SECTION 262200 - LOW-VOLTAGE...

Project Name – Line 1Project Name – Line 2

Project Code #xxx-xxxxxMonth Day, Year

EYP, Inc – Proj No. xxxxxxx.xx

SECTION 26 2250 - LOW-VOLTAGE (HARMONIC MITIGATING) TRANSFORMERS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following types of dry-type transformers rated 600 V and less, with capacities up to 1000 kVA:

1. Distribution transformers.

a. Harmonic mitigating.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. HMT: Harmonic mitigating transformers.

B. Linear Load: A load (i.e., a motor, incandescent lamp, resistor) that does not influence the shape of the original sinusoidal current waveform but may change the relative timing (phase angle) between the sinusoidal voltage and current waveform.

C. Nonlinear Load: A load (i.e. rectifier, arc, motor drive, switch-mode power supply, fluorescent lamp) that influences the shape of the current waveform resulting in a condition in which total harmonic distortion of current (THDI) is greater than total harmonic distortion of voltage (THDV). Because the current supplying a nonlinear load is interrupted by a switching action, the current contains frequency components (harmonics) that are multiples of the fundamental frequency.

D. Total Harmonic Distortion of Current (THDi): A measure of the harmonic current distortion present in a system or sub-system defined as the ratio of the sum of all harmonic current frequency components to the fundamental current frequency component.

E. Total Harmonic Distortion of Voltage (THDv): A measure of the harmonic voltage distortion present in a system or sub-system defined as the ratio of the sum of all harmonic voltage frequency components to the fundamental voltage frequency component.

LOW-VOLTAGE (HARMONIC MITIGATING) TRANSFORMERS 26 2250 - 1




1.4 MANDATORY BID PROCEDURES

A. Based on the recommendations of The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), The American Institute of Architects (AIA), Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) and the U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE); the bid price for each low voltage, dry-type transformer specified for this project must be identified (priced) separately within the electrical bid and shall not be included in the bid pricing for other electrical distribution equipment, i.e. panel boards, switchgear, etc., that falls under Division 26 of the Standard AIA Specification Structure. If specified transformers are not separately identified in the bid pricing then the entire bid will be disqualified.

1. Proposal Form: [Refer to Division 00, Section 000300 “Proposal Form”.] Submit completed proposal form at time of bid with transformers priced separately from all other electrical distribution equipment, i.e. panelboards, switchgear, circuit breakers, etc. in such a manner that the transformers and/or other items in the bid may be purchased separately.

1.5 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: Submit the following information for review and approval by the engineer of record prior to delivery and installation of each transformer that is to be supplied for this project.

1. Nameplate kVA rating.2. Nominal Voltage rating, primary and secondary.3. Winding configuration, primary and secondary.4. Core and coil materials.5. Taps, quantity and configuration.6. Dimensions.7. Weight.8. Accessories.9. Performance Characteristics:

a. Frequency.b. Impedance.c. Insulation class.d. Temperature rise.e. Sound level.f. BIL rating.g. Inrush data.h. Accessories.i. Loss and efficiency data.

B. Shop Drawings: Detail equipment assemblies and indicate dimensions, weights, loads, required clearances, method of field assembly, components, and location and size of each field connection.

1. Wiring Diagrams: Power, signal, and control wiring.





1.6 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Manufacturer Seismic Qualification Certification: Submit certification that transformers, accessories, and components will withstand seismic forces defined in Section 260548 "Vibration and Seismic Controls for Electrical Systems." Include the following:

1. Basis for Certification: Indicate whether withstand certification is based on actual test of assembled components or on calculation.

a. The term "withstand" means "the unit will remain in place without separation of any parts from the device when subjected to the seismic forces specified and the unit will be fully operational after the seismic event."

2. Dimensioned Outline Drawings of Equipment Unit: Identify center of gravity and locate and describe mounting and anchorage provisions.

3. Detailed description of equipment anchorage devices on which the certification is based and their installation requirements.

