means for the purpose of preventingwarping, straightening, forming byany manufacturing means (notestretching below) or separate heating,is considered to be beyond the scopeof Class 134 and is in Class 266. Sep-arating material from solid metal byheating only (as distinguished fromthe application of liquids which liq-uids may be heated) has not beenplaced in Class 134, but remains inClass 266 or other appropriate heatingclass. In the case of strip or strandmaterial, Class 134 has apparatus

which involve means for uncoiling,coiling, or temporarily distorting thematerial to feed and/or discharge suchmaterial during the cleaning or liquidcontact operation, and also has meansto stitch (as by welding, for example)or otherwise fasten one piece toanother to make the operation contin-uous with or without means to subse-quently cut the material into sections.Further, apparatus for contacting onlycertain areas of a metal body with aliquid to selectively harden the bodywill be found in this class (266).

148, Metal Treatment, appropriate sub-classes for processes of quenching orutilizing liquid contact with metal tomodify or maintain the internal physi-cal structure (i.e., microstructure) orchemical property of metal.

115 With means changing the shape of a treatedobject, e.g., roller means:This subclass is indented under subclass 114.Device including means to alter the configura-tion of the object to be treated prior to or dur-ing the liquid contact.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 38, 39,

and 46 for gas or liquid contact with ametal prior to plastically shaping it,for the purpose of protecting, clean-ing, or coating the metal; and subclass201 for deforming rollers with coolingmeans.

116 Spring shaping means:This subclass is indented under subclass 115.Device wherein the object having its configura-tion altered is an elastic body.

117 With means to prevent warping of treatedobject:This subclass is indented under subclass 114.Device including means for constraining theobject being treated to prevent any unwanteddeformation thereof which might result fromthe liquid contact.

118 Of a gear wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 117.Device wherein the constraining means is con-figured to retain castellated cylindrical bodies.


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119 With heating of object:This subclass is indented under subclass 117.Device wherein means are provided to increasethe temperature of the treated article therebyenhancing the grain structure and reducingstress within the treated article (e.g., temper-ing).

120 By immersing an article to be treated inbath of molten material, e.g., salt bath:This subclass is indented under subclass 114.Device wherein the contacting apparatusincludes a tank containing a liquid made frommelted, normally solid matter, e.g., salts.

(1) Note. Molten material, as used herein, islimited to a material which is in the solidstate under standard atmospheric condi-tion of pressure and temperature, whichmaterial is liquefied by an altering of oneor both of these conditions, e.g., heatinga mass of salt to fuse the same. Thus, abath composed of a material which isnormally a liquid under standard atmo-spheric conditions, e.g., mercury, oil,water, is not found herein unless com-bined with a molten material bath.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:148, Metal Treatment, appropriate sub-

classes for treatment of solid or semi-solid metal to modify or maintain theinternal physical structure (i.e., micro-structure) or chemical property ofmetal or for processes of reactivecoating of metal, particularly sub-classes 631, 632, or 711 for use of afused molten material to treat themetal.

121 With heating means, e.g., flame contact:This subclass is indented under subclass 114.Device further including means to raise thetemperature of the work prior to, during, orafter the work has been contacted with the liq-uid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:261, for heating a solid metal object by

flame contact heating.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:148, Metal Treatment, appropriate sub-

classes for processes of heating orcooling of metal to modify or main-tain the internal physical structure(i.e., microstructure) or chemicalproperty of the metal.

219, Electric Heating, subclasses 50through 162 for electric heaters spe-cialized to heat metals.

122 By means treating metalliferous materials,e.g., ores:This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Device wherein the heating means and the liq-uid-contact means are particularized to operateon metal bearing matter to remove unwantedconstituents from said matter.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclasses formethods of heating an ore and subse-quently contacting said ore with a liq-uid.

123 By heating means adapted to be insertedinto a hollow object:This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Device wherein the heating means is config-ured to pass into or through a cavity or passageformed in the article to be treated.


Solids, subclasses 166+ for liquidcontact of a solid workpiece havinghollows or passages.

219, Electric Heating, subclasses 59.1through 67 for electric-heating meansspecialized to heat metallic work-pieces of cylindrical configuration.

124 By means heating selected areas of anobject:This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Device wherein the heating means is special-ized to effect heating of only certain zones onthe surface of the article to be treated.


1September 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:148, Metal Treatment, particularly sub-

classes 210 through 214, 627, and639-644 for processes of localized orzone heating of solid or semisolidmetal to modify or maintain the inter-nal physical structure (i.e., micro-structure) or chemical property ofmetal.

219, Electric Heating, appropriate sub-class for electric-heating means spe-cialized to heat metal in selectedareas.

125 By means specialized to heat an article hav-ing an irregular contour (e.g., cams, gears):This subclass is indented under subclass 124.Device wherein the heating means is particu-larized to effect heating selected areas on thesurface of objects having a nonuniform or adiscontinuous surface or profile.

(1) Note. Examples of objects having non-uniform or discontinuous surfaces arevalve cams, spur or helical gears, racks,etc.


classes 559 through 714 for treatmentof solid or semisolid metal to modifyor maintain the internal physicalstructure (i.e., microstructure) orchemical property of metal.

126 By heating means configured to fit betweenadjacent gear teeth:This subclass is indented under subclass 125.Device wherein the heating means is special-ized for heating power transmission elementswhich have castellated power transmitting sur-faces, and wherein the heating means has aprofile allowing it to be inserted betweenadjoining castellations.


classes 573 and 586 for processes oftreating solid or semisolid metal gearsto modify or maintain the internalphysical structure (i.e., microstruc-ture) or chemical property of metal.

219, Electric Heating, subclass 640 forinduction-heating means specializedto heat gears.

127 Unitized heating and fluid contact means:This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Device wherein the heating and the fluid-con-tact means either are formed as a single treatingmember or are so closely juxtaposed that theyconstitute a unitary treating member.

(1) Note. An example of unitized structuresto be found herein is heating torch hav-ing a supply outlet for a quenching fluidformed therein.

128 By electric heating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Device wherein the heat to treat the material isproduced by a current passing through a con-ductive medium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:219, Electric Heating, appropriate sub-

class, especially subclasses 50through 162 for electric-heatingmeans specialized to heat metal.

129 Inductance type:This subclass is indented under subclass 128.Device wherein the heating means includemeans to impress a fluctuating magnetic fieldacross the workpiece to be treated, which fieldcauses current to pass through and heat saidworkpiece.

130 Having bath for contacting the work withliquid:This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Device wherein the means for contacting thework with a liquid includes a receptacle whichconfines a body of liquid into which the workis dipped or immersed.

131 With means to agitate or control tempera-ture of bath:This subclass is indented under subclass 130.Device wherein means are provided for (a)generating a current within the liquid body or(b) adding, removing, or otherwise changingthe heat content of the liquid body.


September 2008


Solids, subclasses 105 through 111 for a means of general utility for con-tacting a solid with a liquid includingheating, cooling, or heat-exchangemeans.

132 Having work introducing elevator:This subclass is indented under subclass 130.Device wherein a vertically moving support isprovided, which support partakes of a gener-ally straight up and down motion to lower thework into and subsequently raise it out of thebath.

