2018 PEO LS Advanced Technology Investment Plan | 53

As the pace at which technology refreshes continues accelerating, Modeling and Simulation (M&S) becomes increasingly important to industries wanting to gain a complete understanding of how cost, schedule, and performance (CSP) are impacted during a product’s lifecycle. The ultimate value of a fully integrated M&S toolset will be the ability to maximize the effectiveness of limited resources through simulation-based acquisition, while bringing optimized, focused capabilities to the Warfighter.

4.3.1 PEO LS Future M&S VisionThe Challenge

To achieve the PEO LS vision, solutions must be rendered to solve data centric challenges which allow for a more uniform decision-making process. The inherent complexities within M&S make it difficult to standardize the situational inputs into a concise and unifying conclusion that leadership could use to make mission-critical decisions. PEO LS M&S efforts have found that holistic modeling of systems on a component by component basis proves difficult due to the number interactions and the data needed to support an entire system. This challenge is compounded by efforts to understand the impact of alternate technology implementation to CSP and a system’s lifecycle. To achieve a pragmatic solution, PEO LS requires a solution that can manage large amounts of data while simultaneously standardizing it for easy end-user analysis.

The Vision

PEO LS has a continuing requirement for the development of an integrated suite of non-proprietary multi-variable M&S aggregation

tools that have been validated and have a high degree of fidelity. These tools must collect and aggregate industry component and platform data for various vehicle systems/platforms, analyze the aggregated data through scenario-based simulation, and provide normalized CSP output that will allow leadership to confidently assess the value of a proposed system or upgrade.

Computer-based simulation of the functions of tactical vehicle systems must be expanded to shorten development time and reduce program risk and cost. Currently, not enough components are accurately simulated and few are simulated together as a system. A fully integrated simulation-based acquisition approach incorporating co-simulation tools will:

Ϣ Enable comprehensive virtual vehicle designs to be functionally tested on computers.

Ϣ Optimize vehicle prognostics and performance tools.

Ϣ Assess candidate vehicles against critical performance parameters.

Ϣ Inform the requirements process by identifying system requirements that are realistic and achievable.

Ϣ Inform life-cycle cost (LCC) estimates and significantly reduce the total LCC of the system.

Ϣ Save money by reducing design, testing, and evaluation time.

Ϣ Allow high-fidelity requirements trade-offs with accurate predictions of costs, schedule, and performance (CSP).

Section 4.3 Focus Area

MODELING AND SIMULATION

54 | 2018 PEO LS Advanced Technology Investment Plan

Ϣ Evaluate potential new technology insertions and their effects on CSP.

4.3.2 Shaping the Future of M&SFramework Assessing Cost Technology (FACT)The United States Marine Corps Systems Command (MCSC) sponsored the development of the Framework for Accessing Cost and Technology (FACT) with Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) to enable investigators to visualize a system’s potential costs alongside the systems performance, reliability and other factors deemed important. FACT is a modeling and simulation framework, enabling real-time collaboration in a web environment, primarily geared towards conducting real-time trade space analysis for complex systems-of-systems. FACT uses Systems Modeling Language (SysML)

to define complex systems. SysML expands upon the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and goes beyond software-centric design to include hardware components. The specification provides a formal means to describe a system, most notably the decomposition and organization of the system components as well as the parametric relationships between value properties distributed throughout the systems.

4.3.3 Ongoing M&S EffortsEngineered Road Bed (ERB) Soil Model Development Corvid Technologies is developing and verifying an Engineered Roadbed (ERB) Soil model for use in its Velodyne simulations for underbody blasts. They aim to use Live Fire tests to characterize JLTV, Cougar, AAV SU, and ACV vehicle performance in ERB soil. Already, testing of representative test bucks with two hull configurations have been completed and

Figure 4.3-1. Universal M&S Aggregator

2018 PEO LS Advanced Technology Investment Plan | 55

the data has correlated with the ERB soil model Corvid has developed.

