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Section 4-The Rise of New Empires

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Rise of New Empires The Hittites and Egyptians were eventually overshadowed by the rise of the Assyrian and Persian Empires. The Persian Empire brought many years of peace to Southwest Asia, increasing trade and the general well being of its peoples. Main Ideas Key Terms satrapy satrap monarchy

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Assyrians People to Identify Darius Immortals Zoroaster Assyrian Empire Places to Locate Persian Empire Royal Road Nebuchadnezzar Persians Cyrus The Rise of New Empires Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

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Preview of Events The Rise of New Empires

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 6162) The Assyrians of the upper Tigris River formed the Assyrian Empire by 700 B.C. They were known for their military prowess. Their military power came from using iron and a large, well-disciplined army of infantry, cavalry, and archers, often on chariots. They also used terror to subdue people, laying waste to peoples lands and torturing captives. The Assyrian Empire

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Assyrian Empire (cont.) A king with absolute power ruled the Assyrian Empire. The empire was organized well with local officials directly responsible to the king. The Assyrians developed an efficient communication system in order to administer their empire. They set up a network of posts with horses carrying messages. It was said that a message could go from a governor anywhere in the empire to the king and be answered back in one week. (pages 6162)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founded one of the worlds first libraries. This library has provided a great deal of information about Southwest Asian civilizations. The Assyrian Empire (cont.) (pages 6162)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 6264) After the Assyrian Empire collapsed, the Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar made Babylonia the leading state of western Asia. Babylon became one of the greatest cities of the ancient world. Babylonia did not last long; the Persians conquered it in 539 B.C. The Persian Empire

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Persian Empire (cont.) The Persians were a nomadic, Indo-European people living in what is today southwest Iran. One family unified the different groups. One member, Cyrus, created a powerful Persian state from Asia Minor to western India. Cyrus ruled from 559 to 530 B.C. He captured Babylon, treating his new subjects with noteworthy restraint, and he allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem. (pages 6264)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. His sons extended the Persian Empire. Cambyses successfully invaded Egypt. Darius (521486 B.C. ) extended the empire into India and Europe. He created the largest empire the world had known. Darius strengthened the Persian government by dividing the empire into 20 provinces, called satrapies. A governor, or satrap (protector of the kingdom), collected taxes, handled legal matters, and recruited soldiers. The Persian Empire (cont.) (pages 6264)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Persians established a communication system using horses and way stations along the Royal Road, from Lydia to the empires chief capital at Susa. Much of the Persian Empires power was due to its military. The Persian kings had a standing army of professional soldiers from all over the empire. At its core was an elite group called the Immortals because anyone who was killed was immediately replaced. The Persian Empire (cont.) (pages 6264)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Immortals were made up of ten thousand cavalry and ten thousand infantry. The Persian Empire declined for a set of reasons common to the decline of empires. The kings became more isolated at court and lived lives of tremendous luxury. They levied high taxes that weakened the peoples loyalty. The Persian Empire (cont.) (pages 6264)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. At the same time, factions were struggling for control of the throne. Of the nine rulers after Darius, six were murdered in plots. These bloody struggles weakened the Persian monarchy (rule by a king or queen), and Alexander the Great conquered Persia during the 330s B.C. The Persian Empire (cont.) (pages 6264)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The most original Persian cultural contribution was its religion of Zoroastrianism. Persian tradition says that Zoroaster was born in 660 B.C. He had visions that caused him to be declared a prophet. His teachings were written in the sacred book of Zoroastrianism, the Zend Avesta. The Persian Empire (cont.) (pages 6264)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Zoroaster taught monotheism. To Zoroaster, the universe was permeated by the good of the supreme god Ahuramazda, who brought all into being. There was an evil spirit named Ahriman, however. People had free will to choose between the two, but eventually, good would triumph over evil. In the last judgment at the end of the world, good and evil would separate. The Persian Empire (cont.) (pages 6264)

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Chapter Summary Below are examples of how peoples discussed in Chapter 2 utilized their environment and invented new technologies.

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Technology In 1987, scientists from Egypt and the United States used advanced technology to view the remains of an ancient Egyptian boat that had been sealed inside a chamber for 4,600 years. To see inside without excavating and damaging the chamber, the scientists employed a special drill with technology invented for moon exploration. After drilling through the outer rock, they inserted a miniature video camera. Research other techniques used to handle and explore ancient Egyptian remains and report them to your class.

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Geography Look at a map of Canaan. The Canaanites settled in Canaan about 3000 B.C. About 1200 B.C., the Israelites conquered and settled in parts of Canaan. Where was Canaan in relation to Egypt and Babylon?

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Stelae The first know stelae were tall stones upended and carved. The stele that contained the Code of Hammurabi was approximately seven feet (2.13 m) tall. It is now located in the Louvre Museum, Paris.

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The Phoenicians Location helps explain why the Phoenicians became maritime traders. It also influenced their glassmaking and the purple dye they developed. Glass was made from coastal sand, while the purple dye came from a sea snail.

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Tourism is an important economic activity in Egypt today. The warm, dry climate and magnificent relics from ancient times attract visitors from all over the world.

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Abu Simbel One of the impressive temple sites of Ramses II is Abu Simbel, located near the Nile River about 762 miles (1,226 km) south of Cairo. In the 1960s, the High Dam at Aswan would have flooded the site, but 51 countries contributed funds to move the temples block by block to higher ground further inland.

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The Code of Hammurabi is the most complete law code known from ancient civilization.

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Cuneiform is a wedge-shaped writing. As you read the coming chapters, trace the development of writing from ancient alphabets to the modern-day alphabets used around the world.

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Click the image on the right to listen to an excerpt from page 44 of your textbook. Read the information on page 44 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on page 44 of your textbook. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. bricks no wood in the area; steel had not yet been invented at the top of the structure to get it as close as possible to the sky, where the people believed the gods lived

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Khufuthe Washington monument 346 feet

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Canaanite to Phoenician to Greek to English a triangle S

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. the Assyrian Empire Nineveh Persepolis