B. Source quality-control test reports.

C. Field quality-control test reports.

1.7 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS

A. Operation and Maintenance Data: For transformers to include in emergency, operation, and maintenance manuals.

1.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer Qualifications:

1. Transformer manufacturers proposing to submit a bid for harmonic mitigating transformers shall have a minimum of twenty years' experience in the design and manufacture of harmonic mitigating transformers. Manufacturing experience in the design and manufacture of general purpose transformers does not qualify.

2. Manufacturer shall be ISO 9001 certified.

B. Source Limitations: Obtain each transformer type through one source from a single manufacturer. Pricing for transformers must be provided separate from other distribution system equipment and must be clearly listed on the bid form based on manufacturer.

C. Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, Article 100, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, and marked for intended use.

D. Comply with IEEE C57.12.91, "Test Code for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers."





1.9 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate size and location of concrete bases with actual transformer provided. Cast anchor-bolt inserts into bases. Concrete, reinforcement, and formwork requirements are specified with concrete.

B. Coordinate installation of wall-mounting and structure-hanging supports with actual transformer provided.

1.10 WARRANTY

A. Manufacturer's Warranty: Manufacturer warrants that the product(s) delivered conforms to the specifications and is free from defects in material and workmanship for the Warranty Period(s) indicated below, pro-rated from the date of Substantial Completion, provided that the product(s) have not been misused, abused, altered, neglected, improperly installed or damaged.

B. Warranty Period: Manufacturer agrees to repair or replace products that fail in materials or workmanship within specified warranty period.

1. Terms and Conditions

a. Harmonic Mitigating – High Efficiency Transformers: Twenty (20) years pro-rated, with standard limited liability clauses provided that the manufacturer participates in and approves of the product application indicated on the Drawings.

C. Limit of Liability:

1. Manufacturer’s overall liability is limited to the cost of the product or defective part.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 GENERAL TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENTS

A. Description: Factory-assembled and -tested, air-cooled units for 60-Hz service.

B. Cores:

1. Three-phase, common core construction with one leg per phase.2. Grain-oriented, non-aging silicon steel.3. Anti-vibration pads shall be installed between the core and the enclosure.4. All transformers112.5 kVA and above shall utilize a miter-cut core to achieve

ultra-low, no-load losses and the core shall be constructed with no more than three laminations per vertical or horizontal group.





C. Coils: Continuous windings without splices except for taps.

1. Internal Coil Connections: Brazed type.2. Coil Material: [Copper] or [Aluminum].

D. Voltage Class: 1.2 kV.

E. BIL Rating: 10 kV

F. Magnetic Field: 0.1 Gauss at a maximum of 18 inches.

G. Losses and Efficiency:

1. Linear load losses and efficiency:

a. Linear losses and efficiency shall be determined in accordance with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) requirements as defined in Energy, 10 CFR. §431, Subpart K, Appendix A (2015) using the "Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test Method". Manufacturers shall provide proof of compliance Type Tests for each transformer type and kVA rating. Type Tests are required with each submission.

b. Linear loss curves (0 percent to 100 percent full load) shall be provided for each transformer type and kVA rating. Linear losses at 0 percent, 15 percent, 25 percent, 35 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of full load shall be easily identified on each transformer loss curve AND shall be identified separately in table or other form to the nearest thousandth of a kilowatt (kW).

c. Linear efficiency curves (0 percent to 100 percent full load) shall be provided for each transformer type and kVA rating. Linear efficiency ratings at 0 percent, 15 percent, 25 percent, 35 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, and 100 percent of full load shall be easily identified on each transformer efficiency curve and shall be identified separately in table or other form to the nearest one hundredth of one percent.