133 Having means to move work through bath:This subclass is indented under subclass 130.Device wherein means are provided for con-veying the work through the body of liquid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropri-

ate subclasses for conveyors of gen-eral utility.

134 By means contacting only selected areas oftreated article with liquid:This subclass is indented under subclass 114.Device wherein the apparatus is so arranged oradditional means are provided to insure that theliquid contact with the object to be treated willbe restricted to only a certain pre-establishedsection of said object.

(1) Note. Means to mask the surface of theobject to be contacted so that only cer-tain areas will have liquid appliedthereto are found herein.

135 WITH CLEANING OR LUBRICATINGMEANS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein means are provided for(a) removing accumulations of unwanted mate-rial which are deposited on or in the deviceduring the operation of same or (b) the intro-duction of an anti-friction agent, e.g., oil, intoor on the device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:432, Heating, subclass 75 for a heating

means of general utility having ameans for cleaning the heating means.

136 Fluid injector cleaner:This subclass is indented under subclass 135.Device wherein means are provided for remov-ing unwanted accumulations from a fluid noz-zle, e.g., tuyere punches.

137 WITH MEANS TO COMMINUTE ORDISINTEGRATE SOLIDS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device having means to break up orreduce the size of an individual unit of hardmatter.

(1) Note. Included within the definition ofan individual unit are a solid metalobject, a sintered mass, and the individ-ual particle of a granular mass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:241, Solid Material Comminution or Disin-

tegration, appropriate subclasses forcomminuting or disintegrating appa-ratus, per se, and for comminutingcombined with heating where nochemical change to the materialheated occurs.

138 WITH MEANS TO PREHEAT GAS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device having means to elevate the tem-perature of a gas or vapor supplied to a treatingvessel prior to the entry of the gas into thetreating zone.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:165, Heat Exchange, appropriate sub-

classes for a heat exchange, per se,particularly subclasses 4 through 10 for a regeneration-type heatexchanger.

432, Heating, subclass 40 for the automaticcontrol of a hot blast stove; subclasses78-80, wherein combustion feed aircools existing work by contact; sub-class 84, wherein combustion feed aircools the furnace wall; subclasses179-182, wherein the furnace exhaustheats the furnace feed air; subclasses


1September 2008

214-218 for a hot blast stove, per se;and subclasses 219-223 for a residualgas heater, per se.

139 Having heat storage means, e.g., checkers,stroves:This subclass is indented under subclass 138.Device including means adapted to receive andretain heat energy and thereafter give up saidenergy to a gas flowing therepast to raise thetemperature of the gas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:165, Heat Exchange, subclasses 4 through

10 for heat-storage devices, such aschecker bricks, per se.

432, Heating, appropriate subclasses forgeneral utility furnaces combinedwith heat-storage means, especiallysubclasses 214 through 218 for heatstorage means combined with a heatgenerator.

140 By heat generating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 138.Device wherein the means to elevate the tem-perature of the gas includes means in additionto the heating means for the treating vessel forproducing heat energy by a chemical reaction,e.g., combustion, or by the transformation ofsome other form of energy into heat energy,e.g., electric resistance-type heaters.

141 By remote heat exchanger:This subclass is indented under subclass 138.Device wherein the means to elevate the tem-peratures of the incoming gas includes meansphysically separated from the treating vessel,which means effects a transfer of heat from amaterial at a relatively high temperature to therelatively cool incoming gas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:165, Heat Exchange, appropriate sub-

classes for indirect heat-exchangestructure.

142 GEOGRAPHIC OR STRUCTURALINSTALLATION:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein (a) a work-processingdevice is related either to some feature of theearth or to a definable building feature, e.g., ahall, or (b) a plurality of such devices are

arranged so as to form a specific machinerylayout.

(1) Note. Examples of limitations that areindicative of geographic features orstructural installations are pits, bays, cor-ridors, plural working levels, etc.

(2) Note. Merely positioning one deviceabove another so that gravity flowbetween the devices is effected is notconsidered to constitute a specificmachinery layout.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:161, through 164, for apparatus performing

diverse metallurgical operations, e.g.,metal extracting and refining.

143 Having refining vessel with travelling sup-port:This subclass is indented under subclass 142.Device wherein the structural or geographicinstallation is provided with a means for treat-ing a molten metal having a support meanswhich mounts the treating means for move-ment from one location to another within theinstallation.

(1) Note. Examples of a traveling supportare cranes, wheel vehicles, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:165, for a metallurgical apparatus which

includes a vehicle-mounted recepta-cle.

144 WITH MEANS TREATING OR HAN-DLING GASES EXHAUSTED BY TREAT-ING MEANS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein the metallurgical appara-tus is provided with means for (a) removingfumes and the like from the apparatus, (b) con-ditioning such fumes to either remove valuablecomponents, e.g., gaseous mercury or renderthe fumes less objectionable to the environ-ment, e.g., pollution abatement devices, or (c)to extract heat energy from the fumes.

(1) Note. While apparatus to condensemetallic vapors within a vacuum will be


September 2008

found herein, apparatus to removeentrained gases from a mass of moltenmetal by subjecting at least a portion ofthe mass to a vacuum is not consideredto be a fume handling or treating meanssince such gases do not normally“evolve” by themselves from the moltenmass. Such apparatus thus will not befound in this or the indented subclasses.

(2) Note. A nominally recited flue or anominal flue and damper combination isnot considered to be a fume-handlingmeans and thus will not be found herein.Further, a mere windbox or a nominalwindbox and blower combination usedin conjunction with an ore-sinteringapparatus is not considered to be a fume-handling means for this subclass. Suchpatents have been placed on the featuresof the particular treating apparatus withwhich they are associated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:207, through 211, for vacuum-degassing

apparatus for molten metals.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:432, Heating, subclasses 66 through 72 for

a heating means of general utility hav-ing means for treating or handling theexhaust gas.

145 Having means to treat or handle gases evolv-ing from rotary furnace:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Device wherein the gas handling or treatingmeans are specialized to receive fumes from afurnace adapted to rotate through more than360 degrees.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:173, for a rotary drum ore treating or metal

extracting furnace.213, for a revolving-drum type furnace for

melting metal or treating a moltenmetal.

244, for a Bessemer-type treating vesselmounted to revolve about its longitu-dinal axis.

248, for a horizontal, rotatable, cylindricalmetal melting or molten metal treating

means which oscillates about its lon-gitudinal axis.

146 By contacting gas with nonmetallic liquid:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Device including means specialized to com-mingle or otherwise encounter the fumes with anonmetallic liquid medium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,

appropriate subclasses for apparatusof general utility for contacting a gaswith a liquid.

147 By liquid spraying:This subclass is indented under subclass 146.Device wherein the commingling means is ashower of liquid through which the fumes flow.

148 By condensing and collecting a volatile con-stituent:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Device including means specialized to receivevaporized material and cause said vaporizedmaterial to undergo a phase change to the solidor liquid state.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:202, Distillation: Apparatus, appropriate

subclasses for distilling apparatusother than that used to condensemetal.

432, Heating, subclass 66 for a heatingmeans of general utility with a con-denser for work chamber vapor.

