Section 3 2016

KERR Interiors Safety Manual Page 35

3.0 KERR INTERIOR SYSTEMS LTD. SAFE WORK PRACTICES POLICY KERR Interior Systems Ltd. policy is that all company employees are properly instructed in the safe performance of their duties. Safe work procedures will be enforced in the same manner as rules and regulations. The company will determine which safe work procedures are needed and whether they are being followed by reviewing inspection records and accident investigation records, observing jobs and evaluating worker suggestions. Management in conjunction with the safety committee is responsible for the revision and development of safe work practices. Supervisory staff are responsible for the workers understanding of and compliance with general safe work practices. Records of all training and site safety meetings will be maintained at the work place and on completion of the project be submitted to the Corporate Safety Coordinator. Records of training shall be retained in accordance with Records and Statistics policy. Applicable Legislation Under Section 13 of the Alberta OH&S Regulation, General protection of Workers: 13(2) An employer who develops or implements a procedure or other measure respecting the work at a work site must ensure that all workers who are affected by the procedure or measure are familiar with it before the work is begun.

DATE: May 18, 2016 ______________________________ Darryl Wiebe, President KERR Interior Systems Ltd.

"The information in this policy does not take precedence over applicable government legislation with which all workers should be familiar."


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Aerial Work Platform 2. Backing up Mobile Equipment/Trucks 3. Chop Saw 4. Cleaning Solvents & Flammables 5. Compressed Air/Pneumatic Tools 6. Confined/Restricted Space Entry 7. Crane & Boom Rules & Regulations 8. Defective Tools 9. Demolition 10. Drills and Powered Hand Tools 11. Drill Press Procedures 12. Driving 13. Dust in Construction 14. Electrical Safety 15. Electrical Overhead Power Lines 16. Equipment Guards 17. Ergonomics in Construction 18. Explosive Actuated Tools 19. Fall Protection 20. Flagging Traffic 21. Fire Extinguisher Use 22. Floor Openings/Covers 23. Forklifts 24. Grinding - Portable 25. Grinding – Stationary 26. Hoarding 27. Hoisting 28. Housekeeping 29. Ladders – Step/extension 30. Lead at the work site 31. Lifting and Carrying 32. Load Unit 33. Lockouts 34. Material Storage and Handling 35. Night Shift Safety 36. Noise in the Workplace 37. Office Work 38. Propane and Gas Cylinders 39. Ratchet Straps 40. Respiratory Hazards – Styles of masks** 41. Router Use 42. Scaffolds 43. Tables Saws 44. Warehouse Safety

KERR Interiors Safety Manual 7

3.1 AERIAL WORK PLATFORM

1. A powered aerial work platform should only be operated by a worker who has been instructed and authorized by a supervisor and is competent in operating the equipment. The operator will see to the daily inspections and maintenance required by the manufacturer, the types of working surface on which the equipment is designed to be used, the maximum rated working loads, special conditions or limitations of the equipment, the significance of alarms, and the location of emergency controls

2. The operator shall perform a careful pre-trip inspection of the machine, and must document and report any problems identified to the supervisor immediately

3. A man lift platform which is not working properly or which has sustained damage to critical components must not be used until repaired by a qualified/competent mechanic

4. The operator must do a careful pre-use inspection of the work area to identify any possible operating hazards. Any hazards identified shall be documented and reported to the supervisor if they cannot be adequately controlled. Hazards such as, power lines, visibility, traffic, ground conditions, and weather shall all be observed

5. Each worker using an aerial platform, at 3m or higher, shall wear appropriate fall arrest equipment, including a full body harness and a lanyard. The lanyard shall be tied off to the anchor designated by the manufacturer

6. Appropriate P.P.E, such as CSA approved safety footwear and head protection, shall be worn by all workers using the platform

7. Worker(s) on the platform must ensure there is a means of communication with someone nearby in the event of an emergency

8. In the raised position, a man lift platform must only be used on surfaces specified by the manufacturer

9. A man lift platform will not be driven in a raised position 10. A man lift platform will not bear more than its rated working load and where possible, the

loads must be distributed over the platform 11. When man lift platforms are used to lift materials, ensure that the materials are firmly secured

to the platform 12. Do not place makeshift platforms such as boxes, access equipment such as ladders and

scaffold on a man lift platform to gain access to areas above 13. Overhanging loads will not be lifted on a man lift platform 14. A man lift platform or any other part of a man lift device must not be erected or moved closer

than 7m (23ft.) to overhead power lines unless the device is equipped for live electrical line work and the workers on the platform are qualified/competent for such work

15. A man lift platform will not be used for pulling, pushing or dragging materials 16. The platform on a man lift device will not be extended by using cantilevered planks or similar

platform materials. Only manufacturers platform extension devices will be used 17. Planks or similar platform materials will not be used to bridge the gap between a man lift

platform and other work areas 18. Workers will always maintain three-point contact (one hand and two feet or two hands on one

foot) when getting on or off the platform of a man lift device 19. For all types of off-slab devices, the terrain on which the device is placed or over which it will

travel must be firm enough to support the device and its rated working load 20. Operator will ensure controls are operated smoothly and sudden starts/stops are avoided 21. When traveling on a slope, the operator shall travel in line with the slope, as opposed to

traversing it. If work is being done while on a slope, face uphill and use chocks as appropriate 22. A man lift platform will not be used under high wind conditions. This is especially important

for smaller scissor lifts and boom-type devices 23. When the man lift platform is not being used, turn off the power system to prevent exhaust

fumes from accumulating in an enclosed work area


24. Never alter any safety device on a man lift 25. Never stand on guard rails or use guard rails as scaffold

WARNING- Failure to comply with safety precautions listed in this section may result in machine damage, personnel injury or death and is a safety violation.

1. Remove all rings, watches, and jewellery when performing any maintenance 2. Do not wear long hair unrestrained, or loose fitting clothing and neckties which are apt to

become caught on or entangled in equipment 3. Observe and obey all warnings and cautions on machine and in service manual 4. Keep oil, grease, water, etc. wiped from standing surfaces and hand holds 5. Never work under an elevated platform until safety props have been engaged or platform

has been safety restrained from any movement by blocking or overhead sling 6. Before making adjustments, lubricating or performing any other maintenance, shut off all

power controls 7. Battery should always be disconnected during replacement of electrical components 8. Keep all support equipment and attachments stowed in their proper place 9. Use only approved, non-flammable cleaning solvents


3.2 BACKING UP MOBILE EQUIPMENT/TRUCKS A large percentage of construction site accidents and injuries involve mobile equipment/trucks. Most of these accidents occur while machines are backing up. Operators must be continually aware of people/traffic movements and obstacles around them.

1. All vehicles over 6000 kg or with restricted visibility must have an audible back up alarm (Alta)

2. Circle your machine before operating, particularly when in residential and commercial areas

3. Always look back on both sides of the machine before backing up 4. Where ground workers are involved, ensure all are clear of the machine and accounted

for before moving. All ground workers must wear a fluorescent vest when working around mobile equipment

5. Use a flagman to guide when: a) Backing up in an area where vision is limited b) Aid in judging distance between the machine and obstacles as required c) Backing into traffic areas d) When equipment does not have an audible backup alarm

6. Flagmen must: a) Be properly trained and competent to do such work b) Stay alert to recognize and deal with dangerous situations c) Wear a fluorescent vest and a bright red hard hat to be easily recognizable d) Know driver or operator’s blind spots e) Stand where they can see and be seen by the driver, operator and general public

traffic 7. The use of cell phones is strictly prohibited while operating equipment


3.3 CHOP SAW General safety precautions

1. Use the right machine for the job. Do not use the machine for purposes for which was not intended. Use the machine only as directed and when it is in faultless condition.

2. Avoid contact with rotating parts. 3. Use only original accessories or additional equipment as listed in the operating instruction. The use

of accessories or additional equipment other than those recommended in the operating instructions can present a risk of injury for you.

4. Comply with the manufacturer’s instructions when using abrasive and diamond cutting discs. 5. Make certain that the dimensions and specifications of the cutting disk conform to the machine. 6. Cutting discs must be stored and handle with care according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 7. Make allowance for environmental influences. Do not use the machine where there is a risk of fire

or explosion. 8. Keep the grips clean, dry and free from oil and grease. 9. Do not overload your machine. You will work better and more safely if you keep within the stated

performance range. 10. Use only the cutting discs which are recommended for this machine. 11. Damaged discs or discs that are out of round or cause vibration, must not be used. 12. Use the machine only when disc guard is correctly fitted and in good condition. 13. Do not, under any circumstances, use the machine without the disc guard. 14. Adjust the disc guard correctly to protect yourself against fragments or sparks may fly off. 15. Always hold the machine firmly with both hands and by the grips provided. 16. Store machines, which are not in use in a safe place. Machines not in use should be kept in a dry,

high-up or lock place, out of reach of children. 17. Switch the machine off before transporting it. 18. Switch the machine off before changing the cutting disc or adjusting the cutting disc guard. 19. Switch the machine off after use. 20. Do not leave the machine unattended while it is running. 21. Check moving parts function correctly. All parts must be properly mounted and satisfy all conditions

to guarantee effective operation of the machine. 22. Always cut the full throttle setting. 23. Guide the machine uniformly and without exerting lateral pressure in the cutting disc. 24. When cutting, exert only enough pressure for the speed to remain constant and for the speed not

to drop too sharply. 25. Never use the machine/cutting disc for grinding. 26. Check the machine, cutting disc and accessories for correct condition and functioning. Do not

operate the machine if it is damaged, malfunctioning, incomplete, parts are not mounted correctly or if the operating and adjusting components cannot be properly used.

27. Functional faults and/or damage are only to be rectified by qualified repair personnel using original spare or wearing parts.

28. Do not use saw blades with cutting teeth. 29. Do not attempt to brake or stop rotation of the cutting disc with the hand.


3.4 CLEANING SOLVENTS & FLAMMABLES Cleaning solvents are used in day-to-day construction work to clean tools and equipment. Special care must be taken to protect the worker from hazards which may be created from the use of these materials. Wherever possible, solvents should be non-flammable and non-toxic. All workers must be aware of the hazards that solvents and flammables may cause. This means that workers who use these materials must be properly trained and competent.

3.4.1 INSTRUCTIONS AND RULES FOR WHEN SOLVENTS AND FLAMMABLES ARE USED 1. Only use non-flammable solvents for general cleaning 2. If or when flammable materials are being used, there must be no hot work

permitted in the area. A 20 lb ABC Fire Extinguisher must also be in the immediate area

3. Store solvents and flammables in special storage areas that have adequate signage warning of any possible dangers, i.e. NO SMOKING FLAMMABLES

4. Before using any solvent, always read the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 5. Work involving the use of cleaning solvents will be done outdoors. If work must

be done indoors, adequate ventilation must be provided, i.e. Electric fans/vents 6. Smoking, open flames, welding or any source of potential ignition will not be

permitted within five meters of a work area in which cleaning solvents or flammables are being used

7. The use of adequate Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.) must be worn at all times to avoid splashes or eye sprays, i.e. full face shields, rubber gloves or a full rubber suit

8. When breathing hazards exist, the use of adequate respiratory equipment must be worn

9. All containers must be properly and adequately labelled to be clearly identifiable 10. Proper and adequate containers must be used for transportation, storage and

field use of solvents or flammables 11. Workers must be trained and certified in Workplace Hazardous Materials

Information System (WHMIS) before being allowed on site


3.5 COMPRESSED AIR/PNEUMATIC TOOLS Air powered tools in construction range from stapling guns to jack hammers. If used improperly, they can cause severe injury or death.

3.5.1 RULES FOR THE USE OF COMPRESSED AIR 1. Only trained/competent workers are to use air actuated tools 2. Compressed air will not be used for cleaning purposes to blow debris or to clear dirt

from any worker’s clothes 3. Wear proper/adequate P.P.E. when using pneumatic tools, i.e. safety glasses.

Hearing and respiratory protection when needed protection 4. NEVER point air actuated tools at any worker 5. Inspect tools before connecting to air supply:

a) Check tool safety mechanism is in working order, if not tag and take tool out of service

b) Ensure all screws and connecting devices are securely tightened 6. NEVER remove any safety devices 7. Disconnect the tool from the air supply when:

a) Unattended b) During cleaning or adjustment. Before cleaning, ensure that all air is

exhausted from the tool by pulling the trigger. Cleaning and servicing must only be done by a trained competent worker

8. Use only fasteners recommended by the manufacturer 9. Do not operate above manufacturers recommended safe operating pressure 10. Tools must be properly and regularly maintained/serviced according to the

manufacturers requirements 11. Never use hoses for hoisting or lowering tools 12. Make sure you have proper connection between the hose and tool before each use.

Always oil tool connections before each use


3.6 CONFINED/ RESTRICTED SPACE ENTRY

3.6.1 INTRODUCTION The material will define the legislative requirements for confined / restricted space entry work and the need for a specific job procedure when selecting, maintaining and using respiratory protective equipment when a worker works in a confined space.

3.6.2 PROVINCIAL REGULATIONS This material will identify the different types of confined / restricted spaces and the attendant hazards, as well as the need to recognize whether the space contains harmful substances, an oxygen deficiency, a flammable atmosphere or other hazards. Other areas to be covered are: the training and qualification or workers, isolation, ventilation, the testing of the space, the availability and proper use of personal protective equipment including breathing apparatus and the need for rescue procedures and equipment. Hazards can be avoided or overcome if basic rules are followed every time a confined / restricted space entry is made.

3.6.3 DEFINITION OF A CONFINED SPACE An enclosed or partially enclosed space or an area having restricted access and egress and which, due to its design, construction, location, atmosphere, the materials or substances in it or other conditions, is or may become hazardous to a worker entering it or does not have an easy means of escape.

3.6.4 DEFINITION OF A RESTRICTED SPACE An enclosed of partially enclosed space, not designed or intended for continuous human occupancy, that has a restricted, limited or impeded means of entry or exit of it construction.

3.6.5 SPECIFIC JOB PROCEDURE When work is conducted in a confined or restricted space on a regular basis, a safe work procedure must be developed by the employer to ensure that the work is carried out safely. The employer or principal contractor who establishes a code of practice shall ensure that it is readily available to workers and other persons at the work site and that workers effected by the code have received appropriate education, instruction and training so that they are able to comply with its requirements. Where the employer has developed a Code of Practice or specific procedure, he must ensure that all the workers affected by the code have been made familiar with it before work starts. Reference: As per provincial regulations


3.6.6 WORK PERMITS A work permit is a control device that verifies what precautions must be taken to ensure safe working conditions. Companies use work permits designed specifically for confined space entry. Others use a more general format that may cover hot or cold work as well as entry emergency rescue.

3.6.6.1 WHY USE A PERMIT? i. These permits are required by law by OH&S code April 30, 2004 ii. It provides a checklist which helps to ensure that all preparatory steps are

complete iii. It provides a written form which must be signed and understood by all

personnel on the job. iv. It helps to verify that all required precautions have been taken and that

regulatory requirements are satisfied v. Upon completion or work in the confined space, the permit issuer must be

informed. The issuer should then check that the equipment or operation is safe to start up.

3.6.6.2 DESIGN OF PERMIT Safe Work Permits must be tailored to suit the type of work the hazards present and the general work condition of each company. This permit system coupled with a code of practice can drastically reduce the possibility of accidents or injuries.

