SECTION1 America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 11 The Civil War (1861–1865) Copyright © 2005...

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America: Pathways to the PresentAmerica: Pathways to the Present

Chapter 11

The Civil War(1861–1865)

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing asPrentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. All rights reserved.

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America: Pathways to the PresentAmerica: Pathways to the Present

Section 1: From Bull Run to Antietam

Section 2: Life Behind the Lines

Section 3: The Tide of War Turns

Section 4: Devastation and New Freedom

Chapter 11: The Civil War (1861–1865)

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing asPrentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. All rights reserved.

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From Bull Run to From Bull Run to AntietamAntietam

• What was the significance of the What was the significance of the First Battle of Bull Run?First Battle of Bull Run?

• How did the North and the South How did the North and the South prepare for war?prepare for war?

• Why were the battles in the West Why were the battles in the West important?important?

• What was the outcome of each of the What was the outcome of each of the battles in the East in 1862?battles in the East in 1862?

Chapter 11, Section 1

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The First Battle of Bull The First Battle of Bull RunRun• The first major battle of the The first major battle of the Civil WarCivil War

ended in a victory for the Confederacy.ended in a victory for the Confederacy.• It became known as the It became known as the First Battle of Bull First Battle of Bull

RunRun because the following year a battle because the following year a battle occurred at almost exactly the same site.occurred at almost exactly the same site.

• Approximately 35,000 troops were involved Approximately 35,000 troops were involved on each side.on each side.

• The Union suffered about 2,900 The Union suffered about 2,900 casualties,casualties, the military term for those killed, wounded, the military term for those killed, wounded, captured, or missing in action.captured, or missing in action.

• Confederate casualties were fewer than Confederate casualties were fewer than 2,000.2,000.


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Preparing for WarPreparing for WarStrengths of the North and the Strengths of the North and the

SouthSouthNorthern AdvantagesNorthern Advantages• More railroadsMore railroads• More factoriesMore factories• Better balance Better balance

between farming between farming and industryand industry

• More moneyMore money• A functioning A functioning

government, an government, an army, and a navyarmy, and a navy

• Two thirds of the Two thirds of the nation’s populationnation’s population

Southern AdvantagesSouthern Advantages• Leadership: Most of the Leadership: Most of the

nation’s military colleges nation’s military colleges were in the South; most were in the South; most officers sided with the officers sided with the Confederacy.Confederacy.

• Military tactics: Because the Military tactics: Because the South was defending its South was defending its borders, its army needed only borders, its army needed only to repel Northern advances to repel Northern advances rather than initiate military rather than initiate military action.action.

• Morale: Many Southerners Morale: Many Southerners were eager to fight to were eager to fight to preserve their way of life and preserve their way of life and their right to self- their right to self- government.government.


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Union commanders wanted a military blockade of seceded states.They hoped to gain control of the Mississippi River.They planned to cut the Confederacy in two, along the Mississippi River.

Union Military Strategies

Preparing for WarPreparing for WarMilitary Military StrategiesStrategies

Jefferson Davis hoped that Lincoln would let the Confederacy go in peace.The South planned for a war of attrition.

Confederate War Strategies

Outdated muskets were replaced with more accurate rifles. Artillery improved with the invention of shells, devices that exploded in the air.Artillery often fired canisters, special shells filled with bullets.

Tactics and Technology


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War in the WestWar in the WestChapter 11, Section 1

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War in the EastWar in the East The The MonitorMonitor and the and the

MerrimackMerrimack• March 9, 1862, the March 9, 1862, the

ships met off the ships met off the Virginia coast.Virginia coast.

• Neither ship was Neither ship was able to do serious able to do serious damage to the damage to the other.other.

• These ships made These ships made the wooden navies the wooden navies of the world of the world obsolete.obsolete.

The Battle of Seven PinesThe Battle of Seven Pines• Union General McClellan Union General McClellan

took some 100,000 troops took some 100,000 troops by boat to attack by boat to attack Richmond. They landed Richmond. They landed southeast of Richmond.southeast of Richmond.

• The Union troops were The Union troops were met by 15,000 met by 15,000 Confederate forces.Confederate forces.

• The Confederate forces The Confederate forces retreated toward retreated toward Richmond.Richmond.

• As McClellan’s army As McClellan’s army neared the capital, the neared the capital, the Southerners turned and Southerners turned and attacked.attacked.