149 Within evacuated chamber:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Device wherein said phase change is effectedwithin a vacuum environment.

150 Having molten metal splashing means:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Device wherein means are provided to hurlmolten metal into the path of the evolved gas tocondense metallic vapors contained therein.

151 By cascading material evolving the gas:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Device wherein the material from which thevapor is generated is caused to flow in adescending stepped path.


1September 2008

152 By indirect liquid heat exchange means:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Device wherein the vaporized material givesup its heat of vaporization to a body of liquidwhich is physically separated therefrom by astructural member, e.g., a wall, a tube, etc.

153 Having retort condenser:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Device wherein a heating means is providedwhich is adapted to contain and externally heata vessel which holds a discrete charge of mate-rial to be treated and wherein means aremounted on and carried by the vessel to liquefyor solidify vapors evolved in the vessel.

154 Vertical shaft furnace:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Device wherein the vapors are evolved from anelongated chamber, the major axis of which issubstantially perpendicular to the horizon andthrough which the vapor generating material ismoved by the effects of gravity.

155 With heat exchanger, e.g., waste heat boiler:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Device including means specialized to removeheat from the evolved gas by means of an indi-rect heat exchanger.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-

class 7 for apparatus for capturing thewaste heat of industrial devices.

156 By means recycling exhaust gas:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Device wherein a portion of the evolved gas isreturned to the metallurgical apparatus.

157 By separating particles from evolved gas:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Device wherein the fume treating or handlingmeans includes means to remove particulatematter suspended in the exhausting fumes fromthe fumes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for appa-

ratus for gas separation, per se.432, Heating, subclasses 67 through 71 for

means separating solid particle or slagfrom work chamber gas.

158 Hood:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Device wherein the gas-handling meansincludes an inverted, generally funnel-shapedfume collecting member which is disposedabove and in unattached, juxtaposed relationwith the metallurgical apparatus.


class 7 for apparatus for capturing thewaste heat of industrial devices.

454, Ventilation, subclasses 49 through 67 for hood and off-take structure.

159 Offtake:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Device wherein the gas handling meansincludes fume conducting means connected tothe fume outlet of a metallurgical apparatus,which conducting means conveys the fumesaway from said apparatus.

160 COMBINED OR CONVERTIBLE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device (a) including means in addition tothe basic metallurgical apparatus for perform-ing some additional nonmetallurgical operationor for perfecting the operation of the basic met-allurgical apparatus or (b) which can by anaddition, removal, or rearrangement of one ormore of its parts be caused to have a differentmode or condition of operation.

161 MEANS FOR EXTRACTING ANDREFINING METAL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device comprising a means to treat anore or other metal bearing material to remove ametal therefrom, combined with additionalmeans to purify or otherwise treat the removedmetal.

162 With separate refining zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 161.Device wherein a distinct region or chamber isprovided within which the metal purification ortreatment occurs.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:212, for refining means having a separate

metal melting zone.


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163 With rotating heating vessel:This subclass is indented under subclass 162.Device including an extracting or refiningmeans adapted to revolve about it longitudinalaxis.

164 With heated vertical extracting means:This subclass is indented under subclass 162.Device wherein the means to extract the metalcomprises a treating chamber within which thetemperature of the material to be treated is ele-vated and the longitudinal axis of which is gen-erally normal to the horizon.

165 AMBULANT VESSEL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein the metallurgical appara-tus includes a vehicle mounted receptacle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:142, and 143, for geographic or structural

installations.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses

238.1 through 395 for special carbodies for carrying molten metal orslag.

432, Heating, subclass 88 for a heaterassembly having a wheel-, handle-, orskid-type support.

166 TREATING VESSEL WITH DISTINCTMOLTEN MATERIAL HOLDINGMEANS, E.G., FOREHEARTH:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein a means to treat a metal-liferous or a metallic material is provided witha separate additional substantially nonambulantstorage receptacle or a separate additionalambulant storage receptacle adapted to beattached to the treating means, which recepta-cles receive molten material from the treatingmeans and store said molten material prior toits delivery to a point of use.

167 THERMITE REACTION VESSEL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device including a receptacle specializedto contain a thermite mixture while the mixturereacts to form a molten mass.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, subclass 959 for a processof thermit-type reduction and treat-ment.

164, Metal Founding, subclasses 53 and 54for a process of molding a metalobject with in situ reactive heating.

168 MEANS FOR TREATING ORES OR FOREXTRACTING METALS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device having means to (a) concentrateand enrich the metalliferous material or (b) lib-erate metal from the metalliferous material.

(1) Note. The term “ore” as used hereinmay include other than naturally occur-ring sources, e.g., waste photographicsolutions.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclasses forprocesses of treating ore or extractinga metal.

169 Amalgam-type extraction means:This subclass is indented under subclass 168.Device wherein means are provided for con-tacting a metal bearing material with mercurysuch that the metal is drawn from said materialby the mercury.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:209, Classifying, Separating, and Assort-

ing Solids, subclasses 12.1 through44.4 and 174-206 for processes andapparatus for separating by nonchemi-cal means or procedure, e.g., magnet,amalgamating from liquid suspen-sions.

170 By means precipitating metal from solution:This subclass is indented under subclass 168.Device including means for rendering a metal-lic element insoluble in its liquid environment.


1September 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:101, for an apparatus for leaching and sub-

sequently precipitating a metal.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclasses for aprocess of precipitating a metal from asolution.

204, Chemistry: Electrical and WaveEnergy, subclasses 194 through297.16 for electrolytic apparatus(e.g., specialized for electrolytic pre-cipitation of metal, etc.).

205, Electrolysis: Processes, Composi-tions Used Therein, and Methods ofPreparing the Compositions, appro-priate subclasses for electrolytic pre-cipitation of metal.

171 By means applying heat to work, e.g., fur-nace:This subclass is indented under subclass 168.Device having means to raise the temperatureof metalliferous material.

(1) Note. Those furnaces which are alter-nately usable to melt metal or to treat orewill be found herein.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclass forprocesses of treating ore or extractingmetal.

432, Heating, appropriate subclass fortreating furnaces of general utility.

172 Fluidized zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Device wherein means are provided for intro-ducing a gas into the heating chamber so thatthe solid material within said chamber is main-tained in a fluent condition while it undergoestreatment.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact

With Solids, subclasses 576 through594 for an apparatus for conveyingtreated material by means of a fluidcurrent.

75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclasses fortreating ores in gaseous suspension.

432, Heating, subclass 58 for a fluidizedbed in a furnace of general utility.

173 Rotary drum-type furnace:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Device wherein the heating means includes abarrel-like receptacle within which the work isplaced, which receptacle is mounted to contin-uously revolve about its longitudinal axis whilethe work is being heated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:145, for fume-handling means combined

with rotary drum-type furnaces.163, for rotary furnaces adapted to extract

and refine a metal.178, through 180, for revolving annular-

load-supporting grates.213, for rotary melting or refining vessels.


for rotary drum furnaces of generalutility. For further searches, see thesearch notes for subclass 103.

174 With safety device:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Device having means (a) to prevent a danger-ous or potentially dangerous operating condi-tion from occurring within the treating meansor (b) to protect operating personnel frominjury.

