Sediment Quality Management

under the ICPDR

Igor LiškaICPDR Secretariat

The Danube River Protection Convention

A legal frame for co-operation to assure the protection of water and ecological

resources and their sustainable use in the Danube River Basin

2

According to the Article 9 of the DRPC the Contracting Parties to DRPC have agreed to co-operate in the field of monitoring and assessment of the water resources.

3

TNMN

• Based on national monitoring networks• 78 sampling stations (72 provided data in

2002)• 52 determinands in water• Minimum sampling frequency 12/year

(chem) 2/year (biol)

4

10o

12 30'o

15o

17 30'o

20o

22 30'o

25o

27 30'o

30o

45o

50o

45o

47 30'o

42 30'o

47 30'o

Sofia

Bucuresti

Kishinev

Praha

München

Wien

Bratislava

Budapest

ZagrebLjubljana

Sarajevo

Beograd

Ismail

Juz. Morava

Zap. Morava

Morava

TaraPiva

Drina

Sava

Bosna

Ukr

ina

Vrb

as

Sana

Una

Sava

Kupa

Sava

Dravina

Mura

Drava

Drava

Kapos

Zala

Sio

Rab

a

Letha

Morava

Morava

Vah

Nitra Hron

Ipel Tarna

Zogyva

Slana

Hornad

Tisza

Tisza

Tisza

KörösCrisul Negro

Crisul Alb

Mures

Tamis

Danube

Danube

Danube

Somes

Somes

Prut

Prut

Siret

Moldova

Bistritja

IalomitaArges

Olt

J iu

Beli LomRus. Lom

Jantra

Osa

m

Vit

Iska

r

Lom

Ogosta

Danube

Brigoch

Breg

Il ler

Altmühl

Naa

b

Regen

IsarInn

Inn

Enns

Siret

Savinja

Crasna

Berethlyd

Crisul Repede

Skû t Rosic

a

BegaAranca

Jijia

Elov

itzch

anne

l

Saj

o

Rimava

Ondava

Pesnica

Kühtre

iber-

stre

am

JihlavaDyje

Ris

s

L ech

Salzach

Dyje

Svratka

Svitava Becva

Bodro

g

MD03

MD01

MD04

RO04

BG05

RO09

RO03

BG08BG04

BG03

RO05

BG02RO02

BG01

RO01HR08

HR02

BIH01

BIH02BIH03 BIH04

HR01

SCG01

SCG02SCG03

SCG09

SCG10

SCG11

SCG13

SCG04

SCG15 SCG16

SCG05SCG14

SCG17

SCG07

SCG08

H05

H08

H09

HR05HR07

HR04

SL01H06

H07

H03H01

SK01

SK03

H02

SK04

CZ02

D01

D03

A04

CZ01

H04

HR06

HR03

D04

A02

A03

A01

D02

SCG06

SCG12

0 50 100 250 km150 250

on the Danube River on the tributary

Monitoring location

BG

FYROM

RO

CZ

SK

HA

D

SL HR

BIH FRY

MD

UAPL

BLACKSEA

I

5

Determinand Unit ClassI II - TV III IV V

Class limit valuesOxygen/Nutrient regimeDissolved oxygen * mg.l-1 7 6 5 4 < 4BOD5 mg.l-1 3 5 10 25 > 25CODMn mg.l-1 5 10 20 50 > 50CODCr mg.l-1 10 25 50 125 > 125pH - > 6.5* and

< 8.5Ammonium-N mg.l-1 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.5 > 1.5Nitrite-N mg.l-1 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.3 > 0.3Nitrate-N mg.l-1 1 3 6 15 > 15Total-N mg.l-1 1.5 4 8 20 > 20Ortho-phosphate-P mg.l-1 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 > 0.5Total-P mg.l-1 0.1 0.2 0.4 1 > 1Chlorophyll-a µg.l-1 25 50 100 250 > 250Metals (total)Zinc µg.l-1 bg 100 200 500 > 500Copper µg.l-1 bg 20 40 100 > 100Chromium (Cr-III+VI) µg.l-1 bg 50 100 250 > 250Lead µg.l-1 bg 5 10 25 > 25Cadmium µg.l-1 bg 1 2 5 > 5Mercury µg.l-1 bg 0.1 0.2 0.5 > 0.5Nickel µg.l-1 bg 50 100 250 > 250Arsenic µg.l-1 bg 5 10 25 > 25

