Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for Passive Optical...
34
Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for Passive Optical Networks Leo Spiekman, David Piehler Alphion Corp.
Transcript of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for Passive Optical...
Sem
iconduct
or
Optica
l Am
plif
iers
fo
r Pas
sive
Optica
l N
etw
ork
s
Leo
Spie
kman
, Dav
id P
iehl
erAl
phio
n C
orp.
2Le
o Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Exp
andin
g t
he
PON
lin
k budget
Tool
kit:
–Tr
ansm
itter
opt
ical
pow
er /
disp
ersi
on to
lera
nce
•D
irect
mod
ulat
ion,
ext
erna
l mod
ulat
ion
–R
ecei
ver s
ensi
tivity
•PI
N, A
PD
–FE
C–
Opt
ical
am
plifi
catio
n•
SOAs
•ED
FAs
(and
oth
er fi
ber a
mpl
ifier
s)•
Ram
an A
mpl
ifier
s
focu
s of
this
talk
3Le
o Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
ED
FAs
vs.
SO
As
for
PON
s
•U
biqu
itous
in o
ptic
al
com
mun
icat
ions
•H
igh
outp
ut p
ower
•O
nly
oper
ates
in th
e 15
50
nm b
and
•Ba
sed
on u
biqu
itous
InP
tele
com
tech
nolo
gy•
Low
er o
utpu
t pow
er•
Ope
rate
s at
all
telc
ola
ser
wav
elen
gths
1100
1
200
1
300
1400
15
00
1
600
nm
1 0W
avel
engt
hED
FA B
andw
idth
4 T
Hz
4Le
o Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Sem
iconduct
or
Optica
l Am
plif
ier
Mat
ure
tech
nolo
gy:
–C
hip
is e
ssen
tially
an
anti-
refle
ctio
n co
ated
FP
lase
r–
Indu
stry
sta
ndar
d bu
tterfl
y pa
ckag
ing
–C
ost c
ompa
rabl
e to
ED
FA p
ump
lase
r
Key
adv
anta
ge:
–Am
plifi
catio
n at
any
des
ired
λin
rang
e 12
00 …
165
0 nm
–C
over
s al
l wav
elen
gths
use
d in
PO
N
and
CW
DM
–Ea
ch a
mpl
ifier
has
~80
nm
BW
–Ec
onom
ies
of in
tegr
atio
n
5Le
o Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
SO
As
in P
ON
s
OLT Rx
OLT Tx
ON
TR
x
ON
TTx
SO
AS
OA
SO
AS
OA
1xN
split
1xN
split
boos
ter
pre
amp
In-li
ne
For t
he p
urpo
ses
of th
is ta
lk w
e co
nsid
er th
e S
OA
as
an O
LT b
oost
er o
r pre
amp,
or a
s an
inlin
e am
p.
6Le
o Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Out
put F
iber
Inpu
t Fib
er
Lens
Lens
I fA
ctiv
e La
yer
Sig
nal I
nS
igna
l Out
Chi
p
Pack
agin
g o
f SO
A c
hip
•Bu
ried
hete
ro-s
truct
ure
•M
ulti-
quan
tum
-wel
l (sh
own)
or b
ulk
activ
e la
yer
•Ex
trem
ely
low
face
t ref
lect
ion:
< 1
0-4
–An
gled
stri
pes,
Ant
i-ref
lect
ion
coat
ings
7Le
o Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Cur
rent
Sou
rce
Am
plifi
edLi
ght
Ele
ctro
ns
Hol
es
Oper
atin
g P
rinci
ple
•St
imul
ated
em
issi
on a
roun
d ba
ndga
pw
avel
engt
h of
sem
icon
duct
or•
Band
gap
wav
elen
gth
wid
ely
tuna
ble
with
mat
eria
l com
posi
tion
Wav
egui
de C
ore:
InG
aAsP
Wav
egui
de C
ladd
ing:
InP
8Le
o Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
500
µ µµµm
SO
A C
hip
900
µ µµµm
9Le
o Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Man
y SO
A c
hip
s in
a u
nit c
ell…
10
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
…m
any
unit c
ells
on a
waf
er
11
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
SO
A o
ptica
l pro
per
ties
Link
per
form
ance
impa
cted
by:
•G
ain
•N
oise
Figu
re•
Out
put P
ower
•A
SE
Spe
ctru
m
12
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Am
plifi
ed S
pont
aneo
us E
mis
sion
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10-5 0
124
0 12
60 1
280
1300
132
0 13
40 1
360
1380
140
0
Power Spectral Density [dB/nm]
Wav
elen
gth
[nm
]
13
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
SO
A G
ain,
PD
G, N
F
•Sm
ooth
par
abol
ic g
ain
shap
e th
anks
to
sem
icon
duct
or b
ands
•3-
dB g
ain
band
wid
th
appr
ox. 8
0 nm
•PD
G o
f <0.