175 With separate preheat chamber:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Device wherein a distinct compartment orreceptacle is provided within which the tem-perature of the material to be treated by the


September 2008

heating means is elevated prior to its entry intothe heating means.


for furnaces of general utility havingplural, structurally related workchambers.

176 With means for moving solid material to orthrough heating zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Device wherein the heating means is providedwith means to supply a charge of fuel, flux, orore thereto, which supplied material is in asolid form, or means to convey or propel thecharge within the heating means.



414, Material or Article Handling, sub-classes 150 through 159 for the com-bination of a chamber of a type uti-lized for a heating function and adriven device, and/or an inclined flowpath to carry or convey material into,within, and out of the chamber; andsubclasses 160-208 for such a cham-ber and the charging, in general,thereof.

177 By means for moving charge through zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 176.Device wherein means are provided within theheating means for propelling or conveying thework undergoing treatment through said heat-ing means.



414, Material or Article Handling, sub-classes 159 and 160-208 as discussedin the reference to that class in sub-class 176 above, and see particularlysubclasses 153 and 166 of the respec-tive areas.

432, Heating, subclasses 121 through 155for an apparatus having means bywhich work is mechanically moved

through a heating device of generalutility.

178 Traveling grate:This subclass is indented under subclass 177.Device wherein the means for moving thecharge through the treating zone comprises amobile charge supporting surface which sur-face is perforated to allow air or combustiongases to pass therethrough.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:159, for a traveling-grate means combined

with gas offtake structure.


for apparatus having means by whichwork is mechanically moved througha heating device of general utility.

179 With seal means:This subclass is indented under subclass 178.Device wherein means are provided at thejunction between said mobile charge support-ing surface and the heating means to preventthe ingress of atmospheric air into the heatingzone or the escape of gas from the heatingzone.

180 Train of grate elements:This subclass is indented under subclass 178.Device wherein the mobile supporting surfaceis composed of plural unconnected movingcars which follow closely adjacent each otherto form a moving support for the charge mate-rial.

181 Means forming cascading array:This subclass is indented under subclass 177.Device wherein the heating means has a plural-ity of shelves disposed one above the other andthe moving means conveys the charge fromone shelf to the next adjacent lower shelf in azigzag fashion.


for a means for cascading workthrough a furnace of general utility.


1September 2008

182 By fluid current:This subclass is indented under subclass 176.Device wherein the propelling means com-prises means for entraining the charge materialin a moving stream of fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:221, for a tuyere means for introducing

diverse material into a molten metaltreating means.

267, for a tuyere specialized for simulta-neously feeding diverse material.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclasses for aprocess of treating molten metal withcombined solid and gaseous treatingagents.

110, Furnaces, subclasses 261 through 266 for an apparatus for burning fine fuelin suspension in a furnace of generalutility.

406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropri-ate subclasses for an apparatus forconveying solids in fluid suspension.

183 By power-driven means conveying solidcharge into zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 176.Device wherein means are provided for propel-ling the charge material to be treated into theheating zone.

184 Bell and hopper type:This subclass is indented under subclass 176.Device wherein the charge-feed meansincludes a storage chamber having a dischargeport in the bottom thereof, which port is closedby a valve member which is movable axially ofsaid passage.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:414, Material or Article Handling, sub-

classes 170 and 201-205 for the com-bination of a chamber of a type uti-lized for a heating function and amaterial charging means therefor, and

wherein the means includes a deviceof the bell and hopper type.

185 With work supporting grate:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Device wherein the heating means includes awork-supporting surface, which surface is per-forated to allow air or combustion gas to passtherethrough.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:159, for grate structure combined with gas

offtake means.279, for apparatus which supports the work

material on a grate member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:110, Furnaces, subclasses 267 through 294

for a progressive feed-grate means ina furnace of general utility.

122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-classes 371 through 378 for a water-cooled grate means.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses 152+for grates for use in stoves and fur-naces.

186 With means for feeding fluids:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Devices including a means for introducing agas, liquid, or combination thereof to the inte-rior of the heating means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:218, through 224, for a tuyere means for

feeding fluid into a molten metaltreating means.

265, through 270, for tuyere structure, perse.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:110, Furnaces, subclass 182.5 for a tuyere

means for a furnace of general utility.122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-

class 6.6 for a tuyere having a closedwater-cooling system.

187 With flow regulating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 186.Device including means to control the volumeof flow of the fluid.


September 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:82, through 84, for a control means

responsive to a sensed conditionwhich correlates a flow of diverse flu-ents.

223, for a control means for a tuyere com-bined with a molten-metal treatingmeans.

266, for a tuyere means combined with aflow-control means.

188 With common outlet means to feed diversefluids:This subclass is indented under subclass 186.Device including means to comingle two ormore fluids for injection into the heatingmeans.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:221, and 222, for a tuyere for feeding

diverse material into a molten-metaltreating means.

267, for a tuyere for simultaneously feed-ing diverse material.

189 With means to cool fluid feeding means:This subclass is indented under subclass 186.Device including means for supplying a cool-ing medium to the fluid-feeding means tomaintain the temperature of said feeding meanswithin acceptable limits.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:110, Furnaces, subclass 182.5 for a cooled

tuyere means for a furnace of generalutility.

122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-class 6.6 for a tuyere having a closedwater cooling system.

190 With cooling of heating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Device including means for maintaining thetemperature of the heating means structure at asafe operating level.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:241, for a means to cool a metal melting or

molten-metal treating means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 355

for means-cooling glass manufactur-ing apparatus.

165, Heat Exchange, subclasses 47through 57 for a heat exchangerinstalled in a disparate device, sub-classes 58-66 for heating and coolingof the same device, and subclass134.1 for a heat exchanger with pro-tective means.

432, Heating, appropriate subclasses formeans cooling a furnace of generalutility.

191 By means cooling material discharge means:This subclass is indented under subclass 190.Device for maintaining the temperature of adelivery opening or structure associated there-with within acceptable limits.

192 By direct fluid contact:This subclass is indented under subclass 190.Device wherein the temperature of a specificportion of the heating means is maintainedwithin acceptable limits by applying a coolingmedium thereagainst, as for example, by flow-ing the medium over or impinging the mediumagainst said portion.

193 By means embedded in heating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 190.Device wherein the temperature is maintainedwithin acceptable limits by a cooling mediumflowing through a heat-exchange member con-tained within the wall or base structure of theheating means.

194 Having means to facilitate removal of cool-ing means:This subclass is indented under subclass 193.Device including means enabling easy inser-tion or extraction of the heat-exchange mem-ber.

195 With discharge means:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Device wherein the heating means is providedwith delivery means for drawing off the mate-rial treated within the heating means.


1September 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:191, for means for cooling a material-dis-

charge means.236, for converters and other molten metal

treating or holding vessels with spe-cific discharge structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:414, Material or Article Handling, sub-

classes 209 through 216 for the com-bination of a chamber of a type uti-lized for a heating function and eithera driven device, or a gravity arrange-ment, respectively, for the dischargeof material from the chamber.

432, Heating, appropriate subclasses, espe-cially subclasses 157, 160, and 161for furnaces of general utility havingdischarge structure.