Toxic substancesAOX µg.l-1 10 50 100 250 > 250Lindane µg.l-1 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 > 0.5p,p´-DDT µg.l-1 0.001 0.01 0.02 0.05 > 0.05Atrazine µg.l-1 0.02 0.1 0.2 0.5 > 0.5Trichloromethane µg.l-1 0.02 0.6 1.2 1.8 > 1.8Tetrachloromethane µg.l-1 0.02 1 2 5 > 5Trichloroethene µg.l-1 0.02 1 2 5 > 5Tetrachloroethene µg.l-1 0.02 1 2 5 > 5

6

7

10o 12 30'o 15o 17 30'o 20o 22 30'o 25o 27 30'o 30o

45o

50o

45o

47 30'o

42 30'o

47 30'o

Sofia

Bucuresti

Kishinev

Praha

München

Wien

Bratislava

Budapest

ZagrebLjubljana

Sarajevo

Beograd

Ismail

Juz. Morava

Zap. Morava

Morava

TaraPiva

Drina

Sava

Bosna

Ukr

ina

Vrb as

Sana

Una

Sava

Kupa

Sava

Dravina

Mura

Drava

Drava

Kapos

Zala

Sio

Rab

a

Letha

Morava

Morava

Vah

Nitra Hron

Ipel Tarna

Zogyva

Slana

Hornad

Tisza

Tisza

Tisza

KörösCrisul Negro

Crisul Alb

Mures

Tamis

Danube

Danube

Danube

Somes

Somes

Prut

Prut

Siret

Moldova

Bistritja

IalomitaArges

Olt

J iu

Beli LomRus. Lom

Jantra

Osam

Vit

Iska

r

Lom

Ogosta

Danube

Brigoch

Breg

Ille

r

Altmühl

Naa

b

Regen

IsarInn

Inn

Enns

Siret

Savinja

Crasna

Berethlyd

Crisul Repede

Skűt

Rosica

BegaAranca

Jijia

Elov

itzch

anne

l

Sajo

Rimava

On dava

Pesnica

Kühtre

iber-

strea

m

JihlavaDyje

Ris

s

Lech

Salzach

Dyje

Svratka

Svitava

Becva

Bodro

g

BG

FYROM

RO

CZ

SK

HA

D

SL HR

BIH FRY

MD

UAPL

BLACKSEA

I

MD03

MD01

MD04

RO04

BG05

RO09

RO03

BG08BG04

BG03

RO05

BG02RO02

BG01

RO01HR08

HR02

BIH01

BIH02BIH03 BIH04

HR01

SCG01

SCG02SCG03

SCG09

SCG10

SCG11

SCG13

SCG04

SCG15 SCG16

SCG05SCG14

SCG17

SCG07

SCG08

H05

H08

H09

HR05HR07

HR04

SL01H06

H07

H03H01

SK01

SK03

H02

SK04

CZ02

D01

D03

A04

CZ01

H04

HR06

HR03

D04

A02

A03

A01

D02

SCG06

SCG12

0 50 100 250 km150 250

The Danube

Figure 6.5: The classification of NO - N in 20023

-

class II

class III

class IV

class V

no data

Legend class I

10o 12 30'o 15o 17 30'o 20o 22 30'o 25o 27 30'o 30o

45o

50o

45o

47 30'o

42 30'o

47 30'o

Sofia

Bucuresti

Kishinev

Praha

München

Wien

Bratislava

Budapest

ZagrebLjubljana

Sarajevo

Beograd

Ismail

Juz. Morava

Zap. Morava

Morava

TaraPiva

Drina

Sava

Bosna

Ukr

ina

Vr bas

Sana

Una

Sava

Kupa

Sava

Dravina

Mura

Drava

Drava

Kapos

Zala

Sio

Rab

a

Letha

Morav

a

Morava

Vah

Nitra Hron

Ipel Tarna

Zogyva

Slana

Hornad

Tisza

Tisza

Tisz a

KörösCrisul Negro

Crisul Alb

Mures

Tamis

Danube

Danube

Danube

Somes

Somes

Prut

Prut

Siret

Moldova

Bistritja

IalomitaArges

Olt

Jiu

Beli LomRus. Lom

Jantra

Osa

m

Vit

Iska

r

Lom

Ogosta

Danube

Brigoch

Breg

Ille r

Altmühl

Naa

b

Regen

IsarInn

Inn

Enns

Siret