• The North claimed The North claimed victory, but both sides victory, but both sides suffered heavy casualties.suffered heavy casualties.


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The South AttacksThe South AttacksThe Battle of AntietamThe Battle of Antietam• The Confederate forces invaded the North.The Confederate forces invaded the North.• The Union army learned of General Lee’s strategy.The Union army learned of General Lee’s strategy.• On September 17, 1862, the two armies met at On September 17, 1862, the two armies met at

Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland.Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland.• The Union forces had more than 75,000 troops, The Union forces had more than 75,000 troops,

with nearly 25,000 in reserve. The Confederate with nearly 25,000 in reserve. The Confederate forces numbered about 40,000.forces numbered about 40,000.

• By the day’s end, the Union casualties numbered By the day’s end, the Union casualties numbered more than 12,000. The Confederate casualties more than 12,000. The Confederate casualties were nearly 14,000, more than a third of the were nearly 14,000, more than a third of the entire army.entire army.

• The The Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam became the bloodiest day became the bloodiest day of the Civil War.of the Civil War.


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From Bull Run to From Bull Run to Antietam– AssessmentAntietam– Assessment

Which of these choices best summarize the Which of these choices best summarize the advantages of the Confederate forces over the advantages of the Confederate forces over the Union forces?Union forces?

(A) (A) More manufactured goods and more capitalMore manufactured goods and more capital(B)(B) More railroad infrastructure and more experienced leadershipMore railroad infrastructure and more experienced leadership(C) (C) Clearer military objectives and more factories Clearer military objectives and more factories (D) (D) Better morale and more experienced leadershipBetter morale and more experienced leadership

How did the How did the MonitorMonitor and the and the MerrimackMerrimack change change the history of warfare?the history of warfare?

(A) (A) They claimed more lives than any vessels before They claimed more lives than any vessels before them.them.

(B) (B) They made the wooden navies obsolete.They made the wooden navies obsolete.(C) (C) The The MerrimackMerrimack was able to destroy the was able to destroy the MonitorMonitor..(D)(D) Both ships were unsinkable.Both ships were unsinkable.Want to link to the Pathways Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!


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From Bull Run to From Bull Run to Antietam– AssessmentAntietam– Assessment

Which of these choices best summarize the advantages of Which of these choices best summarize the advantages of the Confederate forces over the Union forces?the Confederate forces over the Union forces?

(A) (A) More manufactured goods and more capitalMore manufactured goods and more capital

(B)(B) More railroad infrastructure and more More railroad infrastructure and more experienced leadershipexperienced leadership

(C) (C) Clearer military objectives and more factories Clearer military objectives and more factories

(D) (D) Better morale and more experienced leadershipBetter morale and more experienced leadership

How did the How did the MonitorMonitor and the and the MerrimackMerrimack change the change the history of warfare?history of warfare?

(A) (A) They claimed more lives than any vessels before them.They claimed more lives than any vessels before them.

(B) (B) They made the wooden navies obsolete.They made the wooden navies obsolete.

(C) (C) The The MerrimackMerrimack was able to destroy the was able to destroy the MonitorMonitor..

(D)(D) Both ships were unsinkable.Both ships were unsinkable.Want to link to the Pathways Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!


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Life Behind the LinesLife Behind the Lines

• How did wartime politics affect the How did wartime politics affect the Confederate and Union governments?Confederate and Union governments?

• How did the Emancipation Proclamation How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect both the North and the South?affect both the North and the South?

• What were the causes and effects of What were the causes and effects of African Americans joining the Union African Americans joining the Union army?army?

• What kinds of hardships befell the What kinds of hardships befell the North and the South during the war?North and the South during the war?


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Politics in the SouthPolitics in the SouthThe Confederate The Confederate

GovernmentGovernment • Had to persuade people to Had to persuade people to

give up personal interests give up personal interests for the common goodfor the common good

• Wanted to centralize Wanted to centralize economic decisions based on economic decisions based on the war effortthe war effort

• Called for a Called for a draft,draft, or or required military service, of required military service, of three yearsthree years

• Authorized the army to seize Authorized the army to seize male slaves for military male slaves for military laborlabor

• Failed to gain Failed to gain recognition,recognition, or official acceptance as an or official acceptance as an independent nationindependent nation