196 With trough-shaped outlet, e.g., runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Device wherein the delivery means is furtherprovided with a channel shaped means throughwhich the material passes after it has been dis-charged from the heating means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:231, for a discharge runner combined with

a molten-metal treating means.

197 Shaft-type furnace, e.g., blast furnace:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Device comprising a chamber having a sub-stantially vertical axis to which material is fedat an elevated level for gravitation downwardlyacross a heating surface or through a heatingmedium.


for shaft-type furnaces of general util-ity.

198 Having external support:This subclass is indented under subclass 197.Device having means external of the furnacefor sustaining the furnace against the effects ofgravity.

199 Having specific top structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 197.Device wherein the upper region of the furnacehas a particular configuration or includes addi-tional structural members which facilitate theoperation of the furnace.

200 MEANS FOR MELTING OR VAPORIZ-ING METAL OR TREATING LIQUEFIEDMETAL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device for (a) refining or otherwise puri-fying metal while in the liquid state, (b) remov-ing or separating constituents from a moltenbath, (c) mixing or stirring a molten bath, (d)applying heat to a molten bath to maintain themolten condition, or (e) liquefy or volatilize ametal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate

subclasses for a means to melt glass.75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,

Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclasses for aprocess of refining a metal.

164, Metal Founding, appropriate sub-classes for an apparatus for treatingmetal in a mold.

373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for a metalmelting or refining means having spe-cific electrical heating structure.

432, Heating, appropriate subclasses formelting furnaces of general utility.

201 Slag refining means:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein means are provided to effectslag contact with a molten metal, thus promot-ing thorough intermingling and interaction ofthe slag with the metal.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclasses for aprocess of treating slags and oxidizeddrosses.


September 2008

202 Spray refining means:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein means are provided to enhancetreating gas contact with a molten metal, whichmeans causes the metal to fall through a treat-ing gas in either a finely divided stream or as aplurality of narrow streams and thus promotesthe thorough intermingling and interaction ofthe gas with the metal.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, subclasses 331 through 341 for producing solid particulate freemetal directly from liquid metal andsubclass 525 for impinging free-fall-ing molten metal stream or spray witha gas or solid agent or spraying (i.e.,atomizing) of molten metal.

425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shap-ing or Treating: Apparatus, subclass7 for a means for atomizing a moltenmetal by a blast of fluid in a powder-making apparatus.

203 By means specialized to puddle metal:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein means are provided tomechanically work and to contact molten metalwith an additive, such as mill scale or ore,while in the presence of an oxidizing atmo-sphere, whereby a semisolid product is pro-duced.

204 Means applying centrifugal force:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device including means to rotate the vessel toeffect outward radial movement of a bath ofmolten material contained therein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Sepa-

rators, appropriate subclasses forapparatus for breaking up a mixture offluids or fluent substances into two ormore components by centrifugingwithin a generally solid-walled,receptacle-like member.

205 Means to melt and separate metal frommass of diverse constituents:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device which is particularized to heat a bodywhich consists of a plurality of different mate-rials, one of which is a metal, to liquefy andliberate said metal from said body.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, subclass 401 for processesof treating multicomponent metal-containing scrap having an integralsubstrate to separate metal therefromby temperature modification whereinat least one metal remains solid duringseparation.

206 Means for melting-type material, e.g., Lino-type:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device particularized to liquefy metals used inthe manufacture of printing characters.

207 By providing, treating or protecting envi-ronment, e.g., vacuum:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein means are provided either forsubjecting molten metal to a specific atmo-sphere or atmospheric condition to bring abouta desired physical or chemical change in themetal or for surrounding or blanketing themetal in an inert fluid to prevent contaminationof the metal being operated upon.

(1) Note. An example of structure to befound in this and the indented subclassesis vacuum degassing apparatus.

208 By application of vacuum:This subclass is indented under subclass 207.Device wherein the treating atmosphere is at apressure less than standard atmospheric.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-


1September 2008

tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, for a process of treating amolten metal within a vacuum envi-ronment.

373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclasses 54, 63, 110-112, 140, and141 for electric furnaces combinedwith means to lower the pressuretherein to subatmospheric levels.

209 By upward flow of metal within treatingzone:This subclass is indented under subclass 208.Device wherein an evacuated receptacle is pro-vided with a downwardly extending supplypassage within which the molten material israised to a level higher than the level of thesource.

210 Recirculating material to its source:This subclass is indented under subclass 209.Device wherein the metal is returned from thereduced pressure zone to its point of origin.

211 Enclosed within casing:This subclass is indented under subclass 208.Device wherein a molten-metal containing orreceiving vessel is contained within and sur-rounded by a housing, which housing is com-municable with a source of vacuum.

212 Refining means with separate metal-meltingzone:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein the means to treat the moltenmetal is provided with a distinct metal liquefy-ing region or chamber from which the moltenmetal to be treated is drawn.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:162, through 164, for means specialized to

extract and refine a metal within sepa-rate treating zones.

213 Revolving drum-type furnace:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein the vessel is mounted to beturned about its longitudinal axis through morethan 360 degrees.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:248, for a drum-type melting or refining

vessel adapted to revolve or oscillateabout its longitudinal axis.


for a tumbler-type rotary drum fur-nace of general utility.

214 Reverberatory refining vessel, e.g., openhearth:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein the means to melt metals or totreat a molten metal comprises a treating recep-tacle within which hot gas sweeps over the sur-face of material contained within the receptacleto elevate the temperature of the material.

215 Continuous refining:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein the treating means includes atreating vessel which is provided with meansfor supplying an unrefined molten metal massthereto and for drawing refined molten metaltherefrom in a substantially uninterrupted fash-ion.

216 By means introducing treating material:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device including means for adding a solid, liq-uid, or gaseous substance to the molten metal.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, appropriate subclasses for aprocess of introducing a treatingmaterial into molten metal.

217 Gaseous treating material:This subclass is indented under subclass 216.Device wherein the added substance is in gas-eous form.

(1) Note. Means introducing a gas stirringagent will be found in this and theindented subclasses.


September 2008


appropriate subclasses for devices ofgeneral utility for contacting a gaswith a liquid.

218 Having fluid inlet formed in vessel wall, e.g.,tuyere:This subclass is indented under subclass 217.Device wherein the means is a short tubularmember forming an aperture in the vessel wall.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:265, through 270, for tuyere structure, per

se.


in a furnace of general utility.122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-

class 6.6 for a tuyere having a closedwater circulation.

219 Having intersecting streams converging oncentral axis of vertical furnace:This subclass is indented under subclass 218.Device wherein a plurality of tuyeres arearranged in the wall of a vertical furnace suchthat the streams issuing therefrom will meet orcross in one area substantially in the center ofsaid furnace.

(1) Note. Cupola furnaces are found hereinwhere the sole disclosure is for meltingmetal.

220 Having porous outlet:This subclass is indented under subclass 218.Device wherein the means discharges througha foraminous member.


subclasses 94 through 99 and 100-107 for gas-liquid contact sheet.

221 By means to introduce diverse material:This subclass is indented under subclass 218.Device wherein said adding means is adaptedto concurrently supply plural materials.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:182, for a means to introduce a solid

entrained in a fluid into an ore treatingor metal-extracting device.