2. Nonlinear load losses and efficiency:

a. Currently, there are no recognized standards for “measuring” transformer losses and determining transformer efficiencies under nonlinear load conditions. Therefore, nonlinear losses and efficiencies must be calculated in accordance with IEEE Std. C57.110-2004, “IEEE Recommended Practice for Establishing Transformer Capability When Supplying Non-sinusoidal Load Currents”. Manufacturers shall provide proof of compliance calculations for each transformer type and kVA rating. Calculations are required with each submission.1) IEEE Std. C57.110-2004 enables any transformer manufacturer to

utilize the known linear losses and efficiencies of their transformers, which must be obtained using the “Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test Method”, defined in Energy, 10 CFR. §431, Subpart K, Appendix A (2015), to calculate the nonlinear losses and efficiencies of those same





transformers under any “specific” nonlinear load condition. For the purposes of this specification, a “specific” nonlinear load condition shall be characterized by the transformer’s load level (as a percentage of nameplate kVA rating), load K-Factor and FHL (Harmonic Loss Factor), load harmonic spectrum including harmonic magnitudes and load %THDi.

2) Nonlinear load testing programs that incorporate the use of capacitors, inductors, resistors, rectifiers, switch-mode power supplies or other electronic loads in an effort to simulate perceived, real world nonlinear load conditions in a controlled manufacturing environment are not acceptable since (i.) these testing programs are unique to each manufacturer, (ii.) non-duplicable due to source impedance variations at each manufacturer’s facility and (iii.) highly inaccurate due to significant and unavoidable loss measurement and calculated efficiency errors that exist when using the "Power-In - Power-Out Method". As documented by ANSI/IEEE, when using the "Power-In - Power-Out Method" to determine input and output power characteristics, the loss measurement error may exceed plus or minus 51.6 percent and calculated efficiency error may exceed plus or minus 1.34 percent, even when using synchronized, revenue class CTs, VTs and Wattmeters.

3) Additionally, nonlinear load testing programs receive no professional, technical or governmental oversight since there are no recognized nonlinear testing standards that can be used for reference. This inevitably gives manufacturers the liberty to develop their own unique testing protocols which cannot be compared and evaluated equally against other manufacturers’ who may have completely different testing protocols.

b. Nonlinear loss curves (0 percent to 100 percent full load) shall be provided for each transformer type and kVA rating based on a “specific” nonlinear load condition characterized by having a 35% of nameplate kVA load, UL 1561 load K-Factor of K13, load harmonic spectrum equal to [1st-1.0, 3rd-0.150, 5th-0.320, 7th-0.250, 9th-0.080, 11th-0.150, 13th-0.125, 15th-0.040] and %THDi of 48.32%. Nonlinear losses at 0 percent, 15 percent, 25 percent, 35 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of full load shall be easily identified on each transformer loss curve AND shall be identified separately in table or other form to the nearest thousandth of a kilowatt (kW).

c. Nonlinear efficiency curves (0 percent to 100 percent full load) shall be provided for each transformer type and kVA rating based on the same “specific” nonlinear load condition used to calculate nonlinear losses (refer paragraph b. above). Nonlinear efficiency ratings at 0 percent, 15 percent, 25 percent, 35 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of full load shall be easily identified on each transformer efficiency curve AND shall be identified separately in table or other form to the nearest one hundredth of one percent.





2.2 DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

A. Harmonic Mitigating, Isolation Transformers for Medium K-Factor Loads (K-Factor Greater Than 4.0 and Less Than or Equal to 13.0 and THDi Greater Than 20 percent and Less Than or Equal to 40 Percent):

1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide Power Quality International LLC, Type DV (ZS), with losses equal to or less than required by Energy, CFR 10 §431.196(a)(2) (2015) or comparable product.

2. Harmonic mitigating transformers shall be fabricated according to the following:

a. CSA C9-M.b. CSA22.2 No. 47.c. CSA C802.2.d. UL-1561e. ANSI C57.110f. NEMA ST-20

3. Description:

a. Single input, single output.

b. Energy Efficiency: Low voltage, dry-type, harmonic mitigating, distribution transformers shall be high efficiency (PQI ZS efficiency option or equivalent) and therefore must meet or exceed all of the following loss and energy efficiency requirements:

1) High Efficiency (ZS):a) Losses less than or equal to Energy, CFR 10 §431.196(a)(2)

(2015) under 35 percent linear load conditions.b) Maximum losses and minimum efficiency under linear load

conditions per Table 1 - ZS Linear, High Efficiency.

