SECTA Sports Medicine. Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle Ankle sprains: The most common injury...
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Transcript of SECTA Sports Medicine. Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle Ankle sprains: The most common injury...
THE FOOT, ANKLE & LOWER LEG
INJURIES
SECTA
Sports Medicine
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Ankle sprains:The most common injuryMostly due to excessive inversion and
plantar flexionMost commonly injured ligament is the
anterior talofibular ligamentLess common is the eversion sprain due to
the deltoid ligament
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Ankle Sprains1st degree:
○ 1 or more of the supporting ligaments are stretched
○ S/S: minor discomfort, point tenderness, little or no swelling, no abnormal joint movement
○ TX: RICE, splinting, taping, bracing, eliminate all activities that cause pain
○ Rehab: ROM exercises, stretching exercises, strengthening exercises
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Ankle Sprains2nd degree:
○ Portion of 1 or more ligaments is torn○ S/S: pain, point tenderness, swelling, disability
loss of function, slight abnormal movement○ TX: RICE, splinting, taping, bracing, eliminate
all activities that cause pain○ Rehab: ROM exercises, stretching exercises,
strengthening exercises
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Ankle Sprains3rd degree:
○ 1 or more of the ligaments have been completely torn
○ S/S: extreme pain (unless nerve damage has occurred), loss of function, point tenderness, rapid swelling, chance of fracture
○ TX: RICE, splinting, taping, bracing, eliminate all activities that cause pain, consult a physician
○ Rehab: ROM exercises, stretching exercises, strengthening exercises, possible surgery
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Inversion ankle sprain Inversion ankle sprain
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Arch SprainMost involve the metatarsal or inner
longitudinal archReduces the ability of the arches to absorb
shockCaused by overuse, overweight, fatigue,
training on hard surfaces, wearing nonsupportive or worn shoes
TX: RICE
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Great Toe Sprain (Turf Toe)Big toe hyperextends (first
metatarsophalangeal joint) often due to slippery surfaces
Minor injury but does limit athletes’ performance
TX: RICE, support, often x-rays to rule out more severe injury
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Plantar FasciitisPlantar fascia
becomes strained due to overuse, toe running, unsupportive footwear, running on hard surfaces
S/S: Pain near heel (similar signs as heel bruise)
TX: RICE, stretching, heel cushion
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Retrocalcaneal BursitisCaused by constant
rubbing from the heel of the shoe leading to chronic inflammation of the bursa
S/S: tenderness, swelling, warmth and redness
TX: Doughnut pad place around the area
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
BunionThe head of the 1st
metatarsal enlarges due to wearing improperly fitting shoes
S/S: Obvious deformity, tenderness, and swelling
TX: Proper shoe selection, protection devices, possible surgery
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Bunion
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Pes PlanusOver pronation of the
foot caused by the lack of support in shoes, genetics, or age
S/S: foot pain, lack of longitudinal arch, lateral heel tilt
TX: arch stretches, toes curls, ice massage, orthotics
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Pes Planus
Common Injuries of the Foot & Ankle
Ingrown ToenailCaused by improper
shoe size and nail cutting
S/S: increased pain, swelling, redness around the nail bed
TX: hot, soapy water, antibiotics, raise nail up
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Muscle Cramp:A sudden, involuntary contraction of the muscleContributing factors:
○ Fatigue○ Fractures (due to atrophy)○ Dehydration○ Lack of nutrients in diet (sodium, magnesium,
calcium, potassium)○ Poor flexibility○ Improperly fitted equipment
TX: passive stretching, fluid replacement, massage, rest, ice
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
ContusionsMost commonly occur
over the shin due to a blunt force trauma
Complication of a severe contusion may lead to Compartment Syndrome or