Human Blast Injury Model (CAVEMAN)Current Anthropomorphic Test Dummies (ATDs) used to predict human injury risk in live-fire blast testing have several limitations due to a lack of bio-fidelity and limited injury assessment capability. The ATD is composed of metals, rubbers, and plastics, and most injury metrics associated with the ATD were developed under automotive crash loading scenarios.

Corvid Technologies has begun development on a human body model (CAVEMAN) by leveraging the most recent advances in high-fidelity computational physics-based M&S for explosive events against armored vehicles. CAVEMAN includes musculoskeletal systems and internal organs: 179 bones, 397 muscles, 342 ligaments, 16 organs, and skin. This model can also explicitly represent all joint functionality. The development of the CAVEMAN model provides increased bio-fidelity and injury assessments under blast loading to vehicles, and the ability to capture injuries which cannot be assessed by the ATD. Beyond underbody blast, the technology has the potential to be applied across a broad range of threat scenarios including ballistic protection, blast protection, blunt trauma injury, and burn injuries.

Instrumentation Improvements for Ground Vehicle LFT&EImprovements will include comparisons of existing commercially available accelerometers and isolators as well as concept gauges using controlled testing for Live Fire applications. Finally, a user’s guide will assist testers in producing valuable and meaningful results from such tests.

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) Blast M&SThe objective of this effort is to develop and execute a physics-based model able to account for both soil/structure interaction and gross vehicle response. Corvid Technologies has

prepared high- fidelity models for the Marine Corps JLTV Program Office. The Under-Body Blast (UBB) M&S efforts will:

Ϣ Provide Joint Project Office (JPO) insight into force protection levels from a structural standpoint and crew-response standpoint

Ϣ Support engineering design analyses and modifications

Ϣ Provide supplemental information to support key performance parameter analyses for future evaluations of vehicle design modifications and Engineering Change Proposals (ECPs).

Joint Live Fire (JLF) Vulnerability Map This effort is working to create a visual mapping tool to highlight underbody vulnerabilities impacting survivability and augment Live Fire test data.

Powertrain ModelingThis program will leverage government resources and industry software to develop a library of PEO LS vehicle powertrain models for system development and modification. The models will afford program office engineers the analysis capabilities to consider what effects powertrain modifications and load profiles will have on system performance.

Post IED Damage Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)SURVICE Engineering Company and Corvid Technologies are in Phase II of SBIR contracts to develop capabilities to gather store post IED damage data retrieved from the vehicle and blast scene and process it for risk of repair vs redeployment assessment.

Survice Engineering Company is developing an integrated, low-cost, ruggedized, and portable tablet-based 3D capture tool kit to guide and facilitate the assessment of battle damage to combat vehicle platforms. The plans for the tool will include:

56 | 2018 PEO LS Advanced Technology Investment Plan

Ϣ Ruggedized, low-cost indoor/outdoor 3D scanning technology

Ϣ Procedural forms and checklists

Ϣ Photo and video documentation

Ϣ Expandable framework to incorporate other Non-Destructive Inspections (NDI) technologies.

Corvid Technologies is developing Battle Damage Assessment Visualizer (BDAV) software which is run on ultra-portable devices and allows quick time access to a database incorporating hundreds of IED and multi IED-event scenarios. By comparing the damage produced by the incident to a database of simulated vehicle damage, the software determines the closest match and calculates the risk of redeploying vs repairing the vehicle structure. The tool will also support event-reconstruction, identifying the most likely threat scenario that led to the damage. Additionally, as an alternative to visual-only inspection, BDAV provides a more data driven, consistent way to determine vehicle repair levels required, lowering risk to the warfighter while simultaneously reducing unnecessary vehicle downtime. BDAV software relies on robust surface capture and data storage capability being developed under this same SBIR topic.

Survivability M&S Efforts for AAV SU Utilize existing vehicle CAD for simulations to aid in shotline selection, instrumentation, pre-shot predictions of LF, and tests to identify vulnerable load paths. From analysis improve understanding of vulnerabilities to drive design improvement.

Survivability M&S Efforts for ACV 1.1 Develop ACV 1.1 mesh models, including Energy Attenuating (EA) seats, to aid PM shotlines, instrumentation, root cause analysis, and crew casualty assessments. Provide independent assessment of blast survivability of each vendor’s vehicle to complement limited test scenarios and drive design improvement.

