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Sep 2012 Lesson 3.1 Air Law Aerodromes

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Reference From the Ground Up Chapter 4.1: Aerodromes Pages 89 - 98

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Introduction Aerodromes and their aircraft manoeuvring areas are important to know when operating an aircraft on and around them.Aerodromes and their aircraft manoeuvring areas are important to know when operating an aircraft on and around them. It is important to know and understand the use of all markings and lighting when flying and taxiing.It is important to know and understand the use of all markings and lighting when flying and taxiing.

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Outline DefinitionsDefinitions Runway NumberingRunway Numbering Aerodrome MarkingsAerodrome Markings Wind IndicatorsWind Indicators Aerodrome LightingAerodrome Lighting Radio TermsRadio Terms Light SignalsLight Signals

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Definitions Aerodrome - Any area of land or water designed for the arrival, departure, movement and servicing of aircraftAerodrome - Any area of land or water designed for the arrival, departure, movement and servicing of aircraft Airport - Any aerodrome in which a certificate is in forceAirport - Any aerodrome in which a certificate is in force Movement Area - Areas used for surface movement of aircraft, including maneuvering areas and apronsMovement Area - Areas used for surface movement of aircraft, including maneuvering areas and aprons Maneuvering Area - Areas used for taking off, landing and aircraft taxiing, including runways and taxiwaysManeuvering Area - Areas used for taking off, landing and aircraft taxiing, including runways and taxiways Apron (AKA Ramp) - Area for loading/unloading, refueling, servicing and parking aircraftApron (AKA Ramp) - Area for loading/unloading, refueling, servicing and parking aircraft

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Runway Numbering Runway number:Runway number: 1.Magnetic bearing 2.Round to nearest 10 3.Omit last digit 4.Add L, C or R if more than one parallel runway (left, centre or right) Example:Example: Runway pointing 18 = Rwy 02 Parallel runways pointing 151 = Rwy 15L and Rwy 15R Other end of runway is reciprocal number (+ or - 18)Other end of runway is reciprocal number (+ or - 18)

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Runway Numbering 0360 180 90270 05 23 45 magnetic bearing 225 magnetic bearing

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Runway Numbering 0360 180 90270 36L 18R 36R 18L

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Runway Markings

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09 Runway Centreline White lines in middle of runway Threshold White line across end of runway Displaced Threshold Arrows on pavement before threshold Area not to be used for landing

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Taxiway Markings 09 Taxiway Centerline Yellow line in middle of taxiway Aircraft centre themselves on line Hold Lines Yellow lines across taxiway Aircraft must hold short at line unless cleared to cross

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Unserviceable Areas 09 Aircraft not to use unserviceable areas Large white or yellow Xs on both ends of and along runway or taxiway Red flags or flashing red lights may mark unserviceable areas that can be passed with caution

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Wind Indicators Wind SockWind Sock Points away from wind Straight = 15 kts or more 30 down = 6 kts Fluctuating = Gusty Tetrahedron (or Wind T)Tetrahedron (or Wind T) Points into wind Does not show wind speed

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Aerodrome Lighting Aerodrome Lighting Runway Threshold - Green Runway End - Red Runway Edges - White Taxiway Edges - Blue Obstructions/building/towers Steady or flashing red lights or white strobe lights

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Approach Lights

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VASIS Below approach slope Correct approach slope Above approach slope VASIS = Visual Approach Slope Indicator System All Red All White

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PAPI

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PAPI PAPI = Precision Approach Path Indicator Correct approach Low Slightly low Slightly high High All Red All White

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Circuit 09 27 Crosswind Leg Downwind Leg Base Leg Final Leg Crosswind Leg Upwind Side Enter here Left turns = Left-hand circuit (default aerodrome circuit)

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Radio Terms

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NORDO (No Radio)NORDO (No Radio) Aircraft not capable of communicating over radio Either no radio or radio malfunction RONLY (receive only)RONLY (receive only) Aircraft can only receive radio, but not transmit Aircraft may confirm messages through visual signals (such as rocking wings)

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Light Signals

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Ground Light Signals Ground Light Signals Flashing Green LightCleared to taxiFlashing Green LightCleared to taxi Steady Green LightCleared for take-offSteady Green LightCleared for take-off Flashing Red LightTaxi clear of runway in useFlashing Red LightTaxi clear of runway in use Steady Red LightStopSteady Red LightStop Flashing White LightReturn to starting point on airportFlashing White LightReturn to starting point on airport Blinking Runway LightsVacate runway immediatelyBlinking Runway LightsVacate runway immediately

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Air Light Signals Steady Green LightClear to landSteady Green LightClear to land Steady Red LightDo not land, continue in circuit (or Red Flare)Steady Red LightDo not land, continue in circuit (or Red Flare) Flashing Green LightReturn for landingFlashing Green LightReturn for landing Alternating Red andDanger, be on alert Green Light (US)Alternating Red andDanger, be on alert Green Light (US) Flashing Red LightAirport unsafe, do not landFlashing Red LightAirport unsafe, do not land Red Pyrotechnical LightDo not land for the time beingRed Pyrotechnical LightDo not land for the time being

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Next Lesson 3.2 Air Law Airspace From the Ground Up Chapter 4.2: The Canadian Airspace System Pages 98 - 105