Sentence types 60891-17k88av
Transcript of Sentence types 60891-17k88av
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Sentence Structure
Sentence Types
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Sentence Structure
Sentence Types
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Sentence Types
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
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Basic Elementsof
Every Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
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Basic Elements
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
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SIMPLE SENTENCE
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
one subject one predicate
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Simple Sentence
play tennis.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject
&
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Simple Sentence
play tennis and swim.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
& &
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SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.
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SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
andcompound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
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Hi,I’m Punctuation Pete!
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SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
andcompound predicate
No comma before “and” in compound
subjects and predicates!
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
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Compound Sentence withCoordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
and
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Compound Sentence
Tom swims,
Mary plays tennis.
and
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
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Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and” in compound
sentences!
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Note: Semicolon before conjunctiveadverb and comma after conjunctive adverb!
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
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Conjunctive Adverbs “float”
• Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.
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CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:AT THE BEGINNING
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
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CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:IN THE MIDDLE
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
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CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:IN THE MIDDLE
Note: Place commas before and after a conjunctive adverb
in the middle!
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
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CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:AT THE END
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
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CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:AT THE END
Note: Place a comma before a conjunctive adverb
at the end!
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
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Semicolons
• “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).
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COMPOUND SENTENCE:SEMICOLON
Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.
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Complex Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
even though
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Complex Sentence
Bob is popular
he is ugly.
even though
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
EVEN THOUGH
WHEN
BECAUSE
UNLESS
WHEREAS
ADVERB CLAUSES
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the MAIN clause is first, it is usually NOT
followed by a comma!
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
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COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the ADVERB clause is first, it is followed by a comma!
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
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Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike is popular
he is good looking,
because
he is not very happy.
but
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COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE:COMBINES BOTH TYPES
Punctuate each clause according to its rules!
Mike is popular because he is good looking, but he is not very happy.
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PunctuationReview!
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No commas before “and” in compound subjects and predicates!
My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
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Comma before coordinating conjunction!
Men may exercise harder, but they may not exercise as regularly as women do.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Coordinating Conjunction
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Semicolon before conjunctive adverb
Comma after conjunctiveadverb!
Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; however, some schools fail to distinguish between these groups.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb
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Semicolon after first independent clause--
Commas before and after conjunctiveadverb!
Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; some schools, however, fail to distinguish between these groups.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb--in the middle
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Semicolon after first independent clause--
Comma before conjunctiveadverb!
Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; some schools fail to distinguish between these groups, however.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Conjunctive Adverb at the end
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When main clause is first, it is not usually followed by a comma!
People had continuous moderate exercise when they had to hunt for food.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction
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When the adverb clause is first, it is followed by a comma!
When people had to hunt for food, they had continuous moderate exercise.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction
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References
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.