3.6.7 HARMFUL SUBSTANCES i. Alberta legislation requires that the employer take all reasonable steps to

reduce worker exposure to a contaminant by engineering work practice and administrative controls.

ii. Although contaminants in the air may be toxic, they can be considered safe as long as they stay below certain levels of contamination known as Occupational Exposure Limits (O.E.L.).

iii. Many chemicals are toxic substances and everyone working with chemicals must be made aware of the hazards. Some chemicals may not damage your health if you are exposed to small amounts for a short period of time. Exposure to small amounts over a longer period of large amounts for a short time may be hazardous.

iv. Always read the MSDS before working with any chemical. Training in WHMIS is needed to understand the MSDS.

3.6.8 FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES In confined spaces, fires and explosions can be prevented by:

i. Purging the air out of the space with an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, or purging with steam. This is only to be done by a trained, competent worker

ii. Ventilation to keep the fuel vapours below the lower explosive limit (L.E.L.) iii. Eliminating all possible sources of ignition such as static or friction sparks,

smoking, open flame, sparks from exhausts or electrical equipment. Care should be exercised when cleaning vessels with high pressure steam, water steam, etc. to prevent a build-up of static electricity. It can be eliminated by proper bonding and grounding


3.6.9 VENTILATION Depending upon conditions within the confined space, ventilation may be required to control either harmful substances, flammable substances or atmospheric oxygen. Ventilation can also be used to control extreme temperatures or other discomforts.

3.6.9.1 EQUIPMENT FOR VENTILATION OF CONFINED SPACES a. Natural ventilation, relying on winds and/or thermal drafts, is not

dependable and not acceptable for ventilation confined spaces. Ventilator air movers or fan blowers are commonly used. Ensure the blower is with clean air, and is not placed near vehicle exhausts or where contaminants could be picked up from some other area.

b. Blower units have the advantage in that they may incorporate heaters for work in cold conditions.

3.6.9.2 METHODS i. Confined spaces that may be contaminated from earth formations,

seepage of gases, or sewer lines require air to be blown through hoses to the furthest limits of the confined space. This method reduces the risk of a build-up of hazardous gas anywhere in the space, and results in the most effective air mixing.

ii. In other situations, exhaust ventilation can be used. The equipment must be explosion-proof if dealing with flammable contaminants. Respiratory protective equipment appropriate for the hazard must then be worn.

3.6.9.3 DURATION i. The amount of ventilation required depends on condition and will be

determined by testing. Ventilation must continue until the oxygen content exceeds 18 kpa partial pressure, toxic contaminants are below their O.E.L. and flammable contaminants are absent

ii. Where it is impractical to ventilate the space, tests must be carried out by a competent worker before an entry is made and periodically while the worker is in the confined space, to confirm a minimum oxygen content of 18 kpa and no build-up of a harmful substance.

Reference: As per provincial regulations

3.6.10 TESTING EQUIPMENT Three types of testing equipment are generally used in the testing of confined spaces:

1. Harmful substances detection devices such as Gastec or Drager which use colour indicator tubes test for toxic gases; i.e. H2S and CO

2. Flammable gas detection devices B tests for flammable gases; i.e. Methane

3. Oxygen level indicator to determine the oxygen content of the air

4. Only workers who are properly trained and are competent may use this testing equipment.


3.6.11 AVAILABILITY AND PROPER USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT i. Workers may be exposed to a variety of hazards in a confined space and

the employer must ensure the availability of all the necessary equipment for a worker to perform an activity safely.

ii. The workers’ responsibility is to use the appropriate equipment that is supplied. If this personal protective equipment is damaged or defective, it is the workers’ responsibility not to use it.

iii. Examples of personal protective equipment that may be necessary for the safety of workers in a confined space are: 1. Head Protection 2. Foot Protection 3. Eye Protection 4. Gloves and Protective Clothing 5. Safety Harness and Lifeline 6. Hearing Protection 7. Respiratory Protective Equipment

Reference: As per provincial regulations

3.6.12 HAZARD ASSESSMENT If a worker will enter a confined space to work, an employer must appoint a competent person to assess the hazards that the worker will be exposed to, specify the type and frequency of inspections and tests necessary to determine the likelihood of exposure to any of the identified hazards, shall ensure the tests and inspections are performed, specify the safety and PPE required to perform the work and identify the PPE and emergency equipment to be used by the person doing the rescue operations in the event of an accident or other emergency.

3.6.13 RESCUE PROCEDURES AND RESCUE EQUIPMENT i. Rescue procedures must always be in place for a confined space and the

rescuers must be trained in the emergency procedures. The trained rescue personnel must be able to recognize hazards associated with working in confined spaces, be able to perform the workers duties in a safe manner and the employer must keep the records of training to for the required worker. There must be a communication system established that is readily available to the workers of the confined space and is appropriate to the hazards. Rescue personnel must be at or near the confined space entry.

ii. Where the atmosphere is a confined space contains a harmful substance or an oxygen deficiency, no worker shall enter unless:

a) The worker is protected by adequate personal protective equipment

b) The worker is attended by and in communication with another worker at or near the entrance

c) Rescue procedures are in place d) Appropriate rescue equipment is immediately available

iii. The type and nature of rescue procedures and rescue equipment will vary depending on the location and type of confined space.


iv. If an emergency does occur, the backup worker immediately sounds the alarm to summon rescue and medical personnel and must not attempt a rescue until such personnel arrive.

v. Rescue workers must be trained/competent in rescue procedures and the use of appropriate rescue equipment with records of PPE inspections and worker training.

3.6.14 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS a) The number of workers in the confined space can compound the rescue

problems b) The more difficult the rescue is liable to be, the more sophisticated the

rescue procedures required c) As speed is often critical in rescue situations, it is important to have

sufficient equipment and trained personnel on hand to effect the rescue d) Where extra rescue workers are not available, as in isolated field

situations, extra planning and specialized equipment are required.

3.6.15 RESCUE EQUIPMENT a) A tripod-winch and harness system to get a victim out of a sewer, tank

or vessel, when the worker has entered from the top b) A basket stretcher or similar for moving the victim to emergency

transportation c) Sufficient appropriate respiratory protective equipment to protect

rescue personnel d) Appropriate first aid equipment e) Alarm system to summon aid f) Vehicle to transport victim to medical facility


3.7 CRANE & BOOM RULES & REGULATIONS The use of cranes is a big part in construction. These are rules and regulations that must be followed in order that all workers, including the operator and swamper’s, are safe.

1) Only trained/competent workers will work in and around cranes 2) Both operator and swamper must be familiar with signalling system 3) There must be only ONE signaller and he/she must be clearly identifiable, i.e.

signaller must wear a fluorescent vest and a different colour hard hat from the rest of the workers, i.e. a red hard hat

4) The operator must have a valid hoisting ticket, a logbook that is up-to-date and documentation that the crane has been certified within the last 12 months

5) All workers must be in view of operator before lifting 6) No workers will stand underneath a load or boom while lifting 7) Operator must not jerk the boom with a lifted load. Always move boom smoothly

and steady to prevent loss of control or loss of load 8) Ensure all loose materials, parts, blocking and packing have been removed from the

load before lifting 9) Maintain and service equipment as per manufacturers recommendations 10) Do not attempt to lift loads beyond the rated capacity of the crane or slings 11) Mirrors, lights, headlights, boom lights and flashers must be kept clean and

operational 12) Crane cabs must be kept clean of litter, grease and oil accumulations 13) NO worker will ever ride on a load or hooks 14) Load must be kept as close to the ground as possible, do not raise loads higher than

necessary to clear obstacles 15) All exposed gears, drive belts, pulleys, clutches and brakes must be adequately

guarded 16) Replace all hydraulic and fluid lines if they are leaking, nicked or bulging 17) The use of cell phones while operating equipment is strictly prohibited and

will not be tolerated 18) All provincial regulations must be followed when operating equipment


3.8 DEFECTIVE TOOLS Defective tools can cause serious and painful injuries, even death. If a tool is defective in any way, tag and take the tool out of service DO NOT USE IT.

3.8.1 PROBLEMS TO BE AWARE OF i. Chisels and wedges with mushroomed heads ii. Split or cracked handles iii. Chipped or broken drill bits iv. Wrenches with worn out jaws v. Tools that are not complete, such as files without handles

3.8.2 INSTRUCTIONS & RULES 1) NEVER use a defective tool 2) Double check all tools before each use 3) Ensure defective tools are repaired 4) Air, gasoline or electric power tools require proper training, skill and complete

attention on the part of the user even when they are in good working condition. 5) DO NOT USE power tools when they are defective in any way.

3.8.3 WATCH FOR PROBLEMS a. Broken or inoperative guards b. Insufficient or improper grounding due to damage on double insulated tools c. No ground wire (on plug) or cords of tools d. The on/off switch is not in good working order e. Tool blade or bit is cracked f. The wrong size grinder wheel is being used g. The guard has been wedged back on a power saw, or the spring is broken or

missing h. Frayed or cut electrical cords


3.9 DEMOLITION a. Standard industry safe practices as well as provincial regulations must be followed

when demolition is required. b. Some existing utilities may remain energized in some demolition areas. Procedures

for isolation and identification must be addressed before demolition may proceed. It must be confirmed by a trained/competent electrician that all power has been turned off to the area that is being demolished.

c. All workers must extend courtesy and right of way if demolition is being done around tenants or the general public.

d. All workers must wear adequate P.P.E. while demolition is in progress, i.e. CSA approved hard hat, green triangle work boots, safety glasses at all times. Adequate respiratory protection must be worn if the demolition creates excessive dust, i.e. clean up. Hearing protection must be worn when required.

e. All work areas must maintain proper access and egress during demolition. f. All material that accumulates must be removed from the area immediately, do not let

debris hinder ongoing work. g. If glass breaking is required, all workers must be adequately protected, i.e. glass

must be covered with a tarp to avoid flying shards. h. If working at heights, all work platforms must be fully decked, c/w guardrails and toe

boards and must be kept clean and free of debris which could cause a potential tripping hazard or may fall and cause injury to workers working below.

i. Floor areas must be swept as required to ensure debris does not migrate to occupied or public areas. All precautions must be exercised to keep the dust to a minimum in public areas, i.e. drape a tarp around demolition area, and/or use electric exhaust fans to blow dust outside.

j. All cutting tools (i.e. pliers, cutters, etc.) must be adequately insulated against transmitting electrical shock to workers.

k. Before any demolition work is done, a specific job procedure must be in place and reviewed prior to work beginning.


3.10 DRILLS AND POWERED HAND TOOLS Drills of different shapes, sizes and uses are a common site in the construction industry. Workers take advantage of the many uses drills have and do not pay attention to the safety rules that are in place as so they do not injure the worker.

3.10.1 RULES TO AVOID SEVERE INJURY 1. Only properly trained/competent workers are to use power drills 2. Keep drill vents clear to maintain adequate ventilation 3. Keep drill bits sharp at all times, dull bits may cause the drill to bind or twist out

of worker’s hand 4. Keep electrical cords clear of cutting area during use 5. Disconnect power supply before charging or adjusting bit or attachments 6. Tighten the chuck securely. Remove chuck key before starting drill 7. Secure work piece being drilled to prevent movement 8. Just before breaking through the surface, slow the rate of speed 9. Drill a small pilot hole before drilling larger holes 10. Do not use bent drill bits 11. Do not exceed the manufacturer’s recommended drilling capabilities 12. Do not reach under or around stock being drilled 13. Do not over reach. Keep proper footing and balance at all times 14. When working with small pieces:

� Clamp stock so work will not twist or spin � Do not drill with one hand while holding the material with the other

15. NEVER remove or tamper with safety devices 16. Workers must wear adequate eye protection when using drills or hammer drills,

i.e. safety glasses 17. Workers must wear hearing protection when required, i.e. when using hammer

drill, or when working in a confined space


3.11 DRILL PRESS PROCEDURE

3.11.1 PRE-OPERATION 1. Safety goggles or glasses with side shields must be worn to prevent the eyes

from being struck by flying chips. It may also be necessary to wear a face shield. Eye protection must be worn under the face shield.

2. To guard the operator from contracting the spindle, a plastic or mesh shield can be used. When necessary, a telescoping guard that covers the end of the tool can be used.

3. Using dull drills is a frequent cause of bit breakage. A thin drill may also break and cause injury. Ensure that the drill bit used is the proper on for the job.

4. The drill’s head and arm, as well as the work must be securely clamped. 5. Catching, hair, skin, clothing or gloves in the revolving parts is a common hazard

when working with a drill press. Remove all jewelry; do not wear gloves or loose clothing when operating this piece of equipment.

6. Sweeping chips or trying to remove long spiral chips by hand must be avoided. Use a stick for this purpose.

7. Ensure that the key or the drift is not left in the chuck. If the drill press is turned on, the key or chuck will become like a missile with great velocity.

8. Failing to replace the guard over the speed change pulley or gears can cause entanglement in the gears. Be sure that prior to starting the equipment that all guards are in place.

9. The table must be secure and set to desired height and angle prior to commencing work. A loose table can cause the bit to jam, sending the work piece into high-speed rotation.

10. The drill bit must not be allowed to cut into the table. A spacer board can be used if necessary for this purpose.

11. Drill bits with a screw point are to be used for a hand brace only. When used with the drill press, the point will feed in at too fast a rate and jam the bit into the work. Also, when you lift the bit out of the work, the screw point lifts the work off the table and continues to drill.

12. The work area must be kept orderly. Tripping over debris into the rotating parts from an untidy work area could happen. The drill press will grab any loose materials and tighten them around the revolving parts.

3.11.2 OPERATION 1. Do not feed the bit too quickly into the work. Too fast a feed can cause the bit

to jam and possibly break. 2. The work should be firmly held. If the work is too small to hold safely by hand,

it should be held by a vise or held between two pieces of wood or metal (depending on the material being drilled).

3. When deep holes are drilled, frequently remove the drill and clean out the chips. If the chips are allowed to collect, they may jam up the bit, freeze in the hole and then break. Furthermore, a frozen tool may cause unclamped or insecurely clamped work to spin and injure the operator. The bit does not need to be raised clear of the hole in order to do this. It is actually better that you don’t as you run the risk of having the work move while the bit is out.

4. Power must be disconnected and locked out prior to making any changes or adjustments on the drill press.


5. When using the sanding drum on the drill press, the operator and others in the area should wear a dust mask.

6. When turning off the power to leave the equipment, always ensure that the drill has come to a complete stop before leaving. The chuck should never be stopped by hand, but allowed to stop on its own.

7. When you change bits on a drill press, remove the key form the chuck before you go to get a new bit. Get into the habit of only letting go of the key when you put it back into its place of storage.


3.12 DRIVING

3.12.1 GENERAL Operation of motor vehicles must be performed according to all vehicle codes, traffic laws, company procedures, and manufacturer’s recommended operating guidelines.

3.12.2 PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS Highway Safety Act, Company rules, Manufacturers recommendations

3.12.3 SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES To facilitate and provide proper instruction to their workers on protection requirements and training in Compliance Enforcement

3.12.4 WORKER RESPONSIBILITY 1. Ensure you have a valid operator’s license. 2. Be conversant with traffic laws and applicable 3. Drive defensively. 4. Back in when practical. 5. Ensure the vehicle has an emergency road kit 6. Ensure you are not under the influence of Alcohol or drugs. 7. Avoid driving when fatigued. 8. Ensure seatbelts are worn at all the times when the vehicle is being operated. 9. Be familiar with the vehicle and its capabilities. 10. Offering rides to strangers or hitchhikers is prohibited. 11. Perform a “walk around” inspection prior to traveling 12. Use good judgement and understand of the basic recovery skills appropriate to the

vehicle you are driving. 13. Do not operate cell phone while driving.