188, for a means to introduce diverse fluidsvia a common outlet into an ore treat-ing or metal-extracting device.

267, for a means specialized for simulta-neously feeding diverse materials intoa vessel.

222 Concentric flow paths:This subclass is indented under subclass 221.Device wherein the adding means has a plural-ity of coaxial flow paths.

223 Having control means:This subclass is indented under subclass 218.Device wherein a regulating means is providedin the flow path to control fluid flow into thetreating vessel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:82, through 84, for means correlating the

flow of diverse fluents responsive to asensed condition.

187, for regulating the flow of a fluid intoan ore treating or metal extractingmeans.

266, for a tuyere means combined with aflow-control means.

224 Having tuyere formed in plug bottom:This subclass is indented under subclass 218.Device wherein the treating vessel is providedwith a separate, distinct bottom closure whichhas an integrally formed tuyere therein.

(1) Note. The plug bottoms are usuallyremovable or replaceable to facilitatechanging of worn or damaged tuyeres.

225 Lance:This subclass is indented under subclass 217.Device wherein the introducing means is along, narrow tube extending into the interior ofthe treating vessel.


1September 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Dif-

fusing, appropriate subclasses forlances, per se, and for nozzles of gen-eral utility.

226 With manipulating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 225.Device including means to adjust the positionof the lance.

227 By separating metal in a molten mass fromundesired material, e.g., slag:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device including means to segregate a metalfrom other constituents.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:210, Liquid Purification or Separation,

subclasses 513 through 540 for gravi-tational separators and subclasses767-808 for processes of separatingsolids and liquids.

228 By skimming a material:This subclass is indented under subclass 227.Device having means for drawing off a mate-rial floating on the surface of a molten mass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:210, Liquid Purification or Separation,

subclasses 242.1 through 242.4 formovable means floating on the sur-face of a liquid.

229 By baffle means:This subclass is indented under subclass 227.Device including a separating arrangementhaving a barrier member associated therewithwhich effects the separation of a desired con-stituent from the molten mass by blocking theflow of one of the constituents.

230 At discharge outlet:This subclass is indented under subclass 229.Device wherein the separating arrangementcomprises a receptacle having a baffle associ-ated with the receptacle outlet to block the flowof undesired constituents.

231 In discharge trough, e.g., runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 229.Device wherein the barrier member is associ-ated with a channel shaped means throughwhich the molten mass flows.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:196, for a runner system combined with a

metal-extracting furnace.

232 Settling receptacle, e.g., slag pot:This subclass is indented under subclass 227.Device wherein the separating means com-prises a vessel within which the molten mass isallowed to stand and separate by the effects ofgravity.

233 By stirring or mixing molten metal:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device including means to agitate a moltenmetal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:217, through 226, for means which agitates

a body of molten metal by introducinga gas into said body.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses for

stirring or mixing apparatus of generalutility.

234 Induction stirring:This subclass is indented under subclass 233.Device wherein the agitating means includesan electromagnetic means which creates fluxlines passing through the metal to cause move-ment of the metal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:237, for electromagnetic molten-metal dis-

pensing means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,

subclasses 85, 116, and 146 for induc-tion stirrers combined with an electricfurnace.


September 2008

235 Having impeller means:This subclass is indented under subclass 233.Device wherein the agitating means includes ablade-like member having a fluid reactant sur-face which engages and moves the moltenmass.

236 With means to discharge molten material:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein the vessel containing the mol-ten mass undergoing treatment is provided withspecific terminal outlet structure for removingthe mass from the vessel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 324

through 333 for molten-glass dispens-ing means.

222, Dispensing, subclasses 590 and 591-607 for receptacles having means toeffect discharge of molten metaltherefrom.

251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropri-ate subclasses for valves specializedto control flow of molten material.

237 Including electromagnetic means:This subclass is indented under subclass 236.Device including means which create flux linesto cause the material to flow in a desired direc-tion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:234, for a molten-metal treating means or

melting means having an inductionstirring means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:417, Pumps, subclass 50 for electromag-

netic pumps.

238 Means for removing residual material:This subclass is indented under subclass 236.Device including a means effecting withdrawalof molten matter remaining in the vessel afternormal emptying of the vessel.

239 By changing ambient pressure on materialsurface, e.g., suction:This subclass is indented under subclass 236.Device wherein the means for dischargingmaterial from the treating vessel includes

means for varying gas pressure at a selectedlocation on the exterior of the molten mass tocreate a gas pressure gradient across the exte-rior which is effective to deliver material fromthe vessel.

(1) Note. The means to vary the gas pres-sure on a portion of a liquid surfaceincludes both devices that raise the gaspressure, e.g., pressurized gas cylinders,and that lower the gas pressure, e.g., vac-uum pumps.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses

for miscellaneous receptacles havingmeans to effect discharge of fluentmaterial therefrom. Note especiallysubclasses 394 through 402.25 forfluid pressure means and subclass 416for siphon means.

240 With means to tilt heating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 236.Device including means to cant the vessel toeffect discharging.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:432, Heating, subclass 157 for crucible or

pot-heating furnace of general utilityhaving a tilting arrangement.

241 With means to cool treating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein means are provided to removeexcess heat energy, the means treating thematerial thus maintaining the temperature ofsaid means within a safe operating range.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:46, for a process of cooling a metallurgi-

cal apparatus.138, for a means within a heating or treat-

ing vessel for preheating a gas, whichheating inherently cools the heating ortreating vessel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:432, Heating, appropriate subclasses for

cooling furnaces of general utility.


1September 2008

242 Heated melting pot:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device including a kettle-like receptacle hav-ing a means for raising the temperature of themetal therein to liquefy the same.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:219, Electric Heating, subclasses 420

through 427 for crucible or furnace-type electric heating devices adaptedto hold meltable material.

432, Heating, subclasses 156 through 158 for a crucible or pot-type heating fur-nace of general utility.

243 Bessemer-type treating vessel:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device wherein the means to treat the moltenmass comprises an open topped, flask-likereceptacle within which a molten mass isadapted to be subjected to a self-sustainingrefining action by the introduction of a treatinggas.

244 By mounting vessel to revolve about its lon-gitudinal axis:This subclass is indented under subclass 243.Device wherein means are provided for sup-porting the receptacle such that it may berotated through more than 360 degrees aboutits lengthwise center line.

245 With means pivotally mounting vessel:This subclass is indented under subclass 243.Device wherein means are provided for sup-porting the treating vessel such that the vesselmay be swung about an axis generally normalto its longitudinal axis so that the mouth of thevessel can be moved to a selected one of a plu-rality of positions.

246 Means mounting vessel to trunnion ring:This subclass is indented under subclass 245.Device wherein the means pivotally mountingthe vessel includes a generally annular memberwhich girdles the receptacle and means inter-posed between the receptacle and the girdlingmember to secure the receptacle to the girdlingmember.

247 Means mounting vessel to U-shaped trun-nion support means:This subclass is indented under subclass 245.Device wherein the means pivotally mountingthe vessel includes a member having two armsbetween which the receptacle is supported.