States’ Rights AdvocatesStates’ Rights Advocates• Resisted sacrificing Resisted sacrificing

personal interestspersonal interests• Claimed that a draft Claimed that a draft

violated states’ rights. violated states’ rights. Almost 25 percent of Almost 25 percent of men eligible for the men eligible for the draft refuseddraft refused

• Resented the Resented the borrowing of slaves for borrowing of slaves for the army because it the army because it disrupted work on disrupted work on their plantations, even their plantations, even though they received a though they received a monthly feemonthly fee


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Politics in the NorthPolitics in the NorthThe Union GovernmentThe Union Government• Shut down opposition newspapersShut down opposition newspapers• Prevented Maryland’s secession by arresting all Prevented Maryland’s secession by arresting all

disloyal members of the legislaturedisloyal members of the legislature• Put Kentucky under Put Kentucky under martial lawmartial law to prevent its to prevent its

secession. Martial law is an emergency rule during secession. Martial law is an emergency rule during which some guarantees under the Bill of Rights are which some guarantees under the Bill of Rights are suspended.suspended.

• Suspended the Suspended the writ of writ of habeas corpushabeas corpus,, which which protects people from unlawful imprisonment, to protects people from unlawful imprisonment, to ensure loyalty to the Unionensure loyalty to the Union

• Created a national currency, called Created a national currency, called greenbacksgreenbacks. . This paper money was not backed by gold, but it This paper money was not backed by gold, but it was declared to be acceptable as legal payment.was declared to be acceptable as legal payment.


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Emancipation and the Emancipation and the War War • On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the

final Emancipation Proclamation.final Emancipation Proclamation.• The Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation freed all of the freed all of the

slaves in states under Confederate control.slaves in states under Confederate control.• Although the proclamation did not bring an Although the proclamation did not bring an

immediate end to slavery, it promised that immediate end to slavery, it promised that enslaved people would be free when the North enslaved people would be free when the North won the war.won the war.

• The most significant reaction to the proclamation The most significant reaction to the proclamation came from Europe. Europeans felt very strongly came from Europe. Europeans felt very strongly about ending slavery and the Emancipation about ending slavery and the Emancipation Proclamation ended any chance that France and Proclamation ended any chance that France and Great Britain would aid the Confederates. Great Britain would aid the Confederates.


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African Americans Join African Americans Join the Warthe War

• Early in the war, General Butler said that slaves Early in the war, General Butler said that slaves captured by the Union army were captured by the Union army were contraband,contraband, property of one side seized by the other. If, as the property of one side seized by the other. If, as the Southerners claimed, slaves were property, then Southerners claimed, slaves were property, then the Union could consider them contraband, take the Union could consider them contraband, take ownership, and give them their freedom.ownership, and give them their freedom.

• Congress authorized Lincoln to accept African Congress authorized Lincoln to accept African Americans into the military after McClellan’s Americans into the military after McClellan’s defeat in Virginia.defeat in Virginia.

• By 1865, nearly 180,000 African Americans had By 1865, nearly 180,000 African Americans had enlisted in the Union army.enlisted in the Union army.

• Many African Americans viewed the chance to Many African Americans viewed the chance to fight against slavery as a milestone in their history.fight against slavery as a milestone in their history.


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The Hardships of WarThe Hardships of WarThe Northern EconomyThe Northern Economy• Northern farms and Northern farms and

factories produced factories produced almost all of the almost all of the goods needed by the goods needed by the army and civilian army and civilian populations.populations.

• Women filled critical Women filled critical jobs in factories and jobs in factories and on farms.on farms.

• Profiteers paid Profiteers paid women lower wages women lower wages than male workers than male workers and sold inferior and sold inferior products at inflated products at inflated prices.prices.

The Southern EconomyThe Southern Economy• Many planters refused to Many planters refused to

grow food instead of grow food instead of cotton.cotton.

• Due to the Union Due to the Union blockade, cotton piled up blockade, cotton piled up in warehouses while food in warehouses while food riots erupted in Southern riots erupted in Southern cities.cities.

• Even though production Even though production increased, the South was increased, the South was never able to provide all never able to provide all the goods its army the goods its army needed.needed.

• Labor shortages and a Labor shortages and a lack of goods contributed lack of goods contributed to inflation.to inflation.

• Women filled many of the Women filled many of the factory jobs.factory jobs.