3.12.5 DEFENSIVE DRIVING Professional drivers are top notch defensive drivers. Defensive drivers know what, or can predict what another driver on the road might do. They seem to have eyes (mirrors) on the back of their head. Their best defense is to stay out of the others way. Professional Drivers: 1. Follow company safety rules, practices, procedures and their responsibilities as a driver. 2. Know and obey traffic laws. 3. Aware of traffic situations far ahead on both sides as well behind the vehicle. 4. Is constantly aware of illegal acts and the errors of others. 5. Willing to wave the right of way to avoid accidents. 6. Does not tailgate and ensures himself and passenger wears their seatbelts. 7. Approaches intersections cautiously. Takes foot off gas and shadows brake pedal for a

quicker reaction time. 8. Adjust driving speed to road conditions and the load being carried i.e. pedestrians, weather,

degree of light, traffic. 9. Possesses the attitude of confidence that they can drive without ever having an accident.

Very positive about accident prevention. 10. Drivers as though every child and person on the road could be his own close family member. 11. Knows the secret of safe driving is DOING IT THE SAME EVERY TIME.


3.13 DUST IN CONSTRUCTION Dust comes in many forms, from general dirt and debris to concrete, wood, brick, marble, granite and gypsum dust. Quartz or silica dust is also present either in the form of abrasive sands or as a component of concrete, brick or granite dust. Although these dusts are not as dangerous as solvents, they may also cause the same effects years later. The tragedy of black lung among coal miners is strong evidence of that. The amount of harm that can be caused by dust will depend on which dust you come into contact with, how much you come into contact and how long you come into contact with it. Some common dusts are Silica. Silica occurs in two forms: Crystalline and amorphous. The crystalline form is the type of silica known to cause severe health effects. Most crystalline silica comes from quarts. Quartz is extremely common in nature. It is found in rocks and sand. Some rocks, such as granite, contain a high percentage of quartz. The hazards posed by silica will depend on how much quartz dust is generated. Processes that cause mechanical disturbance of quartz contain materials present in silica dust hazard. These processes include cutting, grinding and crushing. The most hazardous processing involving quartz is sandblasting. Sandblasting causes quartz to breakdown into smaller particles and creates very high dust levels. Exposure to crystalline silica causes the lung to become fibrous or scarred around the trapped silica particles. This condition is called silicosis. Silicosis causes shortness of breath, fever and bluish skin. Having silicosis increases the risk of getting tuberculosis.

3.13.1 TYPES OF SILICOSIS 1) Chronic silicosis which may develop after 10 years or more to relatively low

concentrations 2) Accelerated silicosis which may develop 5-10 years after exposure to high

concentrations 3) Acute silicosis which may develop within a few weeks to 4-5 years after

exposure to very high concentrations One reason silicosis is such a serious disease is that the condition can worsen even after exposure has ended. There is no evidence that crystalline silica may cause cancer. Some other common dusts on construction sites are excavation dusts, concrete dust, gypsum, brick, marble and granite dusts. These dusts may be very harmful if exposed in high concentrations for a long period of time. Construction dusts may contain small amounts of very hazardous materials. For instance, cement may contain small amounts of nickel, cobalt and chromium. The most abundant metal found in cement is hexavalent chromium. Hexavalent chromium is a skin sensitizer. This means that after repeated exposure, the skin may become sensitive to chromium and bring to break out and become irritated. Hexavalent chromium causes other respiratory problems and has been associated with lung cancer.


3.13.2 LONGTERM HEALTH EFFECTS 1. Lung overload: the lungs have a number of protective mechanisms. Included among

these are the macro-phanges (tiny fingers) that remove particles from the small air sacs of alveoli. If too much dust is collected in the lung, this system is overloaded. Even relatively harmless dust can interfere with normal function at high exposure levels

2. Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP): the small air sacs or alveoli are filled with unwanted fluid and the walls between the air sacs are thickened. The result is shortness of breath. Severe cases of PAP can result in death

3. Chronic bronchitis: mucous produced in the lungs helps carry larger dust up and out of the body. Too much dust can cause too much mucous production. The result is irritation of the throat and coughing. This condition is called bronchitis. If it doesn’t go away, it’s considered chronic bronchitis

4. Cancer: a Canadian study which looked at 20 types of cancers and 10 types of dusts common to construction found a higher risk for cancer among workers with exposures to silica, excavation dust, concrete, cement dust, brick, lime and gypsum dust

5. Silicosis: silica is found in a number of construction materials including concrete, bricks and excavation dust. Cutting, drilling, chipping or grinding these materials produces exposures to silica. Long term exposures to high dust levels containing silica may increase the risk of chronic silicosis

3.13.3 PRECAUTIONS i. The best protection against the hazards of dust is the use of exhaust ventilators,

i.e. dust collections fitted into power tools, like hammer, drills and jack hammers. ii. High Efficiency Particulated Air Filer (HEPA) vacuums should be used rather than

sweeping. Wetting down dust before sweeping will also control some of the dust. iii. If respirators are used, they should be part of a respiratory protection program

that includes training and testing on use and limitations, regular cleaning, proper storage and regular inspections. Workers must be trained and competent in the use of respirators before they are allowed to work in environments that require respirators.

iv. If an air purifying respirator is used, they must be equipped with HEPAS cartridges. Disposable masks will only be used for very low exposures to a dust atmosphere. 3M 8210, 8710, or equivalent will be permitted.


3.14 ELECTRICAL SAFETY We use electricity for everything from turning on a light to using power tools. We often overlook basic electrical safety, turn a blind eye to frayed electrical cords or missing ground prongs, and these are the most common reasons why people are severely injured, even killed. These rules must be followed when working with or around electrical power:

� A documented Hazard Assessment and specific Job Procedure must be done and reviewed before any work commences

� ONLY fully qualified and competent workers are to perform work to live circuits or equipment

� Exposed circuit parts that could become charged are to be treated as LIVE � SHORT CUTS AND POOR WORK PERFORMANCE WILL NOT BE TOLERATED � SUBSTANDARD OR MAKESHIFT PARTS ON ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS WILL

NOT BE USED AND ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE � Adequate P.P.E. must be used when working with live electrical wires, i.e. insulated

blankets, covers, line hoses, mats and insulated gloves and sleeves � Warning signs and barricades must be used to limit access to areas with live circuits,

i.e. “Danger Due To”, “Authorized Personnel Only” � All equipment and tools must be in working order and checked for defects before any

work can be done � Do not use metal ladders when working on exposed energized circuits � Elevated work close to power lines is only to be done by fully qualified/competent

workers � These workers must know the safe minimum working distance for their work as laid

out by provincial regulations � NO ONE is to approach or lean on or touch vehicles that are working on overhead

power lines � When working in an extremely hazardous electrical area, there must be TWO or

more people with at least ONE posted as a safety watch in the event of an accident � The following chart outlines the safe limits of approach distances from overhead

power lines for persons and equipment in Alberta: Operating voltage of overhead power

line between conductors Safe limit of approach distance for

persons and equipment

0 – 750V – Insulated or polyethylene covered conductors 300 mm

Above 750V B Insulated conductors (1)(2) 1.0 m

0 – 40Kv 3.0 m

69Kv, 72Kv 3.5 m

138Kv, 144Kv 4.0 m

230Kv, 240Kv 5.0 m

500Kv 7.0 m


Notes: 1. Conductors must be insulated or covered throughout their entire length to comply with these

groups 2. Conductors must be manufactured to rated and tested insulation levels

All provinces, with the above mentioned, must follow provincial regulations concerning safe approach distances

3.14.1 PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRICAL SHOCK Each year statistics indicate there are workers who are flashed or burned, receive serious shocks, or are otherwise injured, sometimes fatally.

Following these rules can reduce accidents considerably: � A documented Hazard Assessment and specific Job Procedure to be done

and reviewed before any work commences � Only fully trained/competent workers are to work on electrical lines, live

or dead � NEVER work along on live circuits. Make your partner aware of your

next move so you don’t become part of the same circuits � Until positive the circuit is dead, assume it to be live and rated at full

voltage. DO NOT take anyone’s word for it, test it yourself � DO NOT work on electrical apparatuses with wet hands or clothing � Do not wear rings, watches, jewellery or metallic hard hats. Wear a

hard hat with a Class B minimum rating (CSA approved hard hats) � Wear safety boots with green triangle that have neoprene or rubber

soles. Worn down boots provide no insulation � All power tools must be grounded through a three-prong plug or double

insulated � Before working on a circuit, all lockouts must be in place. Lockouts must

have the persons’ name that did the lockout, the date the lockout was put on and words directing persons not to start or operate the machine

� All electrical panels exposed to weather, must be equipped with Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI)

� Splitters are NOT allowed on any extension cords � Inspect all extension cords, check for frayed, worn or damaged cords � NEVER break off the ground plug on extension or power tool cords � Keep power cords away from heat, water and oil. They can damage the

insulation and cause electrical shock


3.15 ELECTRICAL OVERHEAD POWER LINES

3.15.1. GENERAL Using proper safe practices/procedures near power lines is absolutely necessary. Work with your Supervisor and co-workers to ensure a proper safety attitude at your workspace. Injuries and deaths near power lines are all too common. Near misses are frequent. Avoiding contact with power lines requires common sense, a strong awareness of safety factors and good decision making ability. Please review and adhere to the following practices/procedures when planning and performing work near overhead power lines:

1. Before work begins, conduct a written Hazard Assessment and examine the work area to identify and correct hazards and to establish that the safe limits of approach distances to overhead power lines

2. Contact the electrical utility company to determine the operating voltage of the line and confirm the safe limits of approach

3. No work is to be performed at a distance that is less than those specified in table 1. In this situation have the electrical utility company disconnect or relocate the line if needed. If this isn’t practical or feasible to do so, carry out the following:

a) Keep an eye out for overhead lines at all times; take time to examine the hazard

b) Before operating equipment, make a safety plan that prevents contact with lines

c) Take extra care and precautions d) Check the height of your equipment or load e) Plan your moves; are there power lines to pass under or

avoid f) Look out for uneven ground that may cause your vehicle to

weave, bob or bounce g) Think about wind and temperature; they may affect the

power lines height h) Never ride or climb on equipment or a load when near a

power line i) Work around power lines to be done only during daylight

hours j) Don’t ground your equipment around a power line k) Do not allow equipment or objects to approach the overhead

power line closer than the safe limit of approach specified l) If work is being carried out near the safe limit of approach,

use a trained/competent signaller to act as an observer to ensure that the required distance is maintained (communication by radio or air horn)

m) Do not place materials under or adjacent to the overhead power line if it reduces the clearance above ground required by O.H.&S. regulations. Contact the electrical company for


assistance to determine the required clearance between power line and the ground

n) Do not allow excavations to reduce the support required for power poles. Contact the electrical company to determine support required. Request line locates in case of grounding grids buried at the base of power poles

o) Remember; electricity is invisible, do not take any chances p) Keep a safe working distance between your equipment and

power lines; follow Provincial Regulations which require you to stay clear of power lines. Do not go too close with people or equipment

q) Only trained/competent workers are to work near power lines

The limits are outlined in the regulations. Depending on the voltage of the power line, you need to establish a safe working distance and make sure everyone follows the guidelines shown, Alberta Table 1 for Safe Limits of Approach.

3.15.2 IN AN EMERGENCY Accidents can be prevented with “Safety First” in mind. If you or a co-worker come into contact with an overhead line, remember:

1. If you are alone and don’t have a radio, stay in the vehicle until help arrives; this is the safest place

2. Stay away or keep other workers away from the area 3. Try to break contact with the lines by moving the vehicle at

least 10m (32 feet) away 4. Do not try to break contact if the cable or equipment

appears to be welded to the line; this could cause the line to whip or snap

5. Do not touch power lines with wood, it may be damp and conduct electricity

6. If a line is on the ground, it could be charging the surrounding area. Stay back 30 feet from the line. As well, if a line is touching a piece of equipment, do not come to the equipment or touch it. Never assume the breaker is open or the line is dead

7. DO NOT ASSUME LINES ARE DEAD a) Transmission lines are on a 30 second breaker delay

which reactivates three times b) A distribution feed line is two lines, one carrying

power into the property and the second line carrying power back. If contact is made with both of these wires, it is fatal

8. Contact the electrical utility company to turn off the power


3.15.3 FIRES AND POWER In the event of a life threatening fire, jump clear and try to land as far away as possible (on both feet) without touching the equipment as you land. Jump with both feet together and hop as far away as possible. Remember, you are still in danger even if you have cleared the vehicle; shuffle away to minimize the danger of electrical currents in the ground passing through your body.

3.15.4 REPORTING If you strike a power line, call the electrical utility company right away. Report the details of the incident. The utility company will inspect and repair the area. You also need to report the incident to the Provincial Authority. The following applies under new 1995 “General Safety Amendment Regulation: 26(1) An employer shall ensure that no worker approaches and that no equipment is operated, and no worker shall approach or operate equipment within 7 meters of a live overhead power line unless:

1. The worker is, or the operation is directed by, a competent utility employee within the meaning of the Electrical Utility Regulations (Alberta Regulation 44/76)

2. At least the following clearances, as set out in the following table, are maintained between the worker or the equipment and the overhead power line conductors:

Safe Limit of Approach Distances from Overhead Power Lines for Persons and Equipment

ALBERTA Operating Voltage of Overhead Power

Line Between Conductors Safe Limit of Approach Distance For

Persons and Equipment 0 – 750V Insulated or Polyethylene Covered Conductors (1)

300 mm

Above 750V Insulated Conductors (1) (2)

1.0 m

0 – 40 kV 3.0 m

69 kV, 72kV 3.5 m

138kV, 72 kV 4.0 m

230 kV, 240kV 5.0 m

500 kV 7.0 m

This new provision comes from the Electrical and Communication Utility Systems Regulation (AR 44/76, 378/88) and provides consistency for both regulations.


Notes 1. Conductors must be insulated or covered throughout their entire length to comply with

these groups 2. Conductors must be manufactured to rated and tested insulation levels


3.16 EQUIPMENT GUARDS Guards are safe as long as the people who use them monitor the equipment regularly and take the time to care for it. Guards need to be maintained on a regular basis in order for them to be effective. All guards on all tools must be secured and in proper working condition. If the guard is loose or is not working, tag and take the tool out of service until the tool is fixed by a trained, competent person. Use the proper guard for the tool, make shift or no guards on tools will not be tolerated. Guards are specifically designed for that tool, make shift tool guards can result in severe injury or death. The purpose of guards is to keep your body and clothes from contacting any dangerous moving parts of a tool (i.e. table saw guards keeps the lumber from shooting back at the feeder if the wood binds). A proper guard prevents injuries and keeps a slip-up from becoming more serious. Always wear proper P.P.E. when operating power tools, i.e. CSA approved safety glasses, hearing protection when required. A full face shield must be worn when grinding metal or steel. Provincial regulations are very specific when it comes to equipment guards. For example, you must never make guards inoperative. Provincial regulations must be followed at all times.