Table 1 - ZS Linear, High EfficiencyMax and Min Values for Losses and Efficiency for “High Efficiency” Transformers

Meeting Energy, CFR 10 §431.196(a)(2) (2015) Efficiency Levels Under Linear Loading

kVANo Load 35% Load Full Load

Loss(kW)

Eff.(%)

Loss(kW)

Eff.(%)

Loss(kW)

Eff.(%)

15 0.0566 0.0000 0.1132 0.9789 0.5185 0.9666

30 0.0946 0.0000 0.1892 0.9823 0.8668 0.9719

45 0.1280 0.0000 0.2561 0.9840 1.1733 0.9746

75 0.1864 0.0000 0.3727 0.9860 1.7077 0.9777

112.5 0.2512 0.0000 0.5025 0.9874 2.3021 0.9799

150 0.3027 0.0000 0.6054 0.9886 2.7737 0.9818





Table 1 - ZS Linear, High EfficiencyMax and Min Values for Losses and Efficiency for “High Efficiency” Transformers

Meeting Energy, CFR 10 §431.196(a)(2) (2015) Efficiency Levels Under Linear Loading


Loss(kW)

Eff.(%)

Loss(kW)

Eff.(%)

Loss(kW)

Eff.(%)

225 0.4218 0.0000 0.8437 0.9894 3.8655 0.9831

300 0.5196 0.0000 1.0392 0.9902 4.7612 0.9844

500 0.7590 0.0000 1.5181 0.9914 6.9552 0.9863

c) Nonlinear losses and efficiency shall be based on the following:i. UL 1561 load K-Factor: K13ii. Harmonic Spectrum:

1st (1.0), 3rd (0.150), 5th (0.320), 7th (0.250), 9th (0.080), 11th

(0.150), 13th (0.125), 15th (0.040).iii. THDi: 48.32%

d) Maximum losses and minimum efficiency per Table 2 - ZS Nonlinear, High Efficiency, based on the nonlinear load conditions stated in paragraphs c) i., ii. and iii. above.

Table 2 - ZS Nonlinear, High EfficiencyMax and Min Values for Losses and Efficiency for High Efficiency Transformers

Under K13 Nonlinear Loading [THDi: 48.32% , Harmonic Spectrum: 1st (1.0), 3rd (0.150), 5th (0.320), 7th (0.250), 9th (0.080), 11th (0.150), 13th (0.125), 15th (0.040)]


Loss(kW)

Eff.(%)

Loss(kW)

Eff.(%)

Loss(kW)

Eff.(%)

15 0.0566 0.0000 0.1253 0.9767 0.6954 0.9557

30 0.0946 0.0000 0.2149 0.9799 1.2400 0.9603

45 0.1280 0.0000 0.2968 0.9815 1.7656 0.9622

75 0.1864 0.0000 0.4346 0.9837 2.6076 0.9664

112.5 0.2512 0.0000 0.5965 0.9851 3.6692 0.9684

150 0.3027 0.0000 0.7229 0.9864 4.4828 0.9710

225 0.4218 0.0000 1.0153 0.9873 6.3621 0.9725

300 0.5196 0.0000 1.2944 0.9878 8.4728 0.9725

500 0.7590 0.0000 1.9122 0.9892 12.6872 0.9753

c. Configuration:

1) kVA Rating: As indicated on drawings..2) Primary Voltage: 480V.3) Secondary Voltage: 208/120 V.





4) System Frequency: 60 Hz.5) Primary winding configurations shall be “Delta” in order to ensure the

required zero-sequence reactance and impedance. (“Wye” connected primary windings shall NOT be used.)

6) Secondary winding configurations shall be “Zig-Zag” for 0 degree phase shift HMTs and “Modified Zig-Zag” for all other phase shift HMTs in order to ensure that zero-sequence flux is completely cancelled under balanced zero-sequence loading.

