28/05/2015CPqD 2015

Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers:

Linear Amplification;

Space Switches;

and Wavelength-Reuse Schemes

LAPCOM- Advanced Optical Comm. & Microwave Lab.

FEEC –DECOM - Unicamp

Authors

Prof. Cristiano Gallep

Prof. Aldário Bordonalli

Dr. Napoleão Ribeiro (now with Fed. Gov.)

Dr. Andrea Chiuchiarelli (now with CPqD)

Dr. Marcelo Ribeiro

Dr. Rafael Figueiredo

Peterson Rocha

Tiago Sutili

Bruno Taglietti

Prof. Evandro Conforti

11/27/2014LAOP 2014

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Summary: part 1

SOA Amplifiers: Linearization Scheme

Introduction;

Results (simulated);

Conclusion.

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What is a SOA

Diode Laser: amplifier gain medium + facet mirrors to reflect light (backward and forward)

SOA: laser without the facet mirrors

So, the light is amplified traveling just one time in the gain medium

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ElectricalCurrent

Light IN

Light OUT + SOA Noise

(ASE)

Anti-reflection

<< Gain Regionwith optical waveguide

SOA illustration

Anti-reflection

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SOA Phase Noise

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Nearly-Linear SOA scheme

P. Rocha. C.M.Gallep, E. Conforti, Patent Pending, BR1020140306363, 12/12/2014, Padtec-Unicamp.

Gain Region(optical waveguide

with 2 SOAs )

Second SOA acts as a

SaturableAbsorber

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After First SOA

After SecondSOA

(VPI simul.)

P. Rocha. C.M.Gallep, E. Conforti, Patent Pending, BR1020140306363, 12/12/2014, Padtec-Unicamp.

Before First SOA

(10 Gbaud)

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Summary: part 2

SOA Space Switches

Introduction;

Experimental Setup;

Results;

Conclusion.

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Optical fiber presents itself as a fundamental technology for scientific and technological advancement.

The growth of transport capacity of information based on the internet protocol (IP) has fueled the development of high-speed transmission systems.However, there is a bottleneck due to processes necessary for switching and routing of IP packets.

Therefore, Photonic Networks present themselves as future solution. Nevertheless, a necessary transition technology is necessary

Optical transition technologies under development:

• Optical Packet Switching (OPS);

• Optical Burst Switching (OBS);

• All-Optical Label Swapping (AOLS).

Introduction

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In these technologies, optical packet switching and optical signal regeneration are features of great importance.

The SOA is a promising device for realizing these features.

SOA advantages :

• Small size (can be integrated)

• High gain (> 30 dB)

• Low dependence of signal polarization (1 dB)

• Non-linear properties on saturation

• SOA disadvantages• non linearity

• phase noise

• high energy consumption per bit

Introduction

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Optical Switch Switching Time

MEMS 0,01 a 1 ms

Thermo-optical < 4 ms

Acousto-optical Hundreds of ns

All Optical Switch < 100 ps

Electro-optical Switch Switching Time

LiNbO3 5 ns

Liquid Cristal Hundreds of s

Holographic < 10 ns

Bragg Grating 10 a 50 ns

SOA 115 ps

Introduction

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RESUME

So, Optical Networks (ON) and Data Centers (DC) requires low latency with fast bandwidth

delivery and restoration.

Optical Space Switches are essential part of high speed ON & DC;

We will show results for electro-optical switches based on Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA)

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How to operate the SOA electro-optical switches: by controlling the electronic current

that drives the optical devices.

Example of application: a Data Center

containing optical space switches wheresome of the SOAs are turned off/onby conveniently controllingthe SOAs bias currents.

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W. Miao, J. Luo, S. diLucente, H. Dorren, and N. Calabretta. Opt. Exp. Vol. 22

N.3, 2014. Cobra Institute, Netherlands

SOA Switch

Electrical Control

Practical Example of 2014

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(c) SOA optical response

forelectrical input of (a).

Switch Operation

(a) Electrical step,

IDC = 80 mA;

(b) optical gaincurve

of the SOA;

rise time

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PISIC - Pre - emphasis technique

C.M. Gallep and E. Conforti. IEEE PTL, 2002 .

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The ideal and real current PISIC pulse obtained (IEEE PTL 2009)

PISIC Result

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(a)Experimental setup for electro-optical switching

analysis;

(b) example of PISIC and MISIC formats (JLT, 2015).

New approach : MISIC

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(a) Misic1 electrical pulse (IDC = 80 mA) (b) SOA optical response to (a). ( JLT, 2015)

New approach : MISIC

115 ps

Reduced variations

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Limitation: the energy consumption

needs improvement since several SOAs

must be located in a practical switch

It is necessary to integrate the

microwave circuit with the SOAs and

optical waveguides (hybrid solutions ?).

weakness

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Optical Table

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MISIC with SOA Chip setup

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MISIC with SOA Chip setup

( JLT, 2015)

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MISIC with SOA Chip setup

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SOA Chip

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SOA Chip setup Modeling

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Experimental (solid line) and theoretical (dotted line)

SOA microwave mount input electrical impedance modulus and phase ( JLT, 2015).

SOA Chip Impedance

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Experimental (solid line) and theoretical (dotted line) SOA optical output normalized power versus the microwave injected current frequency (JLT, 2015)

(SOA bias of 60 mA and -10 dBm optical input power).

SOA Chip Electro-optical resp.

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Equivalent circuit for the SOA mount of Fig 8 (at 60 mASOA bias). (a) the upper part represents the microwave injection current mount, has fixed values and should be directly connected to the (b) lower part representing the SOA ( JLT, 2015)

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Experimental and simulated SOA optical response ( JLT, 2015)

MISIC: Theory and Experiment

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Wavelength-Reuse Schemes

Introduction;

Main proposal;

Experimental Setup;

Results;

Conclusion.

Summary: part 3

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Introduction

>> WDM-PON Networks in FTTH (Fiber-To-The-Home).

>> If the same carrier is used for the return channel,

efficiency will be higher and prices might decrease.

Wavelength Reuse

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Main approach

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Experimental setup (< 12.5Gb/s)

>> Erasing quality decrease

slightly with bit rate. *

* N. Ribeiro, C. M. Gallep and E. Conforti,

Optics Express v. 18, p. 27298-27305, 2010.

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Resultados experimentais

* N. Ribeiro, C. M. Gallep and E. Conforti, OFC 2011.

>> Erasing quality (BER) for 7 Gbit/s downstream and 12.5 Gbit/s upstream.

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Experimental setup ( up to 56 Gb/s)

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Exp. with 25 km of Fiber

*

* N. Ribeiro. C. M. Gallep and E. Conforti, JLT 2013

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Setup of the optical access network with Fabry-

Perot based wavelength converter at RN for optical multicast transmission.

* Andrea Chiuchiarelli, C. M. Gallep and E. Conforti, Patent Pending,

BR102014018890, 28/07/2014, Padtec-Unicamp.

ReflectiveSOA

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Upstream bit error rate curves for the wavelength-

converted optical channel at another wavelength.Inset: eye diagram of the remodulated signal.

* Andrea Chiuchiarelli, C. M. Gallep and E. Conforti, Patent Pending,

BR102014018890, 28/07/2014, Padtec-Unicamp.

Conclusions

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>> SOAs have the potential to be used in Optical Switching and in non- linear applications such us wavelength reuse.

>> However, improvements on price and development of Photonic Integrated Circuits with SOAs are necessary to improve speed and performance.

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Sponsors

CPqD 2015