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The Hardships of WarThe Hardships of WarMedical CareMedical Care• Approximately 25 percent of Civil War soldiers did not Approximately 25 percent of Civil War soldiers did not

survive the war. Disease killed many of them.survive the war. Disease killed many of them.• Poor nutrition and contaminated foods led to Poor nutrition and contaminated foods led to

dysentery and typhoid fever. Malaria and pneumonia dysentery and typhoid fever. Malaria and pneumonia were also killers.were also killers.

• A Union soldier was three times more likely to die in A Union soldier was three times more likely to die in camp or in a hospital than he was to be killed on the camp or in a hospital than he was to be killed on the battlefield.battlefield.

• Some 4,000 women served as nurses for the Union Some 4,000 women served as nurses for the Union army. By the end of the war, nursing was no longer army. By the end of the war, nursing was no longer only a man’s profession.only a man’s profession.

• Sanitation was non-existent. Rotting food and Sanitation was non-existent. Rotting food and garbage littered the ground. Human and animal garbage littered the ground. Human and animal waste polluted water supplies. waste polluted water supplies.


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Life Behind the Lines– Life Behind the Lines– AssessmentAssessment

What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the Union? Union? (A) (A) The use of greenbacksThe use of greenbacks

(B) (B) The law of contrabandThe law of contraband

(C) (C) The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpushabeas corpus

(D) (D) The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African Americans to join the militaryAmericans to join the military

How did General Butler use the concept of contraband?How did General Butler use the concept of contraband?(A) (A) It allowed Union soldiers to steal food from Southern farms.It allowed Union soldiers to steal food from Southern farms.

(B) (B) It allowed Southern soldiers to take supplies from dead It allowed Southern soldiers to take supplies from dead Union soldiers.Union soldiers.

(C)(C) It allowed the Union army to free escaped slaves.It allowed the Union army to free escaped slaves.

(D) (D) It allowed Union soldiers to confiscate weapons from It allowed Union soldiers to confiscate weapons from Southern prisoners of war.Southern prisoners of war.Want to link to the Pathways Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!


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Life Behind the Lines– Life Behind the Lines– AssessmentAssessment

What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the Union? What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the Union? (A) (A) The use of greenbacksThe use of greenbacks

(B) (B) The law of contrabandThe law of contraband

(C) (C) The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpushabeas corpus

(D) (D) The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African Americans to join the militaryAmericans to join the military

How did General Butler use the concept of contraband?How did General Butler use the concept of contraband?(A) (A) It allowed Union soldiers to steal food from Southern farms.It allowed Union soldiers to steal food from Southern farms.

(B) (B) It allowed Southern soldiers to take supplies from dead Union It allowed Southern soldiers to take supplies from dead Union soldiers.soldiers.

(C) (C) It allowed the Union army to free escaped slaves.It allowed the Union army to free escaped slaves.

(D) (D) It allowed Union soldiers to confiscate weapons from It allowed Union soldiers to confiscate weapons from Southern prisoners of war.Southern prisoners of war.Want to link to the Pathways Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!


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The Tide of War TurnsThe Tide of War Turns

• What was the importance of Lee’s What was the importance of Lee’s victories at Fredericksburg and victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville?Chancellorsville?

• How did the Battles of Gettysburg and How did the Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg turn the tide of the war?Vicksburg turn the tide of the war?

• Why was 1863 a pivotal year?Why was 1863 a pivotal year?• What is the message of the What is the message of the

Gettysburg Address?Gettysburg Address?


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South/Burnside crossed right in front of Lee’s army; kept charging into gunfire.

LeeBurnsideFredericksburg

Victor/Why

ConfederateOfficer

Union OfficerBattle

South/Lee split his army and sent Jackson around to attack; surprised Hooker; Jackson died after the battle.

Lee/JacksonHookerChancellorsville

North/General Pickett charged the Union unsuccessfully. Confederates lost more than a third of their troops.

Lee/Longstreet/Pickett

HookerGettysburg

North/Union army laid siege to Vicksburg. Confederate army surrendered.

PembertonGrantVicksburg

Major Battles of 1863Major Battles of 1863Major Battles of 1863Major Battles of 1863Chapter 11, Section 3

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War in the WestWar in the WestChapter 11, Section 3

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The Importance of 1863The Importance of 1863

On July 4, 1863:On July 4, 1863:• 30,000 Confederate troops defending 30,000 Confederate troops defending

Vicksburg laid down their arms and Vicksburg laid down their arms and surrendered. surrendered.