Guards will protect you from: � Extreme temperatures (hot or cold) � Pinch points � Electrical currents � Thrown or flying objects/materials � Fast moving parts of machinery, i.e. belts

These are some things to remember that will help keep you safe when working with equipment:

� Use the machine only for jobs that it is designed to do � Maintain your balance and posture to reduce fatigue and stay steady on the

job � Use other safety devices along with guards, i.e. proper push stick when

using table saw


3.17 ERGONOMICS IN CONSTRUCTION Workplace design should accommodate the variety of workers shapes and sizes and provide support for the completion of different tasks. Here is a list of to do’s and don’ts to help take the strain off the problem areas of your body:

1) If possible, adjust the height of the work surface according to your dimensions 2) Organize your work so that the usual operations are performed within easy reach 3) Face your work at all times, do not twist your body to see your work 4) Keep your body close to your work, do not reach or over extend beyond the point

of comfort 5) Sit if at all possible 6) Bend the tool, not your wrist 7) Lift with your legs, not your back, let your larger leg muscles do all the work, keep

your back straight at all times 8) If an object is too heavy, use a lifting device, i.e. pallet jack. If you cannot use a

pallet jack, get help from a co-worker 9) If work is higher than you can reach, use a ladder, do not stand on your tip-toes,

this puts strain on your ankles and back 10) Have one leg raised to take the weight off of your back, this will help when

standing for long periods of time


3.18 EXPLOSIVE ACTUATED TOOLS Explosive actuated tools are a big part in the construction industry. If used incorrectly, severe injury or death may result. Following these rules will reduce the risk of injury:

1. Only trained/competent, complete with documentation, workers who are familiar with the regulations governing the use of the tool are to operate explosive actuated tools

2. Safety glasses and hearing protection must be worn when using explosive actuated tools

3. Ensure ladder/scaffold is secured against tipping/movement at all times when working off of them (tied off, cleat footings, lock wheels, etc.)

4. NEVER point the tool at anyone, only at the work at hand 5. Do not carry loaded tools from job to job 6. All workers must be clear of area where explosive actuated tools are being

used. This will protect them against flying shards or ricochet 7. Clean and maintain tools in accordance with the manufacturers

recommendations 8. Check tools prior to use to ensure they are in good working order 9. Remove defective tools from service 10. Store tools and cartridges in an adequate container when not in use 11. Do not use tool where there are flammable or explosive vapours or dusts 12. Do not place your hand over the muzzle end of a loaded or unloaded tool 13. Use only projectiles (nails, studs, etc.) recommended by the manufacturer 14. Ensure that the material you are shooting into is thick enough as not to let

the projectile shoot through 15. ONLY load tool before each use 16. Do not leave tool unattended 17. Use only cartridges recommended by the manufacturer. Use only the

cartridge that is appropriate for work being done 18. Unload cartridges with the utmost caution 19. Keep cartridges locked up with not in use 20. Do not force a cartridge into a tool 21. DO NOT DISCARD unfired or fire cartridges carelessly. Do not throw them

on the ground 22. Do not carry loose cartridges in a pocked, they may go off prematurely


3.19 FALL PROTECTION Because much of construction work is done above 3 meters, workers are very susceptible to injuries from falls. These rules must be followed to reduce that risk of fall injuries:

1. When working at heights of 3 meters or more, workers must wear a full body harness, complete with adequate double latching lanyard complete with shock absorber

2. Workers must be trained certified, and competent in the use of harnesses and lanyards

3. When working from scaffolds, the platform must be fully planked and must extend no less than 6” past and no more than 12” past scaffold end and they must be cleated

4. Guard rails consisting of a top rail 42”, mid-rail 21” and toe board are required whenever the work platform is 10’ or more above floor level. Scaffold must also be adequately secured to the building or must have outriggers in place when 3x higher than wide

5. Wheels and castors must be locked when personnel are working on the scaffold 6. If the scaffold is more than 10’ high, it must not be moved with personnel on it

unless: a) They are tied off by means of a full body harness with adequate double

latching lanyard complete with shock absorber to an independent life line

b) The floor is smooth and level 7. Scaffolds must be adequately pinned or secured together 8. In Alberta workers will not ride scaffold if it is more than two times higher than

it’s width 9. Workers must wear full body harness with adequate double latching lanyard

complete with shock absorber when working from a swing stage, they must be tied off:

a) To an independent lifeline if the swing stage has only two independent suspension lines

b) To the swing stage if it has four independent suspension lines, two at each end

10. Workers must wear full body harness with adequate double latching lanyard complete with shock absorber if they are working within 5’ of a potential fall hazard

11. Only workers who are properly trained and are competent are to work from swing stage scaffolds, or under direct supervision of an adequately trained, competent worker complete with documentation

12. Specific Job Procedure must be reviewed, understood and signed by all workers before any work commences

13. Employers must provide a written fall protection plan in the event workers are not protected by guardrails.

Always refer to Provincial Regulations


3.20 FLAGGING TRAFFIC The objective for properly flagging traffic is to reduce the risk of personnel injury and damage to commercial and residential vehicles. Flagging traffic is not as easy as it looks, there are a number of rules and regulations that must be followed in order to keep traffic moving and never have construction vehicles at a standstill. Flagging personnel must be very distinguishable from other workers, they must stand out in order for drivers and operators to see them. For this reason, all flagging personnel must wear fluorescent orange vests, a bright coloured hard hat (i.e. red) and the flagmen MUST have a regulation size STOP/SLOW paddle. The following are rules that will prevent accidents at or near construction sites:

1. Workers MUST be adequately trained and competent to perform the job of flagmen (in Alberta, documentation must be available to prove that proper training has been completed)

2. Flagmen must stand 100 metres from equipment crossing in order to give construction vehicles enough room to run or stop and general public enough warning there is a hazard

3. The SLOW sign must be raised if approaching traffic is encountered. The STOP sign will be shown if construction traffic is present

4. The sign must be held so oncoming traffic can clearly see it 5. Flagmen must be alert at all times, they must know what is going on

around them, they must be able to recognize potential hazards


3.21 FIRE EXTINGUISHER USE Good housekeeping is essential in the prevention of fires. Fire can start anywhere and at any time. This is why it is important to know which fire extinguisher to use and HOW TO USE IT. Always keep fire extinguishers visible and easy to get at. Fire extinguishers have to be properly maintained to do the job. Where temperature is a factor, ensure that care is taken in selecting the right extinguisher. There are three basic classes of fire: Class A: These fires consist of wood, paper, rage, rubbish and other ordinary combustible materials Class B: These are flammable liquids, oil and grease Class C: These are electrical fires Because there are different types of fires, the best, and only fire extinguisher that will be permitted on the job site is a 20lb ABC extinguisher. This extinguisher is made of carbon dioxide and dry chemical. This will fight all types of fires without worrying about electric shock or a reaction to water and chemical fires. To fight a fire, you must use short bursts on the base of the fire, never aim the extinguisher at the flames, this is not attacking the fire, all you are doing is wasting your extinguisher. Fire extinguishers smother the fire by taking away the oxygen it needs to burn. If you feel that you cannot control the fire within 30 seconds, leave, sound the alarm and call 911 for the fire department. Give then the EXACT location, every second counts when fighting fires. Fire protection and prevention procedures must comply with the requirements of local and provincial occupational health and safety regulations. Additional direction as to the procedure required for investigation, clean-up and reconnection of services will be provided by the respective fire agency. Fire prevention measures depend on identifying potential hazards and taking appropriate remedial action, including inspections.

The following are some guidelines to prevent fires: 1. Clean up spilled flammable liquids immediately 2. Prevent any accumulation of dust, scrap wood, saw dust, etc. 3. NEVER store volatile liquids such as gasoline, solvents, etc. in open or unsuitable

containers 4. Keep exits and passageways clear of obstructions, this is for easy escape in case

of emergency 5. Keep emergency equipment clear of obstructions for easy access 6. When open flame, welding or similar equipment is in use, ALWAYS have a 20lb

ABC fire extinguisher close by 7. All temporary heating must be of a type approved for use. Every heater must

be adequately ventilated to prevent fire, explosion or other serious injury risks 8. Special precautions must be taken to avoid causing sparks or allowing or

creating open flames in places where a fire or explosion may occur, i.e. where the air may contain:

a) Gasoline vapours


b) Gas in battery charging rooms c) Flammable vapour, i.e. paints of solvents

9. Approved “spark” or “gas” lighters, not matches or cigarette lighters, must be used to ignite acetylene torches. Approved check valves or flash back arresters must be installed on acetylene and oxygen lines at the regulator end

10. Smoking is strictly PROHIBITED where there is any potential danger of fire 11. Fuel tanks on equipment will not be filled with gasoline or vaporizing liquids:

a) While the engine is running b) While anyone is smoking on or around the vehicle c) Where there is any known source of ignition in the immediate area

12. All containers that have flammable liquids must be clearly and BOLDLY marked, i.e. Danger, Flammable and they must have a workplace label

13. With the ABC fire extinguisher, it should be shaken every month so the chemicals will not settle to the bottom and render the extinguisher useless

14. Fire extinguishers must be checked and certified once a year


3.22 FLOOR OPENINGS/COVERS 1. Covering a floor opening safely calls for more than just laying a piece of plywood

over the hold and nailing it down. 2. Total safety on the job means, doing the total job of getting rid of a hazard. Half-

way jobs, unfinished, too little or incomplete jobs of covering hole hazards can, and have resulted in severe injury and will NOT be tolerated.

3. Floor coverings must be able to withstand the weight of a man, use the thickest possible wood; this will prevent falls and injuries.

4. In Alberta, platforms must meet provincial regulations when there is an extreme danger, i.e. elevator shafts. The covering must be able to withstand 50 lbs of pressure per square foot and documentation must be kept on site.

5. Hole covers must be adequately secured and clearly marked, i.e. “Danger Open Hole”.

6. If, for any reason, the hole covering must be removed, adequate fall protection must be utilized, i.e. full body harness with adequate double latching lanyard complete with shock absorber. The covering must be replaced as soon as possible.


3.23 FORKLIFTS Knowledge, skill and confidence are the essential tools of a professional forklift operator. The knowledge that your equipment is in safe working condition and the skill that comes from practicing safe operating techniques will produce the confidence you need to get the job done right. Following these rules will greatly reduce the risk of turning the forklift over injuring the worker:

1. Any worker using a forklift must be fully trained and competent to operate the forklift, these are NOT toys, so they should not be treated as such

2. Operating surface is very important to the safe use of a forklift. Floors, wherever possible, must be level, free of holes, free of oil and grease and as dry as possible, noted, this can’t always happen. If the ground is wet or muddy, the operator MUST take extra care when operating the forklift. Also, the operator must be aware of overhead hazards, i.e. electrical lines, lights, and utility pipes

3. DO NOT OPERATE forklift in enclosed or confined areas. The build-up of carbon monoxide can prove to be deadly (carbon monoxide is a colourless, tasteless, odourless poisonous gas)

4. DO NOT OPERATE forklift beyond manufacturer’s recommendations. Do not try to lift more weight than it is rated for. This may cause the forklift to tip

5. Always inspect the forklift before you operate it. Look for things like cracked or broken lines. Are there any puddles underneath the forklift? Are any of the tires flat?

6. MAKE SURE THE BACK UP ALARM IS WORKING. In Alberta, mobile equipment over 6000 kg, or has limited visibility MUST have an audible back-up alarm or a competent flag person

7. When it comes to the maintenance, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and only properly trained, competent workers are allowed to perform maintenance on forklifts

8. Operators must be aware of their surroundings, are there obstacles, is there pedestrian traffic, watch the blind spots. Be sure that you have enough room to turn. Operate the machine safely

9. DO NOT ALLOW ANY RIDERS ON THE FORKS. The forklift is not a taxi, it is made to move materials, not humans

10. Operators must handle each load differently, not all loads are the same, watch for things like the height of the load, the position of the load on the forks, the speed you are travelling at, the load weight and the centre of gravity of the load

11. On some loads, because of the size of the cargo, visibility may be obstructed, at these times the operator MUST stop to have a flagman or signaller to help out

12. Watch for steep grades, these may require the operator to travel backwards, again, a trained/competent signaller may be required. NEVER turn on ramps, slopes or inclines. This may cause the forklift to turn over, wait until you are back on level ground

13. NEVER stand underneath the forks, the hydraulics may fail, this would result in severe injury or death

14. ALWAYS wear your safety restraint when operating the forklift. In the event of a rollover, your seat belt may be the only thing that saves you from injury

15. NEVER move unstable loads. If the load cannot be safely lifted, you may be required to restack the load

16. Stunt driving and horseplay WILL NOT BE TOLERATED and will result in your immediate dismissal


3.24 GRINDING – PORTABLE An abrasive wheel break can cause severe injury or death. Proper storage, use and maintenance of wheels must be observed. Only trained/competent workers are to use grinders. Familiarize yourself with the grinder operation before commencing work.

1. Guards MUST be in place at all times and operational. If a guard is cracked or broken, tag and take the tool out of service

2. Clean and service grinders according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Record all maintenance (only trained/competent workers are to service power tools)

3. Wearing full mask shields is mandatory when operating a grinder. Respiratory protection must be worn when required

4. Never exceed the maximum speed (RPM) that is recommended by the manufacturer. Excessive speed may cause the grinding wheel to break apart and cause severe injury

5. Inspect all wheels for cracks and defects before mounting 6. Run newly mounted wheels at operating speed for one minute before

grinding, this will let you know if there is any vibration or is running roughly 7. DO NOT use grinders near flammable materials 8. DO NOT CLAMP portable grinders in a vise for grinding hand-held work 9. DO NOT USE liquid coolant with portable grinders 10. Do not over tighten the mounting nut 11. Do not use grinders for jobs for which it is not designed, i.e. cutting


3.25 GRINDING – STATIONARY BENCH Severe injury may occur if proper protective equipment is not used and properly maintained.

1. Check the tool rest for the correct distance for the abrasive wheel 2. Replace the grindstone when adjustment of the rest cannot provide

clearance 3. Full face shield MUST be worn at all times when using grinders 4. Bench grinders are designed for peripheral grinding. Do not grind on the

side of the wheel 5. Do not stand directly in front of grinding wheel when it is first started 6. Wear respiratory protection when grinding for extended periods of time or

while grinding silica producing surfaces such as concrete 7. When standing for a long period of time, maintain your balance and

posture to reduce fatigue and back problems, i.e. put one leg up on a block that is 6”-8” high, this will take the stress off of your back


3.26 HOARDING The two main things to be aware of when planning to erect a temporary enclosure are wind and snow/rain loads. Nothing will bring down hoarding that has been erected improperly faster than the wind and weight on the structure. Following these steps will help reduce the risk of the hoarding coming down.

1. Complete a Hazard Assessment before beginning any work that may cause injury to workers

2. Discuss the plan with the workers, input from others might help with problem areas

3. When placing tarps to the framing structure, be sure to close tarps so that there is no or very little opportunity for the wind to get inside the hoarding

4. Never leave a large opening in the hoarding for an extended period of time where the wind may be allowed to get inside and cause a sail effect. Be sure to close off the hoarding if not finished in one day

5. Be sure that the tarps are securely fastened. If a wind comes up, this will prevent the tarps from coming loose

6. Entryways must be constructed for easy access and egress, but to keep the heat in and the wind out

7. If using a scaffold, scaffold must be tied back to an adequate anchor point at the ground and top by guide wires at the proper angle, and must be done from both sides

8. If in public areas, make sure the area is well marked to prevent public access 9. Make sure the wall is sealed to prevent dust or debris from entering public areas


3.27 HOISTING � Determine the weight of the object or load prior to a lift to make sure that the lifting

equipment can operate within its capabilities. � Estimate the centre of gravity or point of balance. The lifting device should be

positioned immediately above the estimated centre of gravity. � Prepare a place to land the load, lower the load gently and make sure it is stable

before slackening the sling or chain. The following will help:

1. Select alloy chain, or nylon slings and NEVER exceed the working load limits 2. Make sure the hoist or crane is directly over the load 3. Use slings of proper length. NEVER shorten a line by twisting or knotting.