5 dB
can
now
ro
utin
ely
be a
chie
ved
•N
F=
2 n s
p/ηn s
p=
popu
latio
n in
vers
ion
fact
orη
= fib
er-c
hip
coup
ling
effic
ienc
y
•Th
eore
tical
lim
it 3
dB 0 5 10
15
20
147
0 1
480
149
0 1
500
151
0 1
520
Gain / NF [dB]
Wav
elen
gth
[nm
]
TE G
ain
TM G
ain
TE N
FTM
NF
14
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Pola
riza
tion D
epen
den
ce
•Po
lariz
atio
n in
depe
nden
t gai
n no
t aut
omat
ic(u
nlik
e E
DFA
, SO
A w
aveg
uide
not
rota
tiona
lly s
ymm
etric
)•
Use
of s
train
in c
ryst
al to
obt
ain
pola
rizat
ion
inde
pend
ence
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.50.0
0.5
1.0
Incr
easi
ng T
ensi
le S
train
-->
Polarization dependence (dB)
–Te
nsile
stra
ined
Q
uant
um W
ells
–A
ltern
atin
g Te
nsile
/ C
ompr
essi
ve
Qua
ntum
Wel
ls–
Tens
ile B
ulk
Laye
r
15
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
SO
A G
ain
Sat
urat
ion
0 51015202530
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5 0
5 1
0 1
5
Psa
t
(Qua
si-)
Lin
ear R
egim
e
3 dB
•At
larg
e po
wer
s, th
e S
OA
gai
n sa
tura
tes,
just
lik
e an
y ot
her a
mpl
ifier
•Bu
t: sa
tura
tion
and
gain
re
cove
ry o
ccur
on
muc
h fa
ster
tim
esca
le th
an in
an
ED
FA, p
oten
tially
le
adin
g to
pat
tern
ing
effe
cts
Gain [dB]
Out
put P
ower
[dB
m]
16
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Gai
n d
ynam
ics
-6-4-20 -200
020
040
060
080
0Ti
me
(ps)
Gain Compression (dB)
τ=
140
ps
Mod
e Lo
cked
Lase
r, λ 1
CW
, λ2
SO
AS
treak
Cam
era
Filte
r λ 2
•G
ain
dyna
mic
s m
easu
rem
ent u
sing
pum
p-pr
obe
tech
niqu
e•
Gai
n co
mpr
essi
onal
mos
t ins
tant
aneo
us•
Gai
n re
cove
ryof
ord
er o
f bit
perio
d fo
r 10
Gb/
s da
ta
17
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Use
as
Boost
er:
Outp
ut
Pow
er
•Es
sent
ial d
iffer
ence
SO
A-
ED
FA: g
ain
dyna
mic
s ul
trafa
st–
Lim
its o
pera
tion
to n
on-
satu
rate
d re
gim
e–
But b
enef
icia
l for
bur
st d
ata
•Ty
pica
l ava
ilabl
e ou
tput
po
wer
: +10
dB
m•
Hig
her p
ower
ava
ilabl
e fo
r m
ore
inje
ctio
n cu
rren
t
linea
rsa
tura
ted
Bur
st d
ata:
SO
A
ED
FA
J. J
. J.C
rijns
, et a
l., P
hoto
n. T
ech.