7) Primary to Secondary Phase Shift: [0, minus 30, minus 15 and minus 45 primary to secondary phase shift degrees for a 24-pulse system]; [0, minus 20 and minus 40 primary to secondary phase shift degrees for an 18-pulse system]; [0 and minus 30 or minus 15 and minus 45 primary to secondary phase shift degrees for a 12-pulse system].

8) Positive- and Negative-sequence impedance at 60 Hz shall be 3 to 6 percent

9) Zero-sequence reactance at 60 Hz shall be less than 0.2 percent.10) Zero-sequence impedance at 60 Hz shall be less than 0.9 percent.11) Crest Factor Suitability: 4.512) Neutral connection shall be rated at two times the ampacity of the

secondary phase current.13) Capability to deliver full nameplate kVA with a load K-factor up to

K30.d. Design shall be optimized for harmonic rich and high neutral current

environment.e. Harmonic cancellation shall be by electromagnetic means only. No

capacitors or electronics shall be used.f. Specifically designed to provide an ultra-low zero-sequence impedance (less

than 0.9 percent) path for all zero-sequence currents (i.e. I3, I9, I15, I21,) in their three-phase, four-wire secondary windings regardless of phase shift. In addition, the transformer must perform all of the follow functions:

1) Provide for the cancellation of 5th, 7th, 17th, 19th, --- positive-sequence and negative-sequence harmonic currents at each transformer’s primary bus, equal to the lesser source of each individual harmonic current through each model, thereby treating all of the foregoing harmonic currents, when 0 degree and minus 30 degree or minus 15 degree and minus 45 degree phase shift transformers are used in combination.

2) Provide for the cancellation of 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th, 17th, 19th, --- positive-sequence and negative-sequence harmonic currents at each transformer’s primary bus, equal to the lesser source of each individual harmonic current through each model, thereby treating all of the foregoing harmonic currents, when 0 degree, minus 20 degree and minus 40 degree phase shift transformers are used in combination.

3) Provide for the cancellation of 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th, 17th, 19th, 21st, 23rd, --- positive-sequence and negative-sequence harmonic currents at each transformer’s primary bus, equal to the lesser source of each individual harmonic current through each model, thereby treating all of the foregoing harmonic currents, when 0 degree, minus 30 degree,





minus 15 degree and minus 45 degree phase shift transformers are used in combination.

B. List and label as complying with UL 1561.

C. Provide transformers that are constructed to withstand seismic forces specified in Section 260548 "Vibration and Seismic Controls for Electrical Systems."

D. Enclosure: Ventilated, NEMA 250, Type 3R, Indoor (Standard) unless otherwise indicated on Drawings.

1. The front and back covers of the enclosure shall be securely fastened using zinc plated, hexavalent chromium free, captive stainless-steel inserts and hex-head bolts. The use of self-tapping screws to secure the front and back covers is not permitted.

E. Transformer Enclosure Finish: Comply with NEMA 250.

1. Finish Color: PQI White Powder Coat (standard).

F. Taps for Transformers 15 kVA and Larger: Two 2.5 percent taps above and two 2.5 percent taps below normal full capacity.

G. Insulation Class: 220 deg C, UL-component-recognized insulation system with a maximum of [115 deg C rise] above 40 deg C ambient temperature unless otherwise indicated on Drawings.

H. Wall Brackets: Manufacturer's standard wall mounting brackets shall be provided where indicated on Drawings.

I. Low-Sound-Level Requirements:

1. Maximum sound levels, when factory tested according to IEEE C57.12.91, as follows:

a. 9 kVA and Less: 40 dBAb. 30 to 50 kVA: 45 dBAc. 51 to 150 kVA: 50 dBAd. 151 to 300 kVA: 53 dBAe. 301 to 500 kVA: 55 dBAf. 501 to 750 kVA: 62 dBAg. 751 to 1000 kVA: 64 dBA

J. Integrated Power and Performance Meter: Provide integrated power and performance meter with the following features and benefits.