With chain slings, NEVER use bolts or nuts 4. NEVER permit anyone to ride the lifting hook or load 5. All personnel must be clear from load being lifted 6. NEVER work under a suspended load 7. NEVER leave a load suspended when the hoist or crane is unattended 8. Inspect all slings thoroughly and regularly to maintain them in good working

order 9. Inspect each chain or sling for nicks, cuts, bent links, bent hooks, etc. before

each use. If in doubt, do not use it 10. Ensure that safety latches on hooks are in working condition. If the spring is

broken, DO NOT USE HOOK 11. Ensure that the signaller or swamper is trained and competent and is clearly

identified, i.e. fluorescent vest and red hard hat 12. If in doubt as to whether a load can be safely lifted, do not attempt to lift 13. Use a tag line as much as possible to avoid the load from swinging


3.28 HOUSEKEEPING Poor housekeeping is the cause of many accidents; it also contributes to lost or misplaced tools. The following will help keep a work area safe and free of hazards:

1. Work locations, vehicles and buildings must be kept clean and orderly at all times

2. Combustible materials such as gasoline, solvents, oil soaked rags must be kept in fire resistant metal containers and clearly marked, i.e. flammable. 20lb ABC Fire Extinguisher must be in the immediate area

3. All solvents will be kept in approved, properly labelled containers, and must be kept in a secured room that is marked to identify the dangers, i.e. Danger-flammables, no smoking, with an ABC Fire Extinguisher in immediate area

4. Floors and work platforms must be kept free of projections, (i.e. nails) and obstructions and must be maintained as to not create tripping of slipping hazard

5. Materials and supplies must be stored in an orderly manner so as to prevent tripping hazards

6. Emergency exits, stairways, aisles, roadways, walkways MUST be identified and kept clear at all times

7. Strict adherence MUST be paid to “No Smoking” in areas that use flammable materials

Keeping your work area clean and tidy will help increase work time and eliminate wasted time looking for tools and materials, and will reduce the chance of injury.

3.28.1 ILLUMINATION

3.27.1.1 GENERAL Illumination may be summed up under the headings of Quantity and Quality.

3.28.1.2 QUANTITY � The desirable quantity of light for any particular task depends

primarily upon the work that is to be performed. � The degree of accuracy required, the fineness of detail to be

observed, as well as the immediate surroundings, will affect the brightness requirements that will produce the best seeing condition.

3.28.1.3 QUALITY � The quality of light pertains to the distribution of brightness in

our visual environment. It directly affects our visual observation, performance, visual comfort, ease of seeing, and therefore is a major factor in ACCIDENT PREVENTION.


� Proper illumination, then, is the right combination of the quantity of light and the quality of light. In the interests of accident prevention and good quality workmanship, the costs of good illumination are well worth the expenditure for employees to see easily, accurately and quickly.

� Poor illumination causes poor visibility, visual discomfort, annoyance, eye fatigue and poor workmanship. Poor workmanship delays production disrupts schedules of work and is often the direct cause of needless personal injury and costly equipment damage. For these reasons, Supervisors must ensure that all work areas are properly illuminated.

� Particular attention must be paid to stairways and walkways. When considering temporary lighting methods during construction phases, Supervisors must take into account the following precautions:

1. Temporary lighting systems shall have protective guards over the bulbs or lamps

2. Temporary lighting cables must be secured overhead so as not to create tripping hazards, and at the same time provide maximum illumination

3. Broken, cracked or burned out bulbs or lamps must be replaced immediately 4. Temporary lighting required to be used in confined space entries (such as

vessels) must be explosion proof. Confirm this possible requirement with the Local Safety Department

5. Temporary lighting cords are to be kept clear of other live circuits and rotating machinery and tools at all times

6. Temporary lighting must be hung with non-conductive material and must have protective cages

7. Only qualified/competent authorized electrical technicians shall make electrical connections for temporary lighting requirements

8. Personnel affected by the disconnection or shutting off of temporary lighting services must be notified of the details of the shutdown. Before the system is re-energized, personnel who may be working on the lines or who might be endangered must be informed

9. Ratings of overload protection (such as fuses and circuit breakers) must be checked to determine whether they adequately protect the lines maximum current carrying capacity

10. Bulbs or lamps used in any circuit or equipment must not exceed the specified voltage for that fixture. Bulbs or lamps shall be screwed firmly into their sockets

11. Do not unplug temporary lighting without proper authorization, i.e. stairwell lighting


3.29 LADDERS – STEP/EXTENSION Ladders are used in all areas of the construction industry. Falls from ladders are common and injuries range from broken bones to death. The following will help reduce the risk of injuries when using ladders. It is very important to use ladders the way they are intended:

1. Face the stepladder when climbing up or down or when working from the ladder

2. Maintain a firm grip. Use both hands when climbing up or down. Always maintain a three-point contact at all times. Do not climb while holding equipment, always keep your hands free, use a rope to haul material up or down

3. Keep the step ladder close to your work. Avoid leaning from the ladder, this will cause you to become unstable, and the ladder could tip

4. Open step ladder spreaders fully. DO NOT USE the step ladder as an extension ladder

5. Check the stability. Ensure that all four ladder feet are on firm, level and dry ground

6. ONLY ONE person on the step ladder 7. Do not use step ladder on slippery surfaces 8. DO NOT PLACE step ladder on boxes, unstable bases or scaffolds to gain

additional height 9. DO NOT CLIMB the back of the step ladder 10. DO NOT STAND OR CLIMB above the second last rung or the top of the

ladder 11. DO NOT PAINT LADDERS as this may hide any defects, i.e. cracks 12. DO NOT USE milk crates, or pails use the proper equipment for the job such

as bench, stilts etc.

3.29.1 EXTENSION LADDERS Extension ladders can be long and awkward to work with, but they are an invaluable part of the construction site. Extension ladders, though, can be the cause of severe injury. Here are proper ways to avoid accidents with extension ladders:

1. Place ladder feet ¼ of ladders working length away from the base of the structure

2. Erect ladder so that a minimum of 3’ extends past landing platform. Adequately secure the ladder

3. Raise and lower ladder from the ground. Ensure that locking ladder hooks are secure before climbing

4. Erect extension ladder so that the upper section rests on the bottom section 5. Place ladder on firm, level surface and ensure secure footing 6. DO NOT USE ladder near electrical wires 7. Do not overextend, maintain minimum overlap of ladder 8. DO NOT CLIMB higher than the fourth rung for the top of the ladder 9. Do not use ladder on ice, snow or slippery surfaces


3.29.1.1 EXTENSION LADDER SETUP When setting up an extension ladder, use the following method to avoid straining muscles or losing control of the ladder. With ladders weighing more than 55 lbs or where conditions complicate the task, two people must use the following steps:

1. Lay ladder on the ground close to intended location 2. Brace ladder base using helper’s feet. Grasp the base of

the ladder. Grasp the centre of the rungs to maintain stability

3. Move the erected ladder to desired location, lean it forward against the resting point

4. ALWAYS secure the top of the ladder to the structure


3.30 LEAD AT THE WORK SITE

Lead presents a potential hazard to worker. Worker exposure to lead can occur during its refining or in its many industrial applications. Lead can be found in air, food and water—in either inorganic or organic forms. The most common form of organic lead has been tetraethyl lead (TEL) found in “leaded” gasoline. Inorganic forms of lead include both metallic lead and its inorganic compounds. Only the inorganic forms of lead are covered in this pamphlet. To ensure protection against exposure to lead, workers and employers must be aware of its properties, how it affects the body and methods to control exposure.

3.30.1 USES OF LEAD Because of its unique properties, metallic lead finds wide industrial applications. It is a major component of many alloys such as solder, type metal and bronzes. Inorganic compounds formulated from metallic lead have a variety of uses, especially as pigments in paints and ceramics. The danger of excessive lead exposure is most serious in:

� scrap metal salvage and recycling � the manufacture of lead-acid storage (e.g. automotive) batteries,

paint, � ammunition and ceramics � smelting and casting operations � the soldering or welding of metal materials such as radiators,

automobile bodies, � saw blades and piping � painting operations using lead based paints

3.30.2 PROPERTIES OF LEAD Metallic lead is a heavy, bluish gray, very soft metal. Its other properties include high density, low melting point, resistance to corrosion and good shielding ability from gamma and x-rays. Molten lead gives off noxious fumes of lead and lead oxide. Inorganic lead compounds are often highly colored solids, making them excellent pigments for use in paints. Some of these compounds (e.g. lead chromate) can be more toxic than element lead. It is, therefore, important to check the supplier material safety data sheet (MSDS) to determine the composition of any material being used at the worksite.

3.30.3 EFFECTS ON THE BODY Inorganic lead can enter the body through the lungs and the digestive system, but is not usually absorbed through the skin. Very fine dust or fume particles can enter the lungs where the lead is absorbed into the blood stream. Lead can also enter the blood stream through ingestion of


contaminated food, drink or cigarettes. Once in the blood stream lead is carried to a number of organs. To much lead can affect the nervous system. The result can be headaches, dizziness, irritability, memory problems and sleep disturbance. Lead can affect the digestive system and cause nausea, vomiting, constipation, appetite loss and abdominal pain. Lead also effects the formation of red blood cells and can result in anemia. Overtime, the nerve muscle system can be damaged. This can result in muscle weakness, decreased feeling in hands and feet and a metallic taste in the mouth. Lead may damage the kidneys and lead to high blood pressure. Exposure of pregnant women to excessive lead can cause miscarriages and stillbirths. In men, there is evidence that fertility may be affected by overexposure to lead. The health of a worker’s family may also be at risk if lead dust is taken home on clothes, foot wear, on the skin or in hair. Children are more readily affected by lead than adults. In addition to the problems seen in adults, some children with high lead exposure may suffer mental and physical developmental problems. Although there are many possible symptoms of overexposure to lead, some of the changes take a long time to develop. Workers may absorb too much lead without noticing a change in their health. The best protection against such exposure is for workers and employers to ensure that proper controls are used to minimize exposures before health is affected.

3.30.4 CONTROLLING EXPOSURE Preventing harmful exposure to lead requires an awareness of the potential hazards, a clear understanding of the work process and continued use of effective control measures. Written safe work procedures are an effective way to communicate information to workers. These should include instructions for the routine handling of lead and for dealing with accidental spills or releases to the environment. The procedure should be site specific because of the differences encountered among work sites. Other control measures may be required to prevent overexposure:

• Enclosures which isolate lead processes to reduce the number of workers exposed

• Local Exhaust Ventilation to capture lead dust and fumes at their source (e.g. in soldering, welding and casting operations)

• Substitution of Other Materials which are less hazardous to workers (e.g. use of lead free paints)

• Administrative Controls to limit the time period of worker exposure to lead through job rotation or work assignment away from lead

• Appropriate Respiratory Protection to be provided when other control measures are not technically possible, are impractical due to the nature or duration of work. Or fail to provide workers with adequate protection. Only respirators approved by NIOSH/MSHA can be used

• Good Personal Hygiene can prevent lead from clinging to clothing, footwear and the skin. Workers should wash their hands and face before eating, drinking


or smoking. Shower and change facilities should be provided for employees require to work in close contact with lead materials. Do not take work clothing home.

It may also be necessary to measure the level of lead in the air and/or use biological monitoring. The results of these measurements may help to evaluate worker exposure to potentially hazardous levels and/or evaluate the effectiveness of controls. Pre-employment medicals may be required for workers to ensure that their health is not adversely affected by the requirements of the job (e.g. the need to wear a respirator). An occupational health specialist should be consulted to determine the need for monitoring or medical examinations at specific work sites.

3.30.5 EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITIES Alberta’s Occupational Health and Safety Act sets out the employer’s responsibilities to ensure the protection of workers at the work site. Regulations under this Act have been established to define standards related to protection from specific hazards. The General Safety Regulation (AR 448/83) provides standards respecting various safety aspects at the work site. The Chemical Hazards Regulation (AR 393/88) covers requirements relating to the control of chemical hazards and the Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS). It also lists Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL’s) for various chemicals. OEL’s are subject to periodic change. Please check the Chemical Hazard Regulations for current exposure limits. In Alberta, workers may not be exposed to airborne levels of inorganic lead which average more than 0.05mg/m; over an eight-hour work day. Since it is possible to exceed the limit during many operations involving lead, it is important to consider appropriate controls measure before work begins. It’s important to note that OEL’s represent minimum standards for worker protection. In order to protect workers from the hazards of lead, the employer must use control measures which will be effective in keeping lead levels as low as possible. As previously outlined there are several control options available to the employer (e.g. good housekeeping). The methods used will depend on the conditions at the work site. If personal protective equipment is used, it must be properly selected and cared for. Workers must also be trained in its use.


3.30.6 WORKER RESPONSIBILITIES Alberta’s Occupational Health and Safety Act also places responsibilities on the worker for health and safety at the work site. The Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Act and regulations require the worker to take reasonable care of himself and others at the work site. This includes co-operating with the employer for the purpose of protecting himself and others. The worker must:

� be aware of the hazards associated with lead � follow safe work procedures developed by the employer � practice good personal hygiene � wear protective equipment requires to ensure protection, and follow instructions on

correct use � participate in education programs provided by the employer


3.31 LIFTING AND CARRYING

3.31.1 GENERAL Most lifting accidents are due to improper lifting methods rather than lifting heavy loads. All manual shifting should be planned and safe lifting practices followed:

1. Employees should know their physical limitations and the approximate weight of materials they are trying to lift

2. Obtain assistance in lifting heavy objects whenever the task may be more than can be safely handled

3. Before any manual lifting is done, the use of power equipment or mechanical lifting devices such as dollies, forklifts or similar devices should be considered and employed where practical

4. Bulky loads must be carried in such a way as to permit an unobstructed view ahead

5. Ensure a good grip before lifting 6. Lift gradually. Lift slowly, smoothly and without jerking 7. The back must be kept close to vertical or straight and the lifting done with

the leg muscles which are large and stronger 8. Avoid unnecessary bending. Do not place objects on the floor if they must be

picked up again later 9. Avoid unnecessary twisting. Turn your feet, not your hips or shoulders. Leave

enough room to shift your feet so as not to twist 10. Avoid reaching out. Handle heavy objects close to the body. Avoid a long reach

out to pick up an object 11. Do not be tempted at the last moment to swing the load onto the deck of shelf

by bending or twisting your back; it could end up being your last heavy load 12. Pipes, conduits, reinforcing rods and other conductive materials should not be

carried on the shoulders near exposed live electrical wires or conductors 13. When two or more persons carry a heavy object that is to be lowered or dropped,

there shall be a prearranged signal for releasing the load 14. When two or more persons are carrying an object, each person, if possible,

should face the direction in which the object is being carried 15. Keep in good physical shape

The right way to lift is also the easiest way


3.32 LOAD UNIT A Load Unit is determined by the product to be stored and any additional elements that we require to move and store this product (pallets and crates). Pallets are generally made of wood. This safe work practice will provide guidelines for safe storage of products to be stored in a warehouse or transported. Guidelines for Load Units:

• Pallets must be inspected before each use and regularly to identify any deficiencies • The pallet must be in good condition and not present any type of damage or wear • Must not be any nail heads protruding above slats of the pallet • Must not have broken, warped, bent, or rotten slats or spacers • Spacers can not be turned more than 30 degrees • Product must be correctly stacked on the pallet • Product must be uniformly distributed on the pallet • Product must be kept in good condition and secured (strapped down and/or shrink wrapped) • Load Unit must not surpass maximum weight or maximum size of racking on which it will be

stored • Load Units must be transported with proper equipment by competent operators


3.33 LOCKOUTS There are two types of lockouts:

1. Mechanical 2. Personal lockouts.

Mechanical (piping or equipment) lockouts are required when there is the potential for equipment damage or random personal injury if equipment or systems are accidentally or unknowingly turned on (this type of lockout is required when piping tie-ins or electrical connections are completed). Personal lockouts are required for all personnel working on equipment or systems from which there is the potential of injury (these lockouts are required when working on existing equipment or on new equipment which are connected to a power source). Prior to starting work, a Hazard Assessment must be done to determine if lockouts are required. If a lockout is required, a Specific Job Procedure must be completed and a notice of lockout must be completed and issues to the site Supervisor. The worker must then place individual, identifiable locks on the lockout point. NO other worker shall have a key to the lockout. If there are multiple lockout points, a lockout box must be used. A log book must then be filled out, in the log book and the lockout there MUST be:

1. A lock number 2. Who put the lock on? 3. Contact phone number 4. Date issued 5. Date returned (in log book only)

At the end of the shift or when the work is finished, each worker must remove THEIR individual lock, no one other than the worker who put the lock on is allowed to take off the lock. If the worker forgets to take off his lock and leaves he will be contacted and he must return and remove the lock. For a detailed lockout procedure see provincial regulations. Prior to proceeding with a lockout, a completed Notice of Lockout must be submitted to a site Superintendent. The following are some common failures in a lockout system:

1. Failure to enforce or supervise the lockout procedure 2. Failure of workers to use locks or more than one worker per lock 3. Leaving the key in the lock 4. Asking others to lockout for you 5. Failure to identify ownership of lock 6. Failure to verify that equipment is inoperative 7. Pulling fuses and not locking out 8. Failure to identify and lockout all switches, valves and disconnects to the equipment

If you are in doubt about a lockout or lockout procedure, contact your Supervisor or the Project Superintendent/Safety Department.