• Former slaves celebrated Independence Former slaves celebrated Independence Day for the first time.Day for the first time.

• Four days later, the Mississippi River was Four days later, the Mississippi River was in the hands of the Union army, in the hands of the Union army, effectively cutting the Confederacy in effectively cutting the Confederacy in two.two.


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The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address• On November 19, 1863, some 15,000 people On November 19, 1863, some 15,000 people

gathered at Gettysburg to honor the Union soldiers gathered at Gettysburg to honor the Union soldiers who had died there just four months before.who had died there just four months before.

• President Lincoln delivered a two-minute speech President Lincoln delivered a two-minute speech which became known as the which became known as the Gettysburg Address.Gettysburg Address.

• He reminded people that the Civil War was being He reminded people that the Civil War was being fought to preserve a country that upheld the fought to preserve a country that upheld the principles of freedom, equality, and self-principles of freedom, equality, and self-government.government.

• The Gettysburg Address has become one of the The Gettysburg Address has become one of the best-loved and most-quoted speeches in the best-loved and most-quoted speeches in the English language. It expresses grief at the terrible English language. It expresses grief at the terrible cost of war and the importance of preserving the cost of war and the importance of preserving the Union.Union.


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The Tide of War Turns – The Tide of War Turns – AssessmentAssessment

What event ended the Battle of Gettysburg? What event ended the Battle of Gettysburg? (A)(A) Pickett’s chargePickett’s charge(B) (B) The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address(C) (C) Sherman’s marchSherman’s march(D) (D) The siege of GettysburgThe siege of Gettysburg

What was the importance of July 4, 1863?What was the importance of July 4, 1863?(A)(A) General Grant attacked Vicksburg.General Grant attacked Vicksburg.(B)(B) Former slaves celebrated independence for the first Former slaves celebrated independence for the first

time. time. (C)(C) The Gettysburg Address was delivered.The Gettysburg Address was delivered.(D)(D) General Lee gained a victory in Chancellorsville.General Lee gained a victory in Chancellorsville.

Want to link to the Pathways Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!


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The Tide of War Turns – The Tide of War Turns – AssessmentAssessment

What event ended the Battle of Gettysburg? What event ended the Battle of Gettysburg? (A)(A) Pickett’s chargePickett’s charge

(B) (B) The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address

(C) (C) Sherman’s marchSherman’s march

(D) (D) The siege of GettysburgThe siege of Gettysburg

What was the importance of July 4, 1863?What was the importance of July 4, 1863?(A)(A) General Grant attacked Vicksburg.General Grant attacked Vicksburg.

(B)(B) Former slaves celebrated independence for the first time. Former slaves celebrated independence for the first time.

(C)(C) The Gettysburg Address was delivered.The Gettysburg Address was delivered.

(D)(D) General Lee gained a victory in Chancellorsville.General Lee gained a victory in Chancellorsville.



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Devastation and New Devastation and New FreedomFreedom

• What was General Grant’s strategy for What was General Grant’s strategy for defeating the South, and how did he defeating the South, and how did he and General Sherman implement it?and General Sherman implement it?

• What were the issues and results of What were the issues and results of the election of 1864?the election of 1864?

• How was the South finally defeated on How was the South finally defeated on the battlefield?the battlefield?

• How and why did John Wilkes Booth How and why did John Wilkes Booth assassinate President Lincoln?assassinate President Lincoln?


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Grant Takes CommandGrant Takes CommandThe BattlesThe Battles• In an effort to exhaust the Confederate troops, In an effort to exhaust the Confederate troops,

General Grant General Grant headed toward Richmond with headed toward Richmond with some 115,000 troops. some 115,000 troops.

• In May and June of 1864, the Union and In May and June of 1864, the Union and Confederate armies clashed in three major battles:Confederate armies clashed in three major battles:– The Battle of the WildernessThe Battle of the Wilderness began on May 5, 1864. The began on May 5, 1864. The

armies met in a dense forest in a battle that lasted two armies met in a dense forest in a battle that lasted two days. days.

– May 8, 1864, the Confederates caught up with the Union May 8, 1864, the Confederates caught up with the Union army near Spotsylvania Court House. The fighting that army near Spotsylvania Court House. The fighting that took place over nearly two weeks is called the took place over nearly two weeks is called the Battle of Battle of Spotsylvania.Spotsylvania.