1. General: Multifunctional power quality meter shall be flush mounted on the front face of each transformer and shall provide continuous monitoring of each transformer’s three phase, four wire secondary load.





a. Meter shall measure voltage, current, real and reactive power, real and reactive energy, current and power demand, power factor, frequency etc.

b. I/O ports shall be provided for monitoring and controlling various functions for specific applications.

c. Programmable alarm set-points shall be available for users to set over/under limit alarm parameters.

d. Meter shall be accessible from master device such as local computer and PLC via Modbus and Ethernet communication.

2. Safety Certificate & Testing:

a. Meter shall be manufactured under an ISO9001 registered program.b. Meter shall be UL and cUL listed, and CE marked. c. Meter shall conform to IEC 61010-1, UL61010-1 and cUL61010-1 safety

standards.d. Meter shall conform to emission compliance FCC Part 15 Subpart B, Class

A, EN 55011, EN50081-2, IEC 61000-4/ -2-3-4-5-6-8-11 standards.e. Meter shall conform to the IEC 60068-02 environment standard and conform

to immunity standard EN 50082-2 for industrial environment.f. Meter shall have an environmental tolerance rating of IP54 (NEMA 3) g. Meter shall be able to store in -40°C to 85°C.h. Meter (including LCD screen) shall be able to operate from -2°C to 75°C.i. Meter shall have a dielectric strength of 2500 Vac for 1 minute to voltage

input and shall withstand 1500 Vac continuously.j. Meter shall accept input voltage range of 400 Vac L-N and 690 Vac L-L.k. Meter shall have an isolation voltage rating of 3000 Vac for mechanical relay

output and 2500 Vac for digital output.l. Meter shall be able to withstand fault current at 100A rms for 1 second and

shall withstand 20A rms continuously.m. Meter shall accept universal power for control power supply input.n. Meter shall provide optional low voltage DC power for control power supply

input.

3. Metering and Monitoring

a. Meter shall be panel mount design and shall be able to fit into a DIN 43700 (92mm x 92mm square hole) or ANSI C39.1 (4-inch round hole) cutting standard.

b. Meter front shall not exceed 96mm x 96mm in size when mounted on panel.c. Meter shall have the option for standard 35mm DIN rail mount.d. Meter shall include integrated display and control keys on the front panel of

the meter for programming settings and viewing real-time measurements.e. Integrated display shall be a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with backlight to

clearly display measurement readings. f. Meter shall provide indication signal such as flashing LCD backlight upon

alarm conditions.g. Meter shall be able to display all measured values on demand using the

control keys on meters front panel.h. Meter shall provide a true RMS measuring of VAN, VBN, VCN, VAB,

VBC, VCA, IA, IB, IC, IN, voltage/current unbalance, power factor, line





frequency, individual harmonics for voltage/current, THD, kW, kvars, kVA, import and export kWh/kvarh, kVAh, and demand readings for current and power. Maximum and minimum values of measured quantities shall also be recorded and date/time stamped.

i. Meter shall accept input current range of up to 10 Aac.j. Meter shall support current input options of 333mV, RCT or mA for use with

333mV output CT's, Rogowski coil CT's and 80/100/200mA output CT's. k. Meter shall be able to provide demand metering for current and power.

Demand shall be programmable either using Thermal or Sliding Window method with the demand interval from 1 to 30 minutes (increment of 1 min).

l. Following measurement range, minimum resolution and full scale accuracy for the monitored parameters shall be provided:

Parameters Accuracy Resolution RangeVoltage 0.2% 0.1V 10V~500kVCurrent 0.2% 0.1mA 5mA~50000APower 0.2% 1W -9999MW~9999MWReactive Power 0.2% 1 Var -9999MVar~9999MVarApparent Power 0.2% 1 VA 0~9999MVAPower Demand 0.2% 1W -9999MW~9999MWReactive Power Demand 0.2% 1 Var -9999MVar~9999MVarApparent Power Demand 0.2% 1 VA 0~9999MVAPower Factor 0.2% 0.001 -1.000~1.000Frequency 0.2% 0.01Hz 45.00~65.00Hz