3.34 MATERIAL STORAGE AND HANDLING Improper storage and handling of materials not only results in lost dollars but is a direct cause of injuries. The following guidelines shall be adhered to at all times:

1. When lifting heavy objects, lift with your legs and not your back 2. Always get assistance when lifting heavy loads 3. When lifting watch out for pinch points an don’t allow yourself to get into a position

where jamming could occur 4. Guard against getting into an off balance position when lifting, pulling or pushing

materials or equipment 5. When hoisting materials using a rope be certain the materials are secured and their

path up is obstructed. Also, be certain there is either a warning sign or co-worker below the direct lift area to prevent others from walking underneath.

6. Be certain piled materials do not obscure of obstruct warning signs or walkways 7. When covering insulation be certain it is first placed on pallets and then securely

covered. When material is taken from a pile be sure to recover it 8. Dispose of waste materials on a constant basis in the proper storage bins. Even

small pieces of insulation or cladding can cause serious injury when picked up by a gust of wind

9. Be certain all metal cladding materials are secured and not just piled on the ground. Unsecured cladding can result in serious injury when blown around

10. When working with or lifting metal wear gloves at all times 11. All flammable/combustible material must be stored in adequate containers and must

be adequately marked to be clearly identifiable complete with W.H.M.I.S. labels 12. When handling hazardous materials, adequate protective personal equipment must

be worn


3.35 NIGHT SHIFT SAFETY Night shift work poses certain problems. The following points outline the safety precautions that ensure a safe workspace for employees.

1. Lack of vision is a major problem. Everything looks different at night. To prevent this basic problem from causing serious injury, define the work area carefully during daylight hours. Barricade, safety banner, or secure off all areas not in the actual work site. Make sure you know the work space

2. Check the existing permanent lighting and prepare additional temporary lighting as required

3. Make sure all tools and equipment to be used for the task are in safe operating condition for night work, including lights, warning devices, etc.

4. Work requiring any form of “Hot Work” should be planned for, and an adequate supply or safety blankets, fire extinguishers, eye protection, etc. should be handy to all employees in the crew

5. Know the location of the first aid supplies and all entrances and exits to the work area in the event of an emergency. Remember things look different at night

6. If vehicle traffic is expected, make sure reflective clothing and hard hat identification are available. Plan ahead for it

7. Night shift work usually entails working day shift people longer hours or setting up a new crew specifically for that purpose. In any case, early fatigue sets in and causes poor judgement. Know the signs so you can protect yourself properly

8. Never work along or without some direct means of communication 9. Have a fully stocked first aid kit and know who the trained first aiders are 10. Post emergency phone numbers in the site office or distribute to each worker. Know

who your contact person is, should you have to call


3.36 NOISE IN THE WORKPLACE Noise is one of the most common hazards in the workplace. Workers in many industries and occupations are exposed to noise levels that are so high that their hearing is damaged. The hearing loss caused by excessive noise exposure at work is considerable, costly and preventable. This guideline outlines what you can do to prevent noise induced hearing loss due to exposure at your worksite. It provides information so that you can help reduce hearing loss claims in current and future workers and at the same time, comply with the requirements of the Noise Regulation. For purposes of interpreting and applying the law, you should refer to Noise Regulation. In Alberta, any noise over 85 dBA, requires hearing protection to be used. Remember, if you have to raise your voice, you need hearing protection.

3.36.1 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS Occupational Exposure Limits define the maximum permitted daily exposure to noise without hearing protection. The Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) are given in the Noise Regulation and are as follows:

Sound Level (decibels, A-weighted)

Maximum Permitted Duration (hours per day)

82 16

85 8

88 4

91 2

94 1

97 ½

100 ¼

Greater than 115 0


3.36.2 MEASURING SOUND LEVELS AND IDENTIFYING NOISE-EXPOSED WORKERS The best way to identify whether a noise hazard exists, and to identify the noise-exposed workers, is to have a noise survey in all areas of our worksite. The noise survey must include both the noise levels and an estimation of the duration of worker exposure to the noise in the various work areas. Testing is to be done by a fully trained/competent worker. An initial noise survey should be done in any work area where you have to shout to be heard when speaking with someone beside you. Remember what work areas are not only indoors, but also outside and in mobile equipment. If the results of the initial noise survey indicate that there are no potentially noise-experienced workers, then only periodic noise surveys are required to make sure that conditions have not changed. Remember, if you have to raise your voice to talk, you need to use hearing protection. Periodic noise surveys are indicted in each work area where there is a potential for exposure to noise levels higher than the Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) and more specifically when:

1. There is new equipment for a new work process that produces noise 2. There is old equipment that seems to get louder, over time, when in

operation 3. Changes in work practices and/or work procedures occur 4. Equipment is not maintained and serviced on a regular basis 5. Workers complain of noise causing speech interference, ringing in their ears

or temporary changes in hearing Periodic noise surveys should be done at least once a year, or more often if warranted. Noise surveys, if complete, will identify those workers who are noise-exposed and those who are not. Noise testing will be done by a trained/competent person.

3.36.3 REDUCING EXPOSURE TIMES: ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS The occupational exposure limits for noise can be used as a guide to reduce worker exposure times. For example: if a worker is in an area that has a noise level of 90 dBA, the time spent in that area should be less than two hours, and so on. The higher the noise level, the less time allowed in the noise. Remember that it is the total of all noise exposure for the individual worker that will determine whether he is noise-exposed, not just whether his exposure in each individual area is acceptable. The Noise Regulation also requires that signs be posted near each area in which noise levels exceed 85 dBA. The signs should clearly indicate that a noise hazard exists and should describe the protective equipment that is required in that area.


3.36.3.1 PROVIDING PERSONAL PROTECTION If reasonable steps for reducing noise levels or reducing exposure times do not effectively prevent noise exposures, then the next step is to provide personal protection for noise-exposed workers. Personal hearing protectors can be either muffs or plugs, but MUST:

1. Reduce noise levels enough so that hearing is protected (see the Provincial Noise Regulation)

2. Be approved by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) 3. Be worn in noisy areas 4. Not to be modified in any way that reduces its capability to reduce noise

levels at the ear, when worn The best hearing protector is the one that workers will wear. Therefore, protectors should be comfortable, fit well, be worn correctly and be cared for properly. The Noise Regulation requires that workers wear hearing protection when exposed to noise.

3.36.3.2 EDUCATING WORKERS All workers who are exposed to noise above the Occupational Exposure Levels (OEL) need instruction about the noise hazard, how it can affect their health and how to protect themselves. Workers should also be informed regarding their responsibilities under the Noise Regulation.

3.36.4 CONCLUSION When hearing is lost due to noise at work it cannot be repaired or replaced, therefore it must be prevented. Both employers and workers have responsibilities defined under the Noise Regulation so that noise and noise-induced hearing loss in workplaces can be reduced.


3.36.5 NOISE SURVEY REPORT FORM Date: Time: Location:

Contractor:

Noise Exposure □ Continuous □ Intermittent □ Impulse

Exposure Hours Per Day:

Job Operation: Workers Title:

Hearing Protection Used □Yes □ No

Type of Hearing Protection Used □ Plugs □ Muffs

Sound Level Meter Manufacturer:

Model:

Calibration Date:

Test Location

Times

Decibel Readings dB(A)

Decibel Readings dB(C)

All KERR Interior Systems Ltd. documents and forms from this section may be retained in a “hard copy” paper form or by electronic means for the purpose of auditing and retention of documented forms as is required by government and Alberta OH & S regulations.


3.37 OFFICE WORK

3.37.1 GENERAL APPLICATION Protecting workers from injuries associated with office environment. To ensure employees are aware of the potential and existing hazards in the office environment.

3.37.2 PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS Safe work procedures ERP (emergency Response Plan). Manufacturer’s recommendations Alberta fire code Local legislation MSDS Working alone policy

3.37.3 SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITY Supervisors are responsible to facilitate and provide proper instruction to the workers on protection requirements and training.

3.37.4 WORKER RESPONSIBILITY

1. Ensure you are conversant with emergency evacuation. 2. Ensure that all electrical cords are in good condition and are not over loaded. 3. Ensure that computer monitors are adjusted to correct height and kept clean. 4. Ensure fans/space heaters are used to manufacturer specifications. 5. Ensure floors and aisles are kept clear and not cluttered. 6. Ensure that only one drawer of filing cabinet is open at one time and that drawers are closed

when not in use. 7. Ensure proper type of fire extinguisher is available. 8. When transporting materials of a heavy nature ensure that handcarts and trolleys are used

properly. 9. Operate microwave according to manufacturer specifications. 10. Ensure that coffee makers are used according to manufacturer specifications. 11. Ensure photocopier is maintained according to manufacturer specifications. 12. Ensure chairs are in good working condition 13. Ensure rugs are kept clean and in good condition - free of tripping hazard. 14. Ensure paper cutter blade is placed in closed lock position.

Ensure all loose clothing is tied back when using paper shredder.

3.37.5 OFFICE ERGONOMICS

3.37.5.1 GENERAL Preventing injury from force, repetitive movements, posture and duration.


3.37.5.2 APPLICATION Following established safe work practices and procedures, and general housekeeping practices.

1. Work in a neutral body posture without excessive bending, reaching, twisting or

slouching. 2. Work with your wrist and hands in a neutral position. 3. Position work so it is easy to see and reach. 4. Ensure your computer workstation is properly setup and adjusted. Refer to link for

adjusting and adapting your computer work station. http:// www.wikihow.com/set-up-an-Ergonomically-Correct-Workstation

5. Change your body position frequently by varying your tasks and taking micro and rest breaks.

6. Avoid sitting for a long period of time. Alternate between sitting, standing, and walking.

7. Consider alternating tasks within a job minimize repetition. 8. Stretch regularly. Stretches should be done slowly and smoothly.

Do not hold a single posture too long. Do not lean back in a chair with your leg on a desk. Do not squeeze the mouse or press buttons with excessive force. Do not store items under your desk; allow free movement of your legs.


3.38 PROPANE AND GAS CYLINDERS

3.38.1 GENERAL 1) Propane is a chemical compound made up of hydrogen and carbon (that is

why it is called a “hydrocarbon”). It has the property of turning from gas to liquid when pressure is applied. This allows us to pump a lot of propane into a steel cylinder and makes transportation relatively easy and inexpensive. Thus, we get “Liquified Hydrocarbon” or “L-P Gas” as propane and other similar gases are frequently called

2) Propane is non-toxic and non-poisonous. It is artificially ODORIZED to aid in detecting leaks. In the event of a gas leakage, close all cylinder valves immediately and close all appliance valves and do not turn them on again until the cause of the leakage has been found and corrected

3) Propane burns with a hot, clear, blue flame when mixed with the proper amount of air. The “proper” amount of air is very important

4) Propane gas is heavier than air. If a leak should occur, the gas will collect near the floor or flow into a basement. Therefore, cylinders and regulators must be located outside and at least three feet away from any opening in any building, as prescribed by the National Fire Protection Association and the Canadian Standards Association

5) All installations and use of this product on the job site must comply with the Government legislation set out for its safe use and must be done by a fully trained/competent worker

6) Suppliers delivering the product or setting up the equipment at the site must be part of the safe work practice

3.38.2 STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF CYLINDERS 1. Cylinders must be kept UPRIGHT at all times during STORAGE,

TRANSPORTATION and USE even when they are empty 2. They will always be STORED OUTSIDE away from any flames or sources

of ignition and NEVER in HEATED or INHABITED dwellings 3. Some cylinders require VALVE PROTECTION CAPS which must be kept in

place, except when the cylinder is actually connected to a system and in use 4. During transportation all cylinders must be SECURED so they cannot be

knocked over

3.38.3 HANDLING OF CYLINDERS 1. CYLINDERS MUST ALWAYS BE UPRIGHT whether in storage, during

transportation or in use unless designed for horizontal use. Laying a propane cylinder on its side is bad practice anytime. In high temperatures or during transportation, it can be dangerous. In the cylinder, propane gas is part vapour (gas) and part liquid

2. Each cylinder has a safety relief device (usually on the valve) to relieve the pressure if the gas gets too hot. If a cylinder is lying on its side and if the temperature rises and the safety device opens, liquid will be released and liquid propane is over 200 times as concentrated as propane vapour

a) Nylon slings must be used in a “choker” fashion when loading, off-loading or lifting propane tanks

b) “Lifting lugs” provided on tanks are not to be used. Slings are to be wrapped around the shell of the tank


c) Tank valves and regulations are to be removed from the tank prior to any movement of the tank

d) Crane hooks must be equipped with a “safety latch”, if the latch is broken, do not use

e) All trucks, cranes or equipment used to handle propane tanks must be equipped with a fire extinguisher appropriate for the size and type of tank being handled

f) Except in an emergency, any movement or repositioning of tanks MUST be performed by a trained/competent worker

3.38.4 BASIC RULES FOR SAFE OPERATION 1. Before connecting a full cylinder, open the cylinder valve three

(short) times to blow out any dust or moisture, then close to tight again. Do this IN THE OPEN AND AWAY from any source of ignition

2. Cylinder valves must always be CLOSED TIGHT before any cylinder (FULL or EMPTY) is CONNECTED or DISCONNECTED from the system

3. Each cylinder will be turned so that the safety device points away from other cylinders or combustibles

4. Only approved hoses and fittings must be used to connect a cylinder to tools and equipment

5. Make sure the pigtail or regulator is screwed into the cylinder valve outlet firmly. Remember to has LEFT-HAND threads

6. Tanks are not to be hooked up and used without proper regulators 7. OPEN CYLINDER VALVES FULLY WHEN IN USE (by turning

counter-clockwise). This gives you full flow of gas from the cylinder and prevents any leak around the valve stem

8. Tanks are not to be heated to increase flow 9. Test the connections for tightness and leaks with SOAPY WATER,

never a flame or matches. Check operation by lighting one burner (it may be slow to light till air is expelled) then, if all is well, re-light all pilots and check each appliance for normal operation

10. If you ever find a cylinder which is leaking gas because of the characteristic gas odour, STOP SMOKING and KEEP ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION AWAY. If possible take it away from all buildings to an open field. Then try to shut off the valve TIGHT (there might be a particle of dirt keeping the valve from closing). If the leak continues, let the gas escape to the OPEN AIR UNTIL THE CYLINDER IS EMPTY. (Make sure the wind blows any gas away from buildings, automobiles, etc.)