Savinja

Crasna

Berethlyd

Crisul Repede

Skűt

Rosica

BegaAranca

Jijia

Elov

itzch

anne

l

Sajo

Rimava

Ondava

Pesnica

Kühtre

iber-

stre

am

JihlavaDyje

Ris

s

Lech

Salzach

Dyje

Svratka

Svitava

Becva

Bodro

g

BG

FYROM

RO

CZ

SK

HA

D

SL HR

BIH FRY

MD

UAPL

BLACKSEA

I

MD03

MD01

MD04

RO04

BG05

RO09

RO03

BG08BG04

BG03

RO05

BG02RO02

BG01

RO01HR08

HR02

BIH01

BIH02BIH03 BIH04

HR01

SCG01

SCG02SCG03

SCG09

SCG10

SCG11

SCG13

SCG04

SCG15 SCG16

SCG05SCG14

SCG17

SCG07

SCG08

H05

H08

H09

HR05HR07

HR04

SL01H06

H07

H03H01

SK01

SK03

H02

SK04

CZ02

D01

D03

A04

CZ01

H04

HR06

HR03

D04

A02

A03

A01

D02

SCG06

SCG12

Figure 6.9: The classification of Cd in 2002

0 50 100 250 km150 250

The Danube

Legend class II

class III

class IV

class V

no data

Variation in the reported values of NO3-N and TP in AQC water samples

Analytical Quality Control

9

Load assessment programme

• Integrated with the TNMN

• Loads are calculated for BOD5, inorganic nitrogen, ortho-phosphate-phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total phosphorus, suspended solids and chlorides (voluntary)

• Minimum sampling frequency - at least 24 per year

10

Annual loads of suspended solids at monitoring stations along the Danube River in 2002

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

distance from the mouth (km)

su

sp

en

de

d s

olid

s (

x 10

6 to

ns

)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

dis

char

ge

(m

3 .s

-1)

suspended solids discharge

D02+

A01

A04

SK01

H03

H05

RO02

RO05

RO04

11

TNMN sediment monitoringDeterminands in sediments (dry matter)

Unit Minimum likely level of interest

Principal level of interest

Target Limit of Detection

Tolerance

Organic Nitrogen mg/kg 50 500 10 10 or 20%Total Phosphorus mg/kg 50 500 10 10 or 20%Calcium (Ca2+) mg/kg 1000 10000 300 300 or 20%Magnesium (Mg2+) mg/kg 1000 10000 300 300 or 20%Iron (Fe) mg/kg 50 500 20 20 or 20%Manganese (Mn) mg/kg 50 500 20 20 or 20%Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 250 500 50 50 or 20%Copper (Cu) mg/kg 2 20 1 1 or 20% Chromium (Cr) – total mg/kg 2 20 1 1 or 20 %Lead (Pb) mg/kg 2 20 1 1 or 20 %Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.05 or 20%Mercury (Hg) mg/kg 0.05 0.5 0.01 0.01 or 20%Nickel (Ni) mg/kg 2 20 1 1 or 20 %Arsenic (As) mg/kg 2 20 1 1 or 20 %Aluminium (Al) mg/kg 50 500 50 50 or 20%TOC mg/kg 500 5000 100 100 or 20%Petroleum hydrocarbons mg/kg 10 100 1 1 or 20 %Total Extractable matter mg/kg 100 1000 10 10 or 20 %PAH – 6 (each) mg/kg 0.01 0.1 0.003 0.003 or 30%Lindane mg/kg 0.01 0.1 0.003 0.003 or 30%pp’DDT mg/kg 0.01 0.1 0.003 0.003 or 30%PCB – 7 (each) mg/kg 0.01 0.1 0.003 0.003 or 30%