Let
t., 1
4, 1
481
(200
2)
18
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
ASE filt
erin
g
•D
epen
ding
on
the
situ
atio
n, th
e A
SE
em
itted
by
the
SO
A c
an im
pact
the
sens
itivi
ty o
f the
re
ceiv
er•
Filte
ring
this
noi
se w
ith a
n op
tical
ban
d pa
ss
filte
r im
prov
es p
erfo
rman
ce a
t the
cos
t of
–Th
e op
tical
filte
r–
The
wav
elen
gth
stab
ility
spec
ifica
tion
of th
e tra
nsm
itter
19
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Use
as
Pre-
Am
plif
ier:
Nois
e Fi
gure
and A
SE filt
erin
g
•10
Gb/
s re
sults
.•
Sen
sitiv
ity im
prov
emen
t ove
r pin
di
ode
depe
nds
on w
idth
of B
PF.
•N
ote:
resu
lt sh
own
with
a 8
-dB
N
F S
OA
.•
Sen
sitiv
ity o
f -30
dBm
at a
BER
of
10-9
for 1
0 G
b/s
CW
DM
pre
-am
plifi
er.
•N
o fil
ter a
t all
(for 1
260
–13
60
nm c
ase)
: stil
l 7 d
B im
prov
emen
t ov
er b
are
pin.
An
unco
ntro
lled,
unco
oled
DFB
can
m
aint
ain
this
wav
elen
gth
rang
e
A fi
lter t
his
narro
wre
quire
s w
avel
engt
h(te
mpe
ratu
re) c
ontro
l of
the
trans
mitt
er
20
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
SO
A p
ream
plif
ier
•An
SO
A p
re-a
mp
can
impr
ove
a 10
Gb/
s P
IN
sens
itivi
ty b
y –
7 dB
if n
o op
tical
filte
r is
used
–10
dB
if a
10
nm o
ptic
al fi
lter i
s us
ed–
13 d
B if
a 1
nm
opt
ical
filte
r is
used
•Th
e op
tical
filte
r ban
dwid
th w
ill h
ave
an im
pact
on
the
wav
elen
gth
spec
on
the
trans
mitt
er•
This
doe
s no
t acc
ount
for b
urst
pen
alty
•SO
A+P
IN s
houl
d gi
ve e
qual
abso
lute
sen
sitiv
ity
toS
OA
+AP
D
21
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
SO
A a
s an
in-l
ine
amplif
ier
L1 (d
B)
L2 (d
B)
ON
TTx
ON
TR
x(P
IN)
SO
AL2
L1
P1
= O
NT
optic
al p
ower
Ppa
= se
nsiti
vity
of S
OA
+PIN
Rx
Ppi
n=
sens
itivi
ty o
f PIN
Rx
Pou
t = m
ax o
utpu
t pow
er o
f SO
AG
= g
ain
of S
OA
L =
link
budg
et w
ithou
t SO
AP
out-P
pin
P1-
Ppa
L1+L
2=G
+L
limite
d by
SO
A n
oise
figu
re a
ndop
tical
filte
r wid
th
limite
d by
SO
A g
ain
limite
d by
SO
A p
ower
We
need
to o
pera
te in
side
gre
en a
rea
22
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Exa
mpl
e S
OA
Per
form
ance
Pas
e,fw
d-8
.7±
0.1
dBm
Pas
e,rev
-8.9
±0.
1dB
mA
SE
pea
k14
94±
1nm
Gai
n rip
ple
0.17
±0.
02dB
PD
G0.
83±
0.09
dBN
F4.