248 Horizontal, rotatable, cylindrical type:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Device including a generally drum-like vesselhaving its longitudinal axis generally parallelto the horizon and adapted to revolve or oscil-late about its longitudinal axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:213, for a drum-type molten metal treating

means which rotates about its longitu-dinal axis through more than 360degrees.

244, for a Bessemer-type treating vesselwhich rotates about its longitudinalaxis through more than 360 degrees.

249 MEANS TREATING SOLID METAL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device wherein means are providedwhich operate upon a metallic object or mass todiscrete metal granules to enhance their physi-cal, chemical, or mechanical properties.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:114, through 134, for apparatus which both

heats and contacts a metallic objectwith a liquid or which includes meansto control the shape of an objectundergoing a liquid contact operation.


classes 559 through 714 for pro-cesses of treating solid or semisolidmetal to modify or maintain the inter-nal physical structure (i.e., micro-structure) or chemical property ofmetal.

432, Heating, appropriate subclasses forfurnaces which merely elevate thetemperature of a metal object to facili-tate some further treatment, e.g., roll-ing, and where no specific gaseousenvironment, treating, or protective, is


September 2008

supplied to, circulated in, or generatedwithin the furnace.

250 Having evacuated chamber:This subclass is indented under subclass 249.Device wherein the work is placed in a recepta-cle having means to change the temperaturethereof, said receptacle further having means tocreate a treating environment by lowering thegas pressure therein.

251 By contact with gas:This subclass is indented under subclass 249.Device wherein the treating operation involves(a) surrounding the metallic article with a spe-cific gaseous atmosphere or (b) applying ordirecting a specific treating gas against themetallic article

252 With heating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 251.Device wherein means are provided to elevatethe temperature of the article being treated.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 349

through 351 for glass annealing ortempering apparatus including heatingand cooling means.

219, Electric Heating, subclasses 50through 162 for other electric heatingof metal and subclasses 600-677 forinductive heating. Note subclasses 74and 75 where a gas is supplied to theheated area.

432, Heating, subclasses 198, 199, and200-205 for furnaces of general utilityhaving gas-introducing means.

253 Bottom feeding furnace:This subclass is indented under subclass 252.Device wherein the article is loaded into atreating chamber from underneath said cham-ber by means moving said article in a substan-tially vertical direction, e.g., an elevator.

254 With indirect heat-exchange means for gas:This subclass is indented under subclass 252.Device wherein a separate means is providedfor altering the temperature of the specificatmosphere, which means is separate from themeans heating the metallic articles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:138, through 141, for devices having

means to elevate the temperature ofthe gas prior to the entry of the gasinto the treating zone.

255 Having work contained in separate, non-communicating chamber, e.g., muffle:This subclass is indented under subclass 252.Device wherein the article to be heated is dis-posed within a receptacle and is maintained outof direct contact with the source of heat orgases evolved thereby.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:262, for a means for treating a solid metal

within a fluid tight heat transferringbox shield, e.g., annealing box.

256 Bell furnace:This subclass is indented under subclass 255.Device wherein the receptacle containing orprotecting the article during treatment is open-bottomed and is lowered over stationary articleprior to said treatment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:263, for a means for treating a solid metal

within a bell-type hood.

257 Having atmosphere generating meanswithin treating zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 252.Device wherein means are provided within thework confining chamber for evolving a gas-eous treating agent.

258 By contacting only selected areas of object:This subclass is indented under subclass 251.Device wherein the apparatus is so arranged oradditional means are provided to insure that thegas contact with the object to be treated will berestricted to only a certain pre-established sec-tion of said object.

259 By cooling of the solid:This subclass is indented under subclass 249.Device wherein means are provided to lowerthe temperature of the article.


1September 2008


classes 559 through 714 for pro-cesses of heating or cooling of solid orsemisolid metal to modify or maintainthe internal physical structure (i.e.,microstructure) or chemical propertyof metal.

165, Heat Exchange, appropriate sub-classes for heat exchanger of generalutility.

260 By contact with solid heat sink:This subclass is indented under subclass 259.Device which includes means for conductioncooling of the articles by physical contact witha solid object which is at a lower temperature.

261 By flame contact heating:This subclass is indented under subclass 249.Device wherein the workpiece is juxtaposedwith a burner element whereby the burning fuelof said burner is allowed to impinge againstand heat said workpiece.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:121, for apparatus for contacting a solid

with a flame and with a liquid.


class 642 for processes of heat treat-ment of an iron or iron based alloywith a flame to modify or maintain theinternal physical structure (i.e., micro-structure) or chemical property ofmetal.

262 Fluid tight heat transferring box shield orhood (e.g., annealing box):This subclass is indented under subclass 249.Device including a removable enclosing recep-tacle or hood specially adapted for holdingmetal articles being heated, shielding themfrom the atmosphere, and equalizing the appli-cation of heat to the metal articles, e.g., anneal-ing or carbonizing boxes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:255, for fluid-tight chamber having means

for contacting the workpiece withinthe chamber with a gas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:432, Heating, subclasses 254.1 and 254.2

for fluid- tight heat transferring boxesof general utility.

263 Bell-type hood, or support for such hood:This subclass is indented under subclass 262.Device including structure adapted to be low-ered about the work comprising a hood closedon its top and sides and open at its bottom, orthe support upon which such hood is lowered.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:256, for bell-type furnace having means for

contacting the workpiece within thehood with a gas.

264 Having packing at hood lip:This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Device including distinct structure for sealingthe joint between the hood and its support.

265 MEANS FOR INTRODUCING FLUENTINTO VESSEL, E.G., TUYERE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device comprising short tubular meansadapted to be mounted in a vessel wall for per-mitting fluents to flow therethrough.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47, for a method of injecting fluents

through a tuyere.186, for a tuyere means combined with an

ore treating or metal extractingmeans.

218, for a tuyere means combined with ametal melting or molten metal treatingmeans.


in a furnace of general utility.


September 2008

266 With flow control means or internal flowguide:This subclass is indented under subclass 265.Device including means to alter either thequantity of material moving through the intro-ducing means or the direction in which saidmaterial is delivered.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:82, for a control means responsive to a

sensed condition for correlating theflow of diverse fluents.

187, for a means for feeding a fluid havingflow-regulating means combined withan ore treating or metal extractingmeans.

223, for a means for feeding a gas havingflow-regulating means combined witha metal melting or molten metal treat-ing means.


fusing, subclasses 590 through 590.5for nozzles of general utility havinginternal flow guides.

267 Having means for simultaneously feedingdiverse materials:This subclass is indented under subclass 265.Device including means to concurrently delivertwo different materials.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:182, for a device for feeding a gas

entrained solid into an ore-treatingmeans.

188, for a tuyere for feeding diverse fluidsinto an ore-treating means.

221, for a tuyere for feeding diverse mate-rial into a means for treating moltenmetal.


fusing, subclasses 398 through 434.5for a nozzle of general utility havingmeans for combining separately sup-plied fluids.

268 Having plural outlets:This subclass is indented under subclass 267.Device including two separate flow paths, eachof which terminate at the outlet of the tuyereand each of which discharges a different mate-rial.


fusing, subclass 549 for a nozzle ofgeneral utility having multiple outletopenings, each of which is suppliedwith a different fluid.