TNMN sediment monitoring

• Only few countries participated

• Regular sediment monitoring considered as superfluous in some countries (low cost/information gain)

• Therefore – regular monitoring replaced by investigative surveys (each 5-6 years)

13

Joint Danube Survey - Objectives• To produce a homogenous data set for the Danube River based on a single

laboratory analysis of selected determinands;

•••• To identify and confirm specific pollution sources;

•••• To screen the pollutants as specified in the proposed EU Water Framework Directive;

•••• To provide a forum for riparian/river basin country participation for sampling and intercomparison exercises;

•••• To facilitate specific training needs and improve in-country experience;

•••• To promote public awareness.

JDS – activities

• Surface water, sediment, mussels and biological (macrozoobenthos, phytobenthos, macrophytes, phytoplankton, zooplankton) samples were collected from 98 sampling sites

• Suspended solids samples were collected from 63 sections of the Danube

• Fifteen parameters (e.g., conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrites, nitrates, total coliforms, faecal coliforms) were analysed on-board

• All samples were sent in regular intervals to the JDS Reference Laboratories for analyses of more than 80 additional determinands

• JDS National Teams worked together with the JDS Core Team, collected samples from the respective national stretches of the Danube and analyzed them in parallel

15

Reach 1 Reach 2 Reach 3 Reach 4 Reach 5 Reach 6 Reach 7 Reach 8 Reach 9

0 50 100 250 km150 250

Danube

tr. = tributaryupstr. = upstreamdownstr. = downstream

tributary JDS points JDS points Danube

JDS 01Neu Ulm

2581

Number JDS pointLocationDanube km

BG

RO

SK

HA

D

HR

BIH

FRY

MD

UAUA

BLACKSEA

Sofia

Bucurest

Kishinev

Munich

ViennaBratislava

Budapest

Zagreb

Sarajevo

Belgrade

Ismail

Mor

ava

Sava

Drava

Rab

a

Morava

Vah

Tisa Tam

is

Prut

Ialomita

Arges

OltJiu

Rus. Lom

Jant

ra

OsamV

it

Iska

r

Lom

Ogosta

Iller

Altmühl

Isar

Inn

Enn

s

Siret

Skût

Ris

s

Lech

JDS 01Neu Ulm

2581

JDS 02Kelheim

2412

JDS 04Kachlet2233

JDS 06Jochenstein

2204

JDS 07Aschach

2165

JDS 08Asten2120

JDS 09Wallsee

2096

JDS 10Ybbs2061

JDS 11Greifenstein

1950

JDS 16tr. Morava

1880

JDS 17Bratislava

1869

JDS 18,19Hrusov reservoir

1856,1852

JDS 21,22Sap; Ásványráró

1812

JDS 20Gabcikovo reservoir 2

1846

JDS 27Iza/Szony

1761

JDS 29tr. Hron1716

JDS 30tr. Ipoly1708

JDS 31Szob1707

JDS 34upstr. Budapest

1659

JDS 36tr. Rackeve arm start

1642

JDS 38tr. Rackeve arm end

1586JDS 39Tass1586

JDS 43Baja1497

JDS 45Batina1424

JDS 46upstr. Drava

1384JDS 48

downstr. Drava1367

JDS 40Dunafoldvar

1560 JDS 41Paks1533JDS 42

tr. Sio1497

JDS 47tr. Drava

1379

JDS 54tr. Tisa1215

JDS 63Starapalanka - Ram

1077

JDS 64Banatska Palanka/Bazias

1071

JDS 65Irongate reservoir(Golubac/Koronin)