11. NEVER USE A DAMAGED OR LEAKING CYLINDER. No cylinder will be put in service which has been involved or near any fire, or has dents or other signs of damage of any kind. Such a cylinder must be re-qualified for service according to Government regulations. Take it to your Propane Distributor for inspection and test

12. NEVER TRY TO TRANSFER GAS FROM ONE CONTAINER TO ANOTHER. This can only be done safely by men trained/competent in this work, who have the proper pumps and equipment in approved locations and premises. It is against the law as well as insurance regulations to transfer gas from a large cylinder to a smaller one, except in an approved propane cylinder filling plank


13. CLOSE CYLINDER VALVES TIGHT EVEN WHEN EMPTY (by turning clockwise). This is necessary to prevent moisture getting into the empty cylinder during storage and transportation. Moisture in the cylinder could cause “freeze-up” of the regulator in freezing weather (because of the refrigerating action of the gas in the regulator when the pressure is being reduced)

14. When not in use, propane cylinders and hose-connected devices will not be left in trenches or other low-lying areas. Propane is heavier than air and can settle in dangerous concentrations at the bottom of trenches, manholes, vaults, basements, sumps and other below-grade areas


3.39 RATCHET STRAPS

3.39.1 LOAD SECURING AND LOOSE STRAP AND RATCHET OPERATION • Always try to work from the ground. Never go on the back of a load • Hook a strap into the trailer/truck-bed lashing ring or anchor point, being careful not to trap

fingers. • Check no one is present on the other side. Throw strap to next securing point. • Attach the ratchet to the desired lashing ring or anchor point. • Open ratchet and feed the strap into the ratchet, being careful not to cut or trap fingers. • Operate the ratchet to tension the strap, being careful not to over exert or cause back injury.

Try not to strap above or below you but at chest height. • Do not double loop excess strap back into ratchet. • Tie off remainder of strap so that it is not loose while driving.

3.39.2 FIXED STRAP AND RATCHET OPERATION • Always try to work from the ground. Never go on the back of a load • Check condition of fixed strap prior to use to make sure there is no damage or tears. • If strap is found to be unusable, ensure this is reported to your supervisor and tagged out of use. • Check no one is present on the other side. Throw strap to next securing point. • Open ratchet and feed the strap into the ratchet, being careful not to cut or trap fingers. • Operate the ratchet to tension the strap, being careful not to over exert or cause back injury. Try

not to strap above or below you but at chest height. • Do not double loop excess strap back into ratchet. • Leave remainder of strap neat and tidy rolled up next to ratchet.


3.40 RESPIRATORY HAZARDS- STYLES OF MASKS

3.40.1 PHYSICAL FORM Respiratory hazards may be present as:

� Gases � Vapours � Fumes � Mist or � Dusts

Gases – consist of individual molecules of substances and at room temperature and pressure are always in the gaseous state. Common toxic gases found in construction are carbon monoxide from engine exhaust and hydrogen sulphide produced by decaying matter found in sewers and other places. Vapours – are similar to gases except that they are formed by the evaporation of liquids (i.e. water vapour). Common vapours found in construction are produced by solvents such as xylene, toluene and mineral spirits used in paints, coatings and degreasers. Fumes – are quite different from gases or vapours, although the terms are often used interchangeably. Technically, fumes consist of small particles formed by the condensation of materials which have been subjected to high temperatures. Welding fume from coal tar used in built-up roofing and fume from diesel engines. Mists – are small droplets of liquid suspended in air. The spraying of paint, from oils and other materials generates mists of varying composition. Dusts – are particles which are usually many times larger than gases, vapours or fumes and are generated by crushing, grinding, sanding or cutting. The most common hazardous dusts in construction are asbestos from insulation and fireproofing, and silica from sandblasting, rock drilling and concrete cutting. In construction settings, respiratory hazards may be compounded, depending on the number and variety of jobs underway. For example, both mist and vapours may be present from paint spraying or both gases and fumes from welding.

3.40.2 SIDE EFFECTS Respiratory hazards can be divided into the following classes based on the type of effects they cause: Irritants are materials which cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. This group includes fibreglass dust, hydrogen chloride gas, ozone and many solvent vapours. With some materials i.e. cadmium fume produced by welding or oxyacetylene cutting of metals coated with cadmium, the irritation leads to a pneumonia-like condition called pulmonary edema. This effect may not be apparent until several hours after exposure has stopped.


Asphyxiates interfere with the body’s ability to use oxygen. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide are examples of chemical asphyxiates. Central Nervous System Depressants interfere with nerve function and cause symptoms such as headache, drowsiness, nausea and fatigue. Most solvents are central nervous system depressants. Fibrotic Materials cause “fibrosis” or scarring of lung tissue in the air sacs. Common fibrotic materials found in construction include asbestos and silica. Oxygen Deficiency results when the oxygen in the air has been displaced by another gas or vapour (i.e. nitrogen used to purge piping and tanks) or has been consumed by chemical or biological activity (i.e. rusting or bacteria digesting sewage). The oxygen content of normal outside air is approximately 21% by volume. Oxygen content below 18% is considered insufficient to support life. Many authorities specify 19.5% as the minimum acceptable oxygen concentration. Oxygen concentrations lower than 15% can cause loss of consciousness and may quickly be fatal. Nuisance Dusts do not cause significant effects unless exposure is of high concentration and/or long duration. Excessive exposure to these substances can be adverse in itself or can aggravate existing conditions such as emphysema, asthma or bronchitis. Examples include plaster dust, cellulose from some insulation and limestone dust.

3.40.3 STYLES OF FACE PIECES In addition to the type of respirator and mode of operation, the style of face piece is used to classify respirators. Only 3M 8210, 8710, or equivalent disposable masks on sites (these masks have two straps and are thicker) Disposable Masks – most of these devices are designed to be worn only once. They fit over the mouth and nose, rest on the chin and are held in place by one or two straps. Some of the more sophisticated versions with adjustable straps and exhalation valves can be worn more than once, provided they are not damaged. Quarter-Face Masks – these are usually designed to be reused and fit over the mouth and nose. They rest on the chin and are held in place by one or two straps.

3.40.4 SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS In order to select the proper respirator for a particular job, it is necessary to know and understand the characteristics of the contaminant(s), the anticipated exposure conditions and the performance limitations of the equipment. The selection of respirators should only be done by someone who understands all three factors. When seeking information on the type of respirator for use in specific situations, contact the manufacturer or distributor and ask to speak with the respiratory protection specialist. Most respirator manufacturers can assist with selection.


Provide as much of the following information as possible: � Name of the material � Type of work to be done (i.e. painting, welding) � Description of worksite conditions (i.e. inside a tank, outdoors) � Exposure concentration, if known (i.e. 150 ppm of toluene) � Whether the material will be heated, sprayed, etc. � Other materials being used in the vicinity

The respiratory protection specialist will evaluate this information and compare it with the following additional data:

a. The permissible exposure limit of the dust, gas or vapour, often referred to as the TLV or threshold Limit Value. These values are used in conjunction with the protection factors listed in Table 3 to determine the maximum use concentration.

b. TLV is a term copyrighted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

c. Vapour Pressure – the maximum amount of vapour which can be generated under given conditions

d. Warning Properties (i.e. irritation, odour, taste) – if the material has poor warning properties (for example, when the lowest concentration than can be detected by odour is greater than the permissible exposure concentration), air-purifying respirators are usually not permitted

e. Types of Effects – with center-causing materials a higher degree of protection is usually specified

f. Performance of Filters – with some gases and vapours, the filter can become overloaded in just a few minutes. Therefore, knowledge of the filtering material and its performance against gases and vapours is necessary

g. The Lower Explosive Limited (LEL) of the gas or vapour. If the expected concentration is in excess of the LEL, only Self Contain Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) respirators are considered adequate

h. The concentration considered to be Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH). IDLH atmospheres pose an immediate threat to life or health or the threat of a serious but delayed effect on health (i.e. radioactive dust exposures).

i. An example of an IDLH situation is the repair of a chlorine leak where a worker could be overcome by the gas very quickly.

j. IDLH atmospheres should only be entered by persons wearing SCBA or SCBA/airline respirators

k. Possibility of skin absorption. With some chemicals, the amount of material which can be absorbed through the skin is of equal or greater concern than the amount of gas or vapour which can be inhaled. For these situations, supplied-air protective suits may be necessary

As evidenced by points a) to k), many factors must be considered to ensure that the proper respirator is selected for a specific situation. Remember: Respirators must be selected only by someone who is knowledgeable and competent in this field.


3.40.5 RESPIRATOR MAINTENANCE Like any equipment, respirators require maintenance. The following instructions cover the major points.

a) Filters should be changed as follows: � Dust/mist/fume filters should be changed when

there is noticeable resistance to normal breathing � Chemical cartridge respirators should be changed

when the gas or vapour can be tasted or smelled � Any filter should be changed at the interval specified

by the manufacturer or when damaged in any way b) Inhalation and exhalation valves should be checked before

the respirator is used c) Damaged face piece, straps, filters, valves or other parts

should be replaced with “original equipment” parts d) Face pieces should be washed with mild soapy water as

often as necessary to keep them clean and wearable e) Respirators should be assigned to the exclusive use of

individual workers f) Where a respirator must be assigned to more than one

worker, it should be disinfected after each use (check with the manufacturer regarding acceptable sanitizers/disinfectants)

g) Check all supply hoses, valves and regulators on supplied-air respirators as specified by the manufacturer

h) SCBA units and high pressure cylinders of compressed breathing air should be used and maintained in accordance with Canadian Standards Association CAN3-Z180.1-M85 “Compressed Breathing Air” and Z94.4-M1982 “Selection, Care and Use of Respirators”

i) Compressors and filtration systems used with supplied-air respirators must be maintained in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations

3.40.6 APPROVALS AND STANDARDS The Canadian Standards Association has issued two standards pertaining to respiratory protection which should be reviewed by users:

� CAN3-Z180.1-M85 “Compressed Breathing Air” lists the criteria for air purity and delivery systems

� Z94.4-M1982 “Selection, Care and Use of Respirators” offers recommendations on the three aspects of the subject


3.41 ROUTER USE

3.41.1 GENERAL APPLICATION 1. Stay alert, watch what you are doing and use common sense when operating a power tool. 2. Dress properly. Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry. Contain long hair. Keep your hair, clothing, and

gloves away from moving parts. 3. Avoid accidental starting. Be sure switch off before plugging in. 4. Remove adjusting keys or switches before turning the tool on. 5. Do not overreach. Keep proper footing and balance at all times. 6. Use safety equipment. Always wear eye protection.

3.41.2 TOOL USE AND CARE 1. Do not force tool. Use the correct tool for application. 2. Do not use tool if switch doesn’t turn the tool on or off. 3. Disconnect the plug from the power source before making any adjustments, changing

accessories, or storing the tool. 4. Store idle tools out of reach of children and other untrained persons. 5. Maintain tools with care. Keep cutting tools sharp and clean. 6. Check for misalignment or binding of moving parts, breakage of parts, and any other condition

that may affect the tools operation. If damage, have the tool serviced before using. Poorly maintained tools cause many accidents.

7. Use only accessories that are recommended by the manufacturer for your model. 8. Only qualified repair personnel must perform tool service.

3.41.3 ADDITIONAL SPECIFIC SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR CUTOUT TOOLS

Hold tool by insulated gripping surfaces when performing an operation where the tool may contact hidden wiring or it’s on cord. Contact with a live wire will make exposed metal parts of the tool LIVE and shock the operator.

CAUTION: Do not touch the bit or collet nut during or immediately after cutting material. The bit and the collet nut may be hot enough to burn bare skin.

WARNING: use of this tool can generate dust containing chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. Use proper respiratory equipment.

After changing bits or making any adjustments, make sure the collet nut is securely tightened to avoid injury.

Shut off all live electric circuits to any areas where cuts outs will be made, to avoid fire or serious injury.


3.42 SCAFFOLDS 1. The erection and dismantling of scaffolds must be carried out under the supervision of

personnel trained/competent in such operations 2. Workers erecting or dismantling a scaffold more than 10 feet high must be tied off with a

full body harness, and adequate double latching lanyard complete with shock absorber 3. Scaffolds must be erected with all braces, pins, screw jacks, adjustable base plates and

other fittings, as required by the manufacturer 4. Scaffolds must be adequately braced horizontally and vertically

i. Most tubular frame scaffolds should have braces both on every section in the vertical plane

ii. Horizontal bracing is provided to some extent by the scaffold platform and the base plates on the scaffold legs. However, where scaffolds are severing sections high or where they are on casters, most manufacturers recommend that horizontal bracing be used

5. Scaffolds MUST be equipped with guardrails consisting of a top rail 42”, mid-rail 21” and toeboard, if 10’ high and above

6. Scaffold platforms must be at least 20 inches wide and if they are over 10 feet high they must be planked across their full width

7. Scaffolds must be tied to a building at vertical intervals for each 4.6 meter intervals and 6.4-meter horizontal intervals

8. Where scaffolds cannot be tied into a building, guide lines adequately secured must be used to provide stability

9. Scaffold frames must be effectively pinned together where scaffolds are over two frames in height or where they are used as rolling scaffold towers

10. Scaffold planks must be securely fastened to prevent them from sliding, i.e. cleats 11. Scaffold planks must be of good quality, free from defects such as loose knots, splits or

rot, rough sawn, measuring 50mm x 255 mm (2” x 10”) in cross section and No. 1 spruce or better when new

12. Scaffolds must be erected, used and maintained in a reasonably plumb condition 13. Scaffold planks must be installed so that they overhang by at least 150mm (6 inches) but

not more than 300mm (12 inches) 14. Scaffolds must be equipped with a proper ladder for access. Vertical ladders must be

equipped with 150mm (6 inches) stand-off brackets and a ladder climbing fall protection device or safety cage when they are more than 5m (16 feet) high

15. Scaffolds over 15m (50 feet) in height must be designed by a professional engineer and constructed in accordance with the design, and must have an Engineer stamp

16. Remove ice, snow, oil, grease and other slippery material from the platform and sand the surface, if necessary

17. Wheels or casters on rolling scaffolds must be equipped with braking devices and securely pinned to the scaffold frame

3.42.1 TAGGING REQUIREMENTS 1. An employer must ensure that a bracket scaffold, double-pole scaffold, needle-

beam scaffold, outrigger scaffold, single-pole scaffold, suspended scaffold or swing stage scaffold is colour coded using tags at each point of entry indicating its status and condition as follows:

a) a green tag with “Safe for Use”, or similar wording, to indicate it is safe for use;

b) a yellow tag with “Caution: Potential or Unusual Hazard”, or similar wording, to indicate the presence of a potential or unusual hazard;


c) a red tag with “Unsafe for Use”, or similar wording, to indicate it is not safe to use

2. An employer must ensure that a bracket scaffold, double-pole scaffold, needle-beam scaffold, outrigger scaffold, single-pole scaffold, suspended scaffold or swing stage scaffold erected but not immediately put into service, or not used for more than 21 consecutive calendar days, has a red tag at each point of entry until it is inspected and tagged by a competent worker for use.

3. An employer must ensure that a bracket scaffold, double-pole scaffold, needle-beam scaffold, outrigger scaffold, single-pole scaffold, suspended scaffold or swing stage scaffold is inspected and tagged by a competent worker before it is used for the first time and at intervals of not more than 21 calendar days while workers work from the scaffold or materials are stored on it.