Survivability M&S Efforts for JLTV Utilize existing vehicle CAD to provide simulations results to aid in shotline selection, instrumentation, pre-shot predictions of LF tests identifying the most vulnerable load paths. From analysis improve understanding of vulnerabilities to drive design improvement.

Survivability M&S Efforts for MTVR Use M&S on existing CAD to identify critical load paths to guide upgrade design effort to improve survivability.

Test & Evaluation Damage Visualizer (TEDV) TEDV will provide a semi-automated way to view, compare, and search for Live Fire test data. The tool allows users to view test vs. test, test vs. simulation, and simulation vs. simulation comparisons.

Additional M&S projects supporting PEO LS include:

Ϣ Material Characterization of Energy Absorbers (EA) The program focuses on material for blast modeling, which is being tested to determine models used to define EA component response. Components to be modeled include seat EAs, cushions and blast mats.

Potential Solutions

TARDEC Efforts

Knowledge ManagementThe purpose of the Knowledge Management (KM) project is to create and implement a sustainable and replicable approach for creating, capturing, sharing, reusing, and refreshing the Knowledge, Information, and Data (KID) produced and used at TARDEC during project/program performance and day to day TARDEC operations. Included in this approach will be the rules, processes, and tools needed to establish, implement, and maintain a robust Knowledge Management capability across TARDEC.

2018 PEO LS Advanced Technology Investment Plan | 57

Light Weight Systems & Technology (LWS&T)This effort will develop a weight informed vehicle design optimization process/architecture for the Army. LWS&T will utilize, develop, and evaluate tools, advanced materials, manufacturing, and assembly technologies to optimize component/sub-system/system weight while maintaining or improving performance. Finally, it will demonstrate best practices in a cost-conscious system design to reduce ground vehicle weight.

SCN Phase 2Analyze roadblocks (perceived & actual) to efficient R&D prototyping and development within current production centric network accreditations.

Design, implement, and validate network accreditation that:

Ϣ Lower latency from concept to execution

Ϣ Maximizes user flexibility/efficiency

Ϣ Encourages collaboration

Ϣ Manages risk at level commensurate with R&D activities

Ϣ Minimizes sustainment costs

Ϣ Operate pilot and measure effectiveness while preventing disruption to existing accreditations

Ϣ Plan for “Catastrophic Success”, how to transition pilot lessons learned into enduring operations

United States – United Kingdom Coalition Autonomous ResupplyThe project will accelerate, demonstrate and evaluate the [cost/mission] effective use of autonomous systems for coalition [UK/US] based Holistic Assured Autonomous Resupply (HAAR) to positively change the future conduct of military logistics

Vehicle Electronics and Architecture (VEA) Mobile DemonstratorThe purpose of the project is to mature the open data and power architecture as well as the system designs to TRL 6 that were implemented as part of the VEA Research SIL at TRL 5 by integrating those subsystems onto a combat vehicle platform. This effort will also validate the power and data capabilities required for the future infantry or combat vehicle modernization efforts while increasing vehicle performance & decreasing SWAP over current implementations. Finally, it will build the TARDEC bench on in-house vehicle integration of these systems.

Virtual Proving GroundThe purpose is to develop a comprehensive and integrated Autonomy M&S toolkit strategy, positioning TARDEC to lead the push for more unified/interoperable M&S capabilities. This project will also engage with on-going M&S tool development efforts (e.g. Autonomy in Operational Energy (AiOE), TARDEC Virtual Experimentation Capability (TVEC), etc.), identify the best-of-breed M&S tools available, and perform a gap analysis to identify areas for future tool enhancement. Other efforts include:

Ϣ Development and extension of M&S tools to address shortcomings identified in the gap analysis

Ϣ Integration of existing/future M&S tools into the toolkit to reduce duplication of effort and maximize the value of M&S outputs.

Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan)The purpose of this effort is to establish the feasibility of the WIAMan injury assessment concept and advance to prototype fabrication.

58 | 2018 PEO LS Advanced Technology Investment Plan