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Sensorimotor functions of the cerebellum
EXCI-355 Neural Control of Human
Movement
Producing adapted movements
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Plan
Cerebellar structuresConnectivityMovement implicationsPathology
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Textbooks
Neuroscience, Purves et al.
Principles of Neural Science, Kandel et al.
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Functions of the cerebellum
Motor correction: adjusting movement on the fly based on sensory and proprioceptive input
Motor learning: Improving performance of motor sequences with repetition
Balance, coordinating muscle systems across the body
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Figure 19.1 Overall organization and subdivisions of the cerebellum (Part 1)
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Know your cerebellum!
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Figure 19.1 Ventral organization and subdivisions of the cerebellum (Part 2)
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Figure 19.1 Overall organization and subdivisions of the cerebellum (Part 3)
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Figure 19.2 Brainstem and diencephalon components related to the cerebellum
Pontine nuclei – cortical inputInferior olive – movement error/correctionCuneate & Clarke – proprioceptive input
midbrain
pons
medulla
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Figure 19.3 Functional organization of the inputs to the cerebellum (Part 1)
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Ascending vs. descending connectivity
Cerebellum
Cortex
Brainstem
Descendinginput
Descendinginput
Ascending input
Ascending input
DescendingprojectionsDescendingprojections
Ascending projectionsAscending projections
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Summary of inputs to the cerebellum
Descending (from cortex) Motor cortex: Movement commands Premotor cortex: Planning/selecting movement Relayed via pontine and red nuclei
Ascending input (sensory information) Proprioceptive information Vestibular information
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Figure 19.3 Functional organization of the inputs to the cerebellum (Part 2)
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Regions of the cerebral cortex that project to the cerebellum
Cortical inputs: premotor and motor areas in the frontal cortex, and sensory areas in the parietal cortex
F P
OT
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Figure 19.1 Functional organization of cerebellar hemispheres
Cerebrocerebellum: Motor planning and coordination
Spinocerebellum: Control of ongoing body and limb movements
Vestibulocerebellum: Posture, balance, eye movements
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Figure 19.4 Somatotopic maps of the body surface in the cerebellum
Sensory inputs remain topographically mapped
Nearby cerebellar areas control adjacent body parts
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Figure 19.5 Functional organization of cerebellar outputs
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Figure 19.6 Functional organization of the major ascending outputs from the cerebellum (Part 1)
Outputs of deep cerebellar nuclei: Exit the cerebellum
through the superior cerebellar peduncle
Project direct to subcortical targets
Through the thalamus to motor cortex
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Figure 19.6 Functional organization of the major ascending outputs from the cerebellum (Part 2)
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Figure 19.8 Functional organization of the major descending outputs from the cerebellum
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Summary of efferent projections from the cerebellum
Ascending: Back to motor and premotor cortex
Descending: Superior colliculus: eye movements Reticular formation: planning/correcting
movement Vestibular nuclei: balance
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Activity
The cerebellum cares about the opposite side of the body _____
The cerebellum gets information from the spinal cord _____
The cerebellum gets information from the cerebral cortex _____
The cerebellum is organized of a cortex part and a nuclear part _____
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Activity
The cerebellum cares about the opposite side of the body __F___
The cerebellum gets information from the spinal cord __T___
The cerebellum gets information from the cerebral cortex __T___
The cerebellum is organized of a cortex part and a nuclear part __T___
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Figure 19.14 The pathology of neurological diseases provides insights into the function of the cerebellum
What part of cerebellum is damaged?
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Figure 19.1 Overall organization and subdivisions of the cerebellum (Part 1)
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How might this damage give rise to the deficit seen?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jYaeRzYF94
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Figure 19.4 Somatotopic maps of the body surface in the cerebellum
Sensory inputs remain topographically mapped
Nearby cerebellar areas control adjacent body parts
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Which part of cerebellum do you think is affected?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eBwn22Bnio
Which hemisphere is lesioned?
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Conclusions
The cerebellum helps in motor coordination by parallel computations
Is involved in motor planning and execution Damage to the cerebellum:
Causes ipsilateral deficits Interferes with smooth, coordinate movement