– In early June, the armies clashed again at the In early June, the armies clashed again at the Battle of Cold HarborBattle of Cold Harbor,, just eight miles from Richmond. just eight miles from Richmond.


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The Siege of The Siege of PetersburgPetersburg• Unable to reach Richmond or defeat Lee’s Unable to reach Richmond or defeat Lee’s

army, Grant moved around the capital and army, Grant moved around the capital and attacked Petersburg.attacked Petersburg.

• He knew that if he could cut off shipments He knew that if he could cut off shipments of food to Richmond, the city would have to of food to Richmond, the city would have to surrender.surrender.

• The attack on Petersburg failed, and The attack on Petersburg failed, and Grant’s army suffered some 65,000 Grant’s army suffered some 65,000 casualties.casualties.

• Grant then turned to the tactic of siege Grant then turned to the tactic of siege that he had used in Vicksburg. On June 18, that he had used in Vicksburg. On June 18, 1864, Grant began the siege of Petersburg.1864, Grant began the siege of Petersburg.


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Sherman Marches to thSherman Marches to the Seae Sea• In early September, the Confederate army In early September, the Confederate army

was forced to leave Atlanta. was forced to leave Atlanta. • General Sherman vowed to “make Georgia General Sherman vowed to “make Georgia

howl.” Sherman ordered Atlanta evacuated howl.” Sherman ordered Atlanta evacuated and burned. He left the city in ruins. and burned. He left the city in ruins.

• He led some 62,000 soldiers on a march to He led some 62,000 soldiers on a march to the sea to capture Savannah.the sea to capture Savannah.

• On December 21, 1864, the Union army On December 21, 1864, the Union army entered Savannah without a fight.entered Savannah without a fight.

• Sherman’s message to Lincoln read: “I beg Sherman’s message to Lincoln read: “I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah.”of Savannah.”


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The Election of 1864The Election of 1864Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln• Republicans changed their Republicans changed their

party name to the Union party name to the Union Party.Party.

• Dropped Vice President Dropped Vice President Hannibal Hamlin from the Hannibal Hamlin from the ticket.ticket.

• Replaced Hamlin with Replaced Hamlin with Andrew Johnson of Andrew Johnson of Tennessee. Johnson was a Tennessee. Johnson was a Democrat and a pro-Union Democrat and a pro-Union Southerner.Southerner.

• Sherman’s capture of Sherman’s capture of Atlanta showed the North Atlanta showed the North that victory was near.that victory was near.

• In November, Lincoln won In November, Lincoln won an easy victory.an easy victory.

George McClellanGeorge McClellan• Democrats nominated Democrats nominated

General George McClellan.General George McClellan.• McClellan was happy to McClellan was happy to

oppose Lincoln, who had oppose Lincoln, who had twice fired him.twice fired him.

• McClellan was still admired McClellan was still admired and respected by his and respected by his soldiers.soldiers.

• Lincoln feared that Lincoln feared that McClellan would find wide McClellan would find wide support among the troops.support among the troops.

• McClellan promised that if McClellan promised that if elected he would negotiate elected he would negotiate an end to the war.an end to the war.


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A New Birth of FreedomA New Birth of Freedom• The The Thirteenth AmendmentThirteenth Amendment was ratified by was ratified by

the states and became law in December the states and became law in December 1865.1865.

““Neither slavery nor involuntary Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

• Lincoln noted in his Second Inaugural Lincoln noted in his Second Inaugural Address that slavery had divided the nation, Address that slavery had divided the nation, but he also laid the groundwork to “bind up but he also laid the groundwork to “bind up the nation’s wounds.”the nation’s wounds.”


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Surrender at AppomattoxSurrender at Appomattox• On April 2, 1865, Lee tried to slip around Grant’s On April 2, 1865, Lee tried to slip around Grant’s

army. He planned to unite his troops with those army. He planned to unite his troops with those of General Johnston. Lee hoped that together they of General Johnston. Lee hoped that together they would be able to continue the war.would be able to continue the war.

• On April 9, 1865On April 9, 1865, Lee’s forces came to the Virginia , Lee’s forces came to the Virginia town of Appomattox Court House. They were town of Appomattox Court House. They were surrounded by a much larger Union force.surrounded by a much larger Union force.