Energy Primary 0.2S 0.1kWh 0-99999999.9kWhSecondary 0.2S 0.001 kWh 0-999999.999kWh

Reactive Energy Primary 0.2S 0.1 kvarh 0-99999999.9kVarhSecondary 0.2S 0.001 kvarh 0-999999.999kVarh

Apparent Energy Primary 0.2S 0.1 kVAh 0-99999999.9kVAhSecondary 0.2S 0.001 kVAh 0-999999.999kVAh

Harmonics 2.0% 0.1% 0.0%~1 00.0%Phase Angle 2.0% 0.1° 0.0°~359.9°Unbalance Factor 2.0% 0.1% 0.0%~1 00.0%Running Time 0.01h 0~9999999.99h

4. Power Quality Analysis:

a. Power analysis features shall include individual voltage/current harmonic spectrum display (through the 63rd harmonic with odd, even and total harmonic distortion), THFF, voltage/current unbalance factor, voltage crest factor and current K factor.

b. Meter shall be capable of providing sequence of events (SOE) log with a resolution of 2ms.

c. Meter shall automatically generate log for maximum/minimum measurement parameter value. Events shall be recorded with time stamps and shall be stored in the meter.

5. Module Design:





a. Meter shall have modules option for flexible and easy function expansion b. Ethernet module shall be provided for Ethernet communication and for

internet access.c. Profibus module shall be available for direct connection to PLCs.d. IO modules shall be available to support digital input, digital output, pulse

output, relay output, analog input and analog output functions.e. Maximum of 3 modules and 2 same I/O modules shall be used for one meter.

6. Input/Outputs:

a. Meter shall have input and output modules available for control and transducer functions:

1) Maximum of 18 digital inputs (DI) shall be available for monitoring electrical switches status, recording SOE and for counting pulses.

2) Maximum of 4 mechanical relay outputs (RO) shall be available for over/under limit alarm and for electrical switch control. RO shall be able to use current and power demand values for load shedding control.

3) Maximum of 4 digital outputs (DO) shall be available for over/under limit alarm and for real/reactive energy pulse output.

4) Maximum of 4 analog outputs (AO) with either current option (4(0)-20mA) or voltage option (1(0)-5V) shall be available to work as a multifunction and smart transducer.

5) Maximum of 4 analog inputs (AI) with either current option (4(0)-20mA) or voltage option (1(0)-5V) shall be available to digitize analog signals from non-electrical signal transducers. Digital representation can be used in downstream control centers.

7. Alarming:

a. User shall be able to set over/under limit alarm conditions for all measured quantities. These include frequency, phase voltage, line voltage, current, real/reactive/apparent power, voltage/current unbalance, power factor, power demand, etc…

b. Meter shall automatically generate log for over/under limit alarm events. Events records with time stamp shall be stored in the meter.

c. Alarming time delay tolerance shall be ±20%.

8. Communication:

a. Meter shall be able to work as a remote terminal unit (RTU).b. Meter shall be able to communicate using Modbus-RTU protocol over

RS485 communication ports at baud rate up to 38400 bps. Through the use of communication, user shall be able to read/write set-points, read actual values, execute commands and access the meter remotely.

1) Meter shall be able to connect to local computer with a USB/RS485 or RS232/RS485 converter.

2) Maximum of 32 meters shall be able to connect on the same RS485 serial communication network (daisy chain).





c. Meter shall support Ethernet communication through Modbus-TCP protocol.

1) Through the use of Ethernet module, meter shall be able to communicate over Local Area Network (LAN) using TCP/IP. The module shall support both 10M and 100M connections.