9±
0.1
dBP
sat(3
-dB
)14
.6±
0.1
dBm
Psa
t(1
-dB
)11
.3±
0.03
dBm
23
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Use
of am
plif
ier
in P
ON
•O
ptim
al lo
catio
n is
mid
-spa
n⇒
mod
erat
e re
quire
men
t on
both
NF,
Pou
t and
G•
For a
mpl
ifier
loca
ted
at O
LT:
–Bo
oste
r for
dow
nstre
am (r
eqhi
gh P
out)
–Pr
e-am
p fo
r ups
tream
(req
low
NF)
24
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
2x2
tap
coup
ler
phot
odi
ode
1555
/(1
490,
1310
)W
DM
1310
/14
90W
DM
cont
rol
elec
troni
cs
1310
/14
90W
DM
2x2
fuse
dfib
er
coup
ler
2x2
tap
coup
ler
1555
/(1
490,
1310
)W
DM
phot
odi
ode
phot
odi
ode
SO
A SO
A
exte
rnal
vid
eo o
ptic
al a
mpl
ifier
(ED
FA) (
optio
nal)
1490
nm
→←
131
0 nm
1490
nm
→14
90 n
m →
1490
nm
→14
90 n
m →
1490
nm
→14
90 n
m →
1490
nm
→
← 1
310
nm←
131
0 nm
1490
nm
→←
131
0 nm
← 1
310
nm
← 1
310
nm
← 1
310
nm
← 1
310
nm←
131
0 nm
1550
nm
→
BP
F
BP
F
PON
Ext
ensi
on M
odule
phot
odi
ode
25
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Multi-
Chan
nel
SO
A
2-C
hann
el S
OA
4-C
hann
el S
OA
1550
RF
1490
1310
PON
Lin
e A
mp
Blo
ck
Cor
e C
entr
al
Offi
ce
(OLT
)
60+
km C
apab
ility
30+k
mC
apab
ility
ON
UO
NT
ON
UO
NT
(Rem
ote
CO
)
1550
RF
1490
1310
Am
plifi
ed
Cen
tral
O
ffice
O
LT
1550
RF
1490
1310
PON
Lin
e A
mp
Blo
ck
Cor
e C
entr
al
Offi
ce
(OLT
)
30C
apab
ility
ON
UO
NT
ON
UO
NT
ON
UO
NT
(Rem
ote
CO
)
1550
RF
1490
1310
Am
plifi
ed
Cen
tral
O
ffice
O
LT
26
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Is W
DM
Poss
ible
?
= 40
km
SSM
F=
DC
F=
SOA
λ 1 λ 8
deco
rrel
atin
g4
kmm
odul
ator
10 G
b/s
BP
FB
PF
var.a
tt
1558
-157
0 nm
rece
iver
•8
x 10
Gb/
s W
DM
•6
SO
A-a
mpl
ified
spa
ns•
240
km to
tal d
ista
nce
27
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
8 x
10 G
b/s
WD
M ove
r 240 k
m
•0.
5 …
1.5
dB
pow
er p
enal
ty•
10 d
B la
unch
ed p
ower
tole
ranc
e
-0.10
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
-9-6
-30
3la
unch
ed p
ower
per
cha
nnel
[dB
m]
BER penalty change [dB]
-12
-11
-10-9-8-7-6-5 -3
1-2
9-2
7-2
5-2
3re
ceiv
ed p
ower
[dBm
]
log (error probability)
base
line
240
km
(L.H
. Spi
ekm
an e
t al.,
Pho
ton.
Tec
hnol
. Let
t. 12
(8),
pp. 1
082-
4, 2
000)
20 p
s/di
v
28
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
No
indi
catio
n of
eye
dis
torti
on d
ue to
cro
ss-
gain
mod
ulat
ion
1450
1490
1530
1570
1610
-40
-30
-20
-100
dBm
λ[n
m]
Spe
ctru
m a
fter 5
0 km
fibe
r + S
OA
H. J
. Thi
ele
et a
l., O
FC 2
003,
pap
er M
F21.