• Lee’s officers suggested that the army could Lee’s officers suggested that the army could scatter and continue to fight as scatter and continue to fight as guerrillasguerrillas——soldiers who use surprise raids and hit-and-run soldiers who use surprise raids and hit-and-run tactics. Lee rejected this idea.tactics. Lee rejected this idea.

• That afternoon Generals Lee and Grant met in a That afternoon Generals Lee and Grant met in a private home. Lee surrendered, and the two men private home. Lee surrendered, and the two men signed the surrender papers.signed the surrender papers.


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Chapter 11, Section 4 Civil War DeathsCivil War Deaths

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Lincoln Is AssassinatedLincoln Is Assassinated• Abraham Lincoln did not live to see the official end of Abraham Lincoln did not live to see the official end of

the war.the war.• Throughout the winter of 1864–1865, a group of Throughout the winter of 1864–1865, a group of

Southern Southern conspirators conspirators in Washington, D.C., had plotted in Washington, D.C., had plotted to kidnap Lincoln and exchange him for Confederate to kidnap Lincoln and exchange him for Confederate prisoners of war.prisoners of war.

• After several unsuccessful attempts, their leader, John After several unsuccessful attempts, their leader, John Wilkes Booth, assigned members of his group to Wilkes Booth, assigned members of his group to assassinate top Union officials.assassinate top Union officials.

• On April 14, 1865, Booth shot President Lincoln while he On April 14, 1865, Booth shot President Lincoln while he was watching a play at Ford’s Theater.was watching a play at Ford’s Theater.

• Booth was shot to death after he had fled from the Booth was shot to death after he had fled from the theater and was found hiding in a tobacco barn.theater and was found hiding in a tobacco barn.

• Lincoln’s funeral train took 14 days to travel from Lincoln’s funeral train took 14 days to travel from Washington, D.C., to his hometown of Springfield, Washington, D.C., to his hometown of Springfield, Illinois.Illinois.


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Devastation and New Devastation and New Freedom– AssessmentFreedom– Assessment

How was General Sherman’s strategy identical to How was General Sherman’s strategy identical to General Grant’s? General Grant’s? (A)(A) Both used caution to save the lives of their troops.Both used caution to save the lives of their troops.

(B)(B) Both used the North’s superiority in population and industry Both used the North’s superiority in population and industry to wear down the Confederates.to wear down the Confederates.

(C)(C) Both recognized the strategic importance of Richmond.Both recognized the strategic importance of Richmond.

(D)(D) Both were waiting for the election of 1864 to decide how to Both were waiting for the election of 1864 to decide how to proceed.proceed.

What was the importance of the Thirteenth What was the importance of the Thirteenth Amendment?Amendment?(A)(A) It brought an end to the Civil War.It brought an end to the Civil War.

(B)(B) It reunited the Union. It reunited the Union.

(C)(C) It established the terms of the Confederate surrender.It established the terms of the Confederate surrender.

(D)(D) It ended slavery in the United States forever.It ended slavery in the United States forever.



SECTION 74

Devastation and New Devastation and New Freedom– AssessmentFreedom– Assessment

How was General Sherman’s strategy identical to General How was General Sherman’s strategy identical to General Grant’s? Grant’s? (A)(A) Both used caution to save the lives of their troops.Both used caution to save the lives of their troops.

(B)(B) Both used the North’s superiority in population and industry to Both used the North’s superiority in population and industry to wear down the Confederates.wear down the Confederates.

(C)(C) Both recognized the strategic importance of Richmond.Both recognized the strategic importance of Richmond.

(D)(D) Both were waiting for the election of 1864 to decide how to Both were waiting for the election of 1864 to decide how to proceed.proceed.

What was the importance of the Thirteenth Amendment?What was the importance of the Thirteenth Amendment?(A)(A) It brought an end to the Civil War.It brought an end to the Civil War.

(B)(B) It reunited the Union. It reunited the Union.

(C)(C) It established the terms of the Confederate surrender.It established the terms of the Confederate surrender.

(D)(D) It ended slavery in the United States forever.It ended slavery in the United States forever.Want to link to the Pathways Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!


SECTION1 America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 11 The Civil War (1861–1865) Copyright © 2005...

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Transcript of SECTION1 America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 11 The Civil War (1861–1865) Copyright © 2005...