269 Having drain means or cleaner insertionmeans, e.g., punch hole:This subclass is indented under subclass 265.Device wherein means are provided which willeither allow a blockage removing cleaningimplement to be inserted into the introducingmeans or allows undersized material containedwithin the introducing means to run off.

270 Having means preventing damage to intro-ducing means, e.g., wear linings, cooling:This subclass is indented under subclass 265.Device including means to protect the tubularmeans.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:189, for means cooling a tuyere in a metal-

lurgical apparatus.


class 6.6 for liquid-cooled tuyere ele-ments, per se, where a coolant flowsthrough the tuyere element in a closedpath. Those patents which disclose adiversity of water cooled blast furnaceaccessories (e.g., monkeys, coolingboxes), in addition to tuyeres andwhich either specifically claim one ofthese diverse accessories or includes aclaim generic to all such accessories,will be placed as an original in Class266 and will be cross referenced toClass 122.

239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Dif-fusing, subclass 591 for nozzles ofgeneral utility having wear linings.


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271 MEANS SEALING OR OPENING APER-TURE IN VESSEL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device for (a) plugging openings in thewalls of treating or holding receptacles or (b)tapping such openings or otherwise removingplugs or other blockages therefrom.

(1) Note. Examples of apertures plugged bythe sealing means are tuyere openings,cinder or slag notches, tap holes, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:45, for process of opening or closing an

aperture in the wall of a metallurgicalvessel.

136, for tuyere punches combined with thetuyere.

272 By means plugging aperture:This subclass is indented under subclass 271.Device wherein the means is specialized to sealor stop the opening in the vessel wall.

273 By means injecting plugging compound, e.g.,mud gun:This subclass is indented under subclass 272.Device wherein the means to seal the apertureincludes means for extruding a hardenable flu-ent substance into the aperture.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses

for dispensers of general utility andespecially subclass 390 for dispensershaving a supply container with a fol-lower, e.g., a piston, therein and hav-ing a screw to advance the follower.

274 MEANS FOR HOLDING OR SUPPORT-ING WORK:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device which comprises means special-ized to contain or retain either metalliferousmaterial or a solid metal member while suchmaterial or member undergoes a metallurgicaltreatment.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses

for work holders of general utility.

275 Receptacle:This subclass is indented under subclass 274.Device wherein the containing or retainingmeans is a container which volumetrically con-fines the work undergoing treatment.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:164, Metal Founding, subclasses 335

through 337 for metal-casting appara-tus including a ladle or crucible-typemetal receptacle.

432, Heating, subclasses 262 through 265 for a refractory vessel for holdingmetals or ores while being melted orcalcined.

276 With means movably supporting receptacle:This subclass is indented under subclass 275.Device wherein means are provided for mount-ing the container such that its attitude may bechanged, e.g., by moving it from place to place,by tilting, or the like.

277 By bed of rollers:This subclass is indented under subclass 276.Device wherein the container is mounted on aplurality of cylindrical members, each of whichis adapted to revolve about its longitudinalaxis.

278 Having corrugated wall:This subclass is indented under subclass 275.Device wherein a wall of the container isformed with a plurality of alternating ribs andgrooves which give an undulating appearanceto the wall.

279 Grate:This subclass is indented under subclass 274.Device wherein the means for supporting thework is a member having a generally planarsurface, which surface sustains the workagainst the effect of gravity and which surfacehas openings therethrough for the passage ofcombustion gases, air, or the like.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:159, for grate-support means combined

with gas offtake means.178, through 180, for a traveling grate

means combined with heating struc-ture.


September 2008

185, for grate-support means combinedwith heating structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:110, Furnaces, subclasses 267 through 294

for progressive-feed grates.122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-

classes 371 through 378 for water-cooled grates.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses 152+for general structure of grates.

280 LININGS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device which comprises the specific con-struction or composition of the metal or orecontacting inner covering of a treating vessel.


Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, subclass 301 for reactivefurnace linings.

432, Heating, subclasses 248 and 264 forlinings of furnaces of general utility.

501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriatesubclasses for ceramic compositionsuseful as linings.

281 With making or repairing means:This subclass is indented under subclass 280.Device including means facilitating the form-ing, building, replacing, or restoring of suchlining.

(1) Note. Included herein are forms, meansto remove old linings, and means to han-dle the linings to be or being constructedor replaced.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shap-

ing or Treating: Processes, subclass30 for processes of furnace lining for-mation and repair.

282 With metallic means to prevent lining abra-sion:This subclass is indented under subclass 280.Device including metallic elements fastened to,supported by, or otherwise contained within the

lining for the purpose of warding off wear ofthe lining surface.

(1) Note. The metal elements includedherein are adjuncts to the lining, a com-plete metal lining even though made inparts is not included herein.

283 Having particular lining element shape:This subclass is indented under subclass 280.Device including the particular configurationof at least one of the elements which, togetherwith others of like or unlike configuration,make up the lining.

284 Having specific grain size:This subclass is indented under subclass 280.Device including the particular size or range ofsizes of the particles forming the raw materialof the lining.

285 With means allowing for expansion:This subclass is indented under subclass 280.Device including means to allow for the swell-ing of the lining or lining elements due to tem-perature change.

286 With specific lining enclosing structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 280.Device including the particular shape, compo-sition, structure, or characteristic of the vesselwall or walls adjacent the lining.

(1) Note. The coating of a vessel wall is notsufficient for this subclass unless somecooperating characteristic of the wall isclaimed. The characteristic of the wallmay be relative denseness or relativeheat-absorbing capacity, with respect tothe lining, or any other specific cooperat-ing feature as between the wall or wallsand the lining.

(2) Note. Specific structural supportsbetween the lining and adjacent wall orwalls is included under this subclass.

287 MISCELLANEOUS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus not provided for above.

(1) Note. Examples of the devices to befound herein are ladle repair cages andhand held skimming tools.


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CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS

900 METAL MELTING FURNACES, E.G.,CUPOLA TYPE:Furnaces, especially shaft type, adapted to liq-uefy metal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:213, for revolving-drum type melting fur-

naces.242, for heated melting pots.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,

appropriate subclasses for metal melt-ing furnaces of the electric type.

432, Heating, appropriate subclasses forheating furnaces of general utility.

901 SCRAP METAL PREHEATING ORMELTING:Device wherein (a) a means is provided for thereclamation of scrap metal by liquefying it bythe application of heat or (b) a means is pro-vided for raising the temperature of scrap metalprior to its introduction of the treating vessel.

902 BLOWPIPES SPECIALIZED TO TRANS-VERSELY CUT OR NOTCH BLOOMS,BILLETS OR BARS:Torches adapted to notch or sever a bloom, bil-let, or bar in a plane normal to the longitudinalaxis of the workpiece.

903 SAFETY SHIELDS:Apparatus including plate-like means to protecta vessel or operating personnel from the effectsof heat and molten material.

904 BLOWPIPE CUTTING HEADS:Tips used in conjunction with cutting torches.

905 REFRACTORY METAL-EXTRACTINGMEANS:Apparatus adapted to liberate a refractorymetal from a source of such metal.

END

September 2008 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 266 - 1 CLASS ...

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