Use
of SO
A in C
WD
M-P
ON
Out
put P
ower
Wav
elen
gth
[nm
]
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10010
Line
ar O
ptic
al A
mpl
ifier
ED
FA
35 d
B
Out
put P
ower
Wav
elen
gth
[nm
]
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10010
SO
AE
DFA
35 d
B
Bac
k to
bac
k50
km
AllW
ave
+ S
OA
Output Power [dBm/nm]
29
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
CW
DM
1470
1490
1610… …
1550
LiN
bO3
MO
D70
km
SO
A
60 k
m
CW
DM 14
7014
90
1610… …
1550
C-B
and
DW
DM
Upg
rade…RC
VR
1R
CV
R2
RC
VR
8
APD
s
C-B
and
DW
DM
λ λλλ 1 λ λλλ 2 … λ λλλ 8 Upg
rade
-80
-60
-40
-200 14
4014
9015
4015
9016
40
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
Power (dBm)Tak
ing A
dva
nta
ge
of Bro
ad S
OA
Gai
n B
andw
idth
•Ei
ght C
WD
M c
hann
els
ampl
ified
by
a si
ngle
SO
A•
Upg
rade
by
repl
acin
g m
iddl
e C
WD
M
chan
nel w
ith 8
DW
DM
cha
nnel
s.
(P.P
. Ian
none
et a
l., O
FC 2
003,
pap
er T
hQ3)
30
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
I = 0
mA
ER
> 5
0 dB I =
250
mA
SO
A a
s a
dat
a m
odula
tor
•H
igh
cont
rast
(> 4
0 dB
)•
Fast
(<ns
)
31
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Net
wor
k N
ode
Det
ail
Acc
ess
Nod
e D
etai
l
End
Stat
ion
Det
ail
Rx
DAT
A
SOA
Mod
AN
N
Net
wor
kN
ode
…,
λλλλ1,λλλλ
2,λλλλN
AN
2
ES (J
+1) 1
ES 1
2
λ λλλ 1ES
1N
λ λλλ 2
λ λλλ N
ES 2
1ES
J1
Acc
ess
Nod
e 1
End
Stat
ion
1 1 λ λλλ 1
WG
R
λ λλλ 1λ λλλ 2
Dm
ux
Rx’
sR
1R
2
Mux
Tx’s
λ λλλ 1λ λλλ 2
Wav
elen
gth
-agnost
ic e
xam
ple
in
an a
cces
s net
work
Can
als
o be
co
nfig
ured
as
refle
ctiv
e S
OA
: si
ngle
fibe
r to
ON
UP
. Ian
none
, et a
l., J
. Lig
htw
ave
Tech
., 18
, 195
5 (2
000)
.
32
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Ref
lect
ive
SO
A
•Si
ngle
fibe
r con
nect
ion
•C
heap
pac
kagi
ng (T
O-c
an)
•C
urre
ntly
ass
umed
to b
e ex
tern
ally
coo
led
(I.Ta
furM
onro
yet
al.,
Opt
ics
Exp
ress
14(
18),
pp. 8
060-
4, 2
006)
5 G
b/s
33
Leo
Spie
kman
, D
avid
Pie
hle
r, A
lphio
n C
orp.
–N
ovem
ber
2006
Sum
mary
•Am
plifi
catio
n in
acc
ess
allo
ws
syst
em m
argi
n en
hanc
emen
t•
SOA
is a
can
dida
te te
chno
logy
with
a h
igh
leve
l of
mat
urity
•Bo
oste
r allo
ws
oper
atio
n up
to a
t lea
st+1
0dB
m•
Pre-
ampl
ifier
incr
ease
s m
argi
n w
rt. P
IN b
y 7
–13
dB
, de
pend
ing
on w
heth
er fi
lter i
s pe
rmitt
ed•
In-li
ne a
mpl
ifier
can
ext
end
dist
ance
and
spl
it ra
tio.
•Ke
y ad
vant
age
is th
at p
rese
nt P
ON
wav
elen
gth
assi
gnm
ents
are
sup
porte
d•
Gro
wth
pat
h to
war
ds C
WD
M-P
ON
ava
ilabl
e