4. A tag attached to a scaffold under this section expires 21 calendar days after the date of the inspection it records.

5. A tag required by this section must include: a) the duty rating of the scaffold b) the date on which the scaffold was last inspected c) the name of the competent worker who last inspected the scaffold d) any precautions to be taken while working on the scaffold, and e) the expiry date of the tag

NOTE: SEE SCAFFOLD INSPECTION CHECK LIST FORM IN SECTION 7.3


3.43 TABLE SAWS 1. Sawdust is a respiratory hazard. In woodworking shops, dust collectors must be installed to

remove sawdust from the table and the air. Elsewhere, dust masks or respirators may be necessary if ventilation is poor

2. Never wear loose-fitting clothes (particularly loose shift cuffs), neck chains, rings, ties, scarves, gloves or anything that can get caught on the stock or the machine

3. Keep the floor around the saw clear of scrap and sawdust to prevent slipping and tripping 4. Always stop the machine before making adjustments. Before making major adjustments,

always disconnect the main power supply 5. Select a sharp blade suitable for the job 6. Use the safety devices such as push sticks and feather boards recommended by the

manufacturer 7. Make sure nobody stands in line with a revolving blade 8. Do not let anyone or anything distract you when you are operating the saw 9. Whenever possible, keep your fingers folded in a fist rather than extended as you feed work

into the saw 10. Never reach around, over or behind a running blade to control the stock 11. Only adequately trained/competent workers will operate and maintain the saw 12. Follow manufacturer’s recommendation in matching motor size to the saw. Underpowered

saws can be unsafe 13. Table saws must be properly grounded. Check the power supply for ground and use a Ground

Fault Circuit Interrupter. GFCI’s must be used with saws operated outdoors or in damp locations

14. Table saw must be equipped with an on/off switch so power can be shut off quickly in an emergency. Older saws that are turned on and off simply by inserting or removing the plug, must be fitted with a recessed starter switch to prevent accidental contact

15. All moving parts, i.e. belts on motor, must have adequate guard in place so nothing can get caught e.g. loose clothing

3.43.1 BASKET GUARDS i. Basket guards are manufactured in various shapes and sizes and are either

fixed or adjustable. They may be fastened to the splitter or hinged to either side of the saw on an L-shaped or S-shaped arm. Baskets are made of aluminum, sheet metal, see-through plastic or some combination of the three.

ii. Properly constructed basket guards can protect the operator from flying sawdust and splinters and from accidental contact with the saw blade.

All table saws must have factory supplied blade-guards on at all times

3.43.2 KICKBACK Kickback occurs when stock binds against the saw blade. The blade can fire the wood back at the operator with tremendous force, causing major injuries to abdomen, legs and hands. To minimize the danger of kickback, take the following precautions:

1. Whenever possible, do not stand in line with a turning blade. See that other workers stand clear as well


2. Make sure the rip fence is aligned to offer slightly more clearance behind the blade than in front. This will help prevent binding

3. Use a sharp blade with teeth properly set for the type of wood being cut. A dull or badly formed blade will cause friction, overheating and binding

4. Install a splitter to keep the kerf (cut) open behind the blade. Also effective are anti-kickback fingers attached to the splitter

3.43.3 SPLITTERS Like basket guards, splitters are made in various shapes and sizes. Splitters prevent the kerf (cut) from closing directly behind the blade. Ideally, they should be slightly thinner than the saw blade and manufactured of high tensile steel. Splitters are not always needed with carbide-tipped saw blades, whose relatively wide kerf may provide the desired clearance. A wide kerf alone, however, is often not enough to keep some boards from closing behind the cut and binding against the blade. In general, it is impossible to predict how a board will behave during ripping. It may remain straight, presenting no problems. On the other hand, the release of internal stresses may make the two ripped portions behind the blade either close up or spread apart.

3.43.4 BLADES SELECTION Blades come in different designs for specific purposes. A blade unsuited to the job can be as hazardous as one that is dull. The overheating of an improper blade, for example, can change blade tension and make the blade wobble. The saw may then kick back dangerously before the operator is able to switch it off. Know how to choose the right blade for the job. The types commonly used in construction are illustrated in the following diagrams.


3.43.4.1 CROSSCUT BLADE Bevelled, sharp-pointed crosscut teeth are designed to sever the fibers by cutting across the wood grain. The size plus the bevel and rake angles of the teeth are important factors in cutting different woods efficiently. Softwood requires bigger teeth to carry off the sawdust. Hardwood calls for the cutting action of many relatively fine teeth. Note the different bevel and rake angles needed for cutting hardwood and softwood.

3.43.4.2 RIPSAW BLADE The flat, chisel like tooth tips on ripsaw blades are designed to cut in the direction of the woods long grain. Teeth are neither bevelled nor needle-pointed. Needle-pointed teeth would clog and the blade would overheat. Never use a ripsaw blade for crosscutting or for cutting plywood. The stock may jam and overheat the blade or splinter in long slivers that can seriously injure the operator.

3.43.4.3 ROUGH CUT COMBINATION BLADE The rough cut combination blade combines features of the crosscut and ripsaw blades. It can be used for crosscutting and rippling or for cutting plywood. The teeth have alternately bevelled shoulders and straight tooth shoulder (the slope line) does not drop below the heel of the tooth bind.

3.43.4.4 STANDARD COMBINATION OR MITRE BLADE This type is mainly used by trim carpenters and cabinetmakers. It consists of a repeating pattern of a single, deep-gullet raker tooth for crosscut teeth. The blade can be used for cutting both hardwood and softwood and for mitering.

3.43.4.5 CARBIDE-TIPPED BLADES Some of the blades described above are also available with carbide teeth made of extremely hard alloys containing tungsten, titanium or tantalum. Carbide blades stay sharp longer than ordinary steel blades but are more expensive and should be professionally sharpened with diamond abrasives. Take special care not to strike metal when using a carbide-tipped blade. The tips can break off, ruining the blade and injuring the operator.


3.43.4.6 CLEAN UP In woodworking shops, it is relatively easy to maintain a clean work area. Table saw operators know that areas free of scrap and cuttings improve production and safety. Other workers should be kept clear of the saw by yellow warning lines on the floor at least one meter from the sides of the machine and a line or plywood panel at least three meters behind the operator. Warning stripes or barriers should also be placed at the out feed end. On construction sites, similar arrangements are obviously more difficult to establish. Table saws often sit in basements, on decks or in corners with insufficient working space and sometimes open to the weather. The footing may simply consist of a sheet of plywood. Conditions can be improved by keeping the immediate area clear of scrap and by stacking material away from the machine. Try to keep the work area as clear and open as possible to avoid tripping hazards and to provide sound footing.

3.43.4.7 RADIAL ARM SAWS The motor and blade of the radial arm saw are suspended above the table. Because the motor and blade assembly can be locked in different positions and can travel during the cut, the operator must pay special attention to keeping finger and hands clear. Injuries involving radial arm saws tend to be serious. By using appropriate guards and procedures, however, operators can safely use the saw for crosscuts, mitre cuts, ripping, and dadoes.

3.43.4.7.1 SET-UP • the saw cut must be adequately powered for the

work, especially for cutting thick hardwood • the saw should be installed in a well sit area out of

the way of traffic, with enough space to store and handle long lengths of wood. Locating the machine with its back to a wall or partition can help to keep flying pieces from hitting anyone

• where possible, mark the floor with yellow warning lines to keep other personnel back from the saw

• make sure all safety guards and devices are in place. If they are not, tag and take the tool out of service

• choose the right blade for the job. A sharp tungsten carbide combination blade is good for both crosscutting and ripping without frequent re-sharpening


3.43.4.7.2 GENERAL PROCEDURES • If you don’t have someone to help with long stock,

use a roller stand or extension table to support the work

• Always return the motor head to keep the column stop

• When crosscutting or mitering, keep hands at least six inches away from the blade. Do not adjust length of cut until motor is back at column

• Slope the table top back slightly to keep the blade at the column, thereby preventing contact with stock being placed in position

• Do not allow the blade to cut too quickly when crosscutting or mitering

• Avoid drawing the blade completely out of the cut. The cut piece, whether large or small, often moves. When the saw is rolled back towards the column, the teeth can grab the piece and shoot it any direction

• Do not cut by pushing the saw away from you into the stock. The material can lift up and fly over the fence

3.43.4.7.3 RIPPING AND CROSSCUTTING • For regular ripping, turn the motor away from the

column to the in-rip position. Feed stock into the saw from the right side

• To cut wide stock, change the saw to the out-rip position. Feed the stock into the saw from the left side. Operators accustomed to in-ripping may find this set up awkward. Remember, the blade must turn up and toward the person feeding the stock

• Do not force the cut. Allow the blade through the wood at it’s own pace

• To avoid kickback, take the following precautions: - maintain proper alignment of the blade with

fence - adjust anti-kickback device 1/8 inch below

the surface of stock being fed - use a sharp blade, free of gum deposits and

with teeth properly set - when binding occurs, stop saw and open

kerf cut with a wedge - after completing cut, remove stock from

rotating blade to prevent overheating and possible kickback

- always push stock all the way through past the blade

- use a push stick when ripping narrow pieces.

- Have suitably sized and shaped push sticks for other jobs as well


3.43.4.7.4 FEATHER BOARDS Another way of ripping narrow stock safely relies on one or two feather boards. A feather board clamped immediately in front of the saw blade will provide side pressure to the stock without causing binding and kickbacks. Use a push block to feed stock all the way through.


3.44 WAREHOUSE SAFETY

3.44.1 OVERVIEW Warehouses can be hazardous places to work. Workers can be seriously injured or even die as a result of warehouse hazards. A warehouse is a commercial building used by manufacturers, importers/exporters, retailers/wholesalers, transport companies and other businesses for storage of goods, raw materials and other commodities. Activities at a warehouse generally include loading and unloading various materials and goods from trucks onto pallets (racks) by hand and using forklifts. Most injuries and fatalities can be prevented. Employers are responsible for protecting workers from any hazards in a warehouse. Some of the hazards workers could be exposed to include:

3.44.1.1 STORAGE AND RACKING SYSTEMS

Pallet racks, usually made of steel, support heavy loads which could collapse and severely injure or kill a worker. Racking hazards include: • partial or total failure/collapse of racking systems • lift trucks colliding with racks, causing material to be displaced or causing potential

damage to the racking itself • material falling through the back of racks • high floor vibration at forge shops, causing loads to crawl and fall off racks if

improperly secured

3.44.1.2 LOADING AND UNLOADING AREAS

Workers can be exposed to a range of high-risk hazards at indoor and outdoor shipping and receiving areas of workplaces, including loading docks. A review of events over the past 10 years shows workers continue to suffer serious injuries and fatalities as a result of these hazards. These fatalities have included workers being: • pinned between forklifts on loading docks • pinned between loading dock and truck or trailer • pinned between truck and trailer • struck by or run over by a truck • struck by falling items that were not secured • struck by falling dock plate

Workers in shipping and receiving areas can also be exposed to hazards involving external trucking firms contracted to deliver and carry loads. The truck drivers can be at risk if they are not familiar with the workplace. For example, there may be: • different measures and procedures for securing vehicles against accidental

movement • different levels of access to each workplace • unique features involving the yard layout • specialized dock leveling and dock locking systems • lifting devices which drivers may not be trained to use


3.44.1.3 SLIPS, TRIPS AND FALLS

Slips, trips and falls are some of the leading causes of injuries resulting in lost time at work in Alberta. Common hazards: • slippery surfaces (ex: oily or greasy) • seasonal trip hazards (snow and ice) • spills of wet or dry substances • changes in walkway levels and slopes • unsecured mats • poor lighting • debris and items stored in pedestrian walkways • trailing cables in pedestrian walkways • smoke, steam or dust obscuring view 3.44.1.4 MANUAL HANDLING

Workers are at risk of back injury and muscular strains from lifting and moving heavy or bulky items of stock. 3.44.1.5 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS AND BEST PRACTICES

Employers, supervisors and trainers should emphasize the need for workers to communicate any questions or concerns that they may have about warehousing/yard hazards. Supervisors or others involved in training workers should be familiar with some of the unique health and safety concerns faced by warehouse workers.

3.44.2 WAREHOUSE SAFETY – GENERAL GUIDLINES

Besides setting guidelines in complying with the standards above in the warehouse setting, OSHA offered these safety measures for warehouse workers’ general safety:

• The facility must have proper lockout/tagout procedures. • The warehouse must be well ventilated. • All floors, aisles and surfaces must be free of clutter, hoses, spills, electrical cords and

other materials or factors that could cause slips, trips or falls. • Proper guards must be provided for exposed or open loading dock doors and other

similar areas that could cause employees to fall 4 feet or more. • Employers must factor in proper work practices when determining the time requirements

for each employee in accomplishing every task. • Workers who have to perform physical work must have enough periodic rest breaks to

avoid fatigue. • All newly-hired employees must receive both general ergonomics training and task-

specific training. • Every employee must be trained on how to avoid heat stress in hot and humid

environments.


3.44.3 PUSH/ PULL SAFETY

3.44.3.1 PURPOSE To raise awareness of workplace hazards that can cause a Musculoskeletal Injury. An injury that results in a strain, sprain, torn muscle, tendon, ligament or joint is called a MSI (musculoskeletal injury).

3.44.3.2 GENERAL Our work requires us to push and pull carts, wheeled equipment and other objects. Injuries from lifting, pushing & pulling are caused by over exertion and are among one of the most frequent types of injuries. Recognize the risks related to pushing and pulling and understand how to minimize your risk of injury.

These risks and hazards have been identified to cause injuries:

• When pulling a load, the cart may run over your feet or hit your ankles. • Pulling a load while facing the direction of travel may cause your arm to be stretched

behind your body, increasing your risk of injury. • Pulling a load while walking backwards can cause you to not watch the direction you are

going, creating a slip and fall. • Floors that are uneven, or cluttered can cause a slip or trip. • Footwear with a slippery sole can increase the chance of slipping while pushing or

pulling. • Unstable loads can cause a tripping hazard. • Trying to catch a falling load may lead to an injury. • Moving too fast while pushing or pulling can cause a fall.

Please take care and caution and follow these safe work procedures to prevent you from injury: *Push rather than pull. When you push:

• You can see where you are going. • You cause less stress on the shoulders and decrease the chance for injury. • You can apply more force by leaning your body weight into the load, making the work

easier. CHOOSE TO PUSH WHENEVER YOU CAN.

Regardless of whether you push or pull: • Plan your path of travel. Make sure it is free of obstructions, slippery surfaces, etc. • Avoid rough or uneven surfaces. • Wear appropriate footwear. • Make sure the load is stable. • Do not try to catch a falling load. • Place your hands within the sides of the cart or equipment. • Use both arms. • Keep your elbows in as close to your body as possible ad forearms at elbow height. • Keep your back straight. • Stay close to the item you are moving. • Avoid moving too fast. Pace yourself.

* Make sure equipment is in good working order. Remove equipment from service and apply KERR Defective Equipment tag if equipment is in need of repair.


3.45 SAFE WORK PRACTICES – DEVELOPMENT/ANNUAL REVIEW

Safe Work Practices

Development Review- Yr 1 Review- Yr 2 Review- Yr 3 Date (D/M/Y)

By Whom:

Date (D/M/Y)

By Whom

Date (D/M/Y)

By Whom

Date (D/M/Y)

By Whom

All KERR Interior Systems Ltd. documents and forms from this section may be retained in a “hard copy” paper form or by electronic means for the purpose of auditing and retention of documented forms as is required by government and Alberta OH & S regulations. End of Section 3

Section 3 2016

Documents

Transcript of Section 3 2016