2) Ethernet module shall support both Modbus-TCP and HTTP protocol.3) Meter with Ethernet module shall be capable to act as a HTTP server.4) Ethernet module shall support SMTP protocol for email function.5) HTTP server shall send email to selected users when alarm triggers or

according to the preset time interval.6) Ethernet module shall support HTTP Push function for pushing

meter's data to a HTTP server.7) Meter with Ethernet module shall support SNTP protocol for

synchronizing meter time to a time server.d. Meter shall support Profibus-DP/V0 communication protocol.

1) Meter shall support dual communication (serial communication through Modbus-RTU and Ethernet or Profibus communication) and shall be able to communicate to master devices such as local computer and PLC using the two methods at the same time.

9. Data Logging Software

a. Power quality analysis software shall be available to provide means to monitor meter’s real-time parameter with a computer at a remote location and to perform data logging and recording.

b. Parameters such as VAN, VBN, VCN, VAB, VBC, VCA, IA, IB, IC, IN, voltage/current unbalance, power factor, line frequency, individual harmonics for voltage/current, THD, kW, kvars, kVA, import and export kWh/kvarh, kVAh, and demand readings for current and power shall be recorded into an Excel spreadsheet.

c. Up to 128 meters shall be monitored using data logging software.

2.3 IDENTIFICATION DEVICES

A. Manufacturer’s Nameplates: Nameplates (minimum of two required) for each distribution transformer shall be permanently affixed to the left and right side of each transformer enclosure so that the transformer remains permanently identified when front or back covers are removed. The placement of a single manufacturer nameplate on the front cover of the enclosure is unacceptable.

B. Identification Nameplates: Engraved, laminated-plastic or metal nameplate for each distribution transformer shall be used to identify the transformer name, kVA rating, source name, load name and feeder size for both primary and secondary. Nameplates and label products are specified in Section 260553 "Identification for Electrical Systems."





2.4 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Test and inspect transformers according to IEEE C57.12.91.

B. Factory Sound-Level Tests: Conduct sound-level tests on equipment for this Project.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine conditions for compliance with enclosure- and ambient-temperature requirements for each transformer.

B. Verify that field measurements are as needed to maintain working clearances required by NFPA 70 and manufacturer's written instructions.

C. Examine walls, floors, roofs, and concrete bases for suitable mounting conditions where transformers will be installed.

D. Verify that ground connections are in place and requirements in Section 260526 "Grounding and Bonding for Electrical Systems" have been met. Maximum ground resistance shall be 5 ohms at location of transformer.

E. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 INSTALLATION

A. Install wall-mounted transformers level and plumb with wall brackets fabricated by transformer manufacturer.

1. Brace wall-mounted transformers as specified in Section 260548 "Vibration and Seismic Controls for Electrical Systems."

B. Construct concrete bases and anchor floor-mounted transformers according to manufacturer's written instructions, seismic codes applicable to Project, and requirements in Section 260529 "Hangers and Supports for Electrical Systems."

3.3 CONNECTIONS

A. Ground equipment according to Section 260526 "Grounding and Bonding for Electrical Systems."

B. Connect wiring according to Section 260519 "Low-Voltage Electrical Power Conductors and Cables."





3.4 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Perform tests and inspections and prepare test reports.

B. Tests and Inspections:

1. Perform each visual and mechanical inspection and electrical test stated in NETA Acceptance Testing Specification. Certify compliance with test parameters.

C. Remove and replace units that do not pass tests or inspections and retest as specified above.

D. Test Labeling: On completion of satisfactory testing of each unit, attach a dated and signed "Satisfactory Test" label to tested component.

3.5 ADJUSTING

A. Record transformer secondary voltage at each unit for at least 48 hours of typical occupancy period. Adjust transformer taps to provide optimum voltage conditions at secondary terminals. Optimum is defined as not exceeding nameplate voltage plus 10 percent and not being lower than nameplate voltage minus 3 percent at maximum load conditions. Submit recording and tap settings as test results.

B. Output Settings Report: Prepare a written report recording output voltages and tap settings.

3.6 CLEANING

A. Vacuum dirt and debris; do not use compressed air to assist in cleaning.

END OF SECTION 26 2250


SECTION 262200 - LOW-VOLTAGE...

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