1040

JDS 66Irongate reservoir

(Tekija/Orsova)956

JDS 67Vrbica/Simijan

924

JDS 69tr. Timok

845

JDS 74tr. Iskar

637

JDS 73upstr. Iskar

640

JDS 80Svishtov

550

JDS 82downstr. Jantra

532

JDS 76upstr. Olt

606

JDS 75downstr. Iskar

629

JDS 78downstr. Olt

602

JDS 77tr. Olt605

JDS 87tr. Arges

432

JDS 89Chiciu/Silistra

378

JDS 86upstr. Arges

434

JDS 88downstr. Arges

429JDS 90

upstr. Cernavoda295

JDS 91Giurgeni

235

JDS 92Braila167

JDS 93tr. Siret

154

JDS 94Prut135

JDS 95Reni130

JDS 96Vilkova

Chilia arm56

JDS 97Sulina arm

12

JDS 98St. Gheorghe arm

64

JDS 81tr. Jantra

537

JDS 83upstr. Ruse

500

JDS 85downstr. Ruse

488

JDS 84tr. Russenski Lom

498

JDS 79Nikopol

579

JDS 68upstr. Timok

849

JDS 70Novo Selo

834JDS 71Calafat

795

JDS 72downstr. Kozloduy

685

JDS 55downstr. Tisa

1202JDS 53upstr. Tisa

1216

JDS 49Borovo1337

JDS 51upstr. Novi Sad

1262

JDS 52downstr. Novi Sad

1252

JDS 50Ilok/Backa Palanka

1300

JDS 44Hercegszanto

1434

JDS 37downstr.Budapest

1632

JDS 32,33Szetendre Island

1691

JDS 28Esztergom

1719

JDS 26tr. Vah1766JDS 25

Komarno1768

JDS 23Medvedov

1806 JDS 24Moson Danube arm / end

1794

JDS 13tr. Schwechat

1913JDS 15

upstr. Morava1881

JDS 14Wildungsmauer

1895

JDS 12Klosterneuburg

1942

JDS 03Geisling

2358

JDS 05tr. Inn2225

16

Cadmium in Sediments

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

050010001500200025003000

River-km

[µg

/g]

Danube Tributaries

17

Mercury in Sediments

JDS4R - Kachlet

JDS96L - Vilkova

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

050010001500200025003000

River-km

[µg

/g]

Danube Tributaries

18

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

05001000150020002500River-km

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n, µ

g/g

Aluminium Iron Arsenic Chromium Nickel

Spatial distribution of selected elements (logarithmic scale) in suspended solids samples of the Danube river

(without tributaries)

19

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8[µg/g]

Dep

th [

cm]

JDS20 (Gabcikovo Reservoir) < 1.1 µg/gJDS36 (Rackeve Soroksar Danube Arm)JDS63-L (Irongate Reservoir)JDS63-R (Irongate Reservoir)

Concentration of Cadmium in the

investigated sediments core samples

20

≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈����≈≈≈≈����≈≈≈≈����������������Irongate Reservoir (JDS63-R)

≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈������������≈≈≈≈����������������Irongate Reservoir (JDS63-L)

≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈����≈≈≈≈����≈≈≈≈����≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈Rackeve-Soroksar Danube (JDS36)

≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈����≈≈≈≈≈≈≈≈Gabcikovo Reservoir (JDS20)

15101110118714141115Uncertainty of Analytical Method [%]

AlMnFeZnCdNiCuPbHgCrAsElement

Significant changes in the element concentration between layers of the sediment cores

(concentration difference > uncertainty of the analytical procedure)

(“�” - decreasing temporal trend, “�” - increasing temporaltrend, “≈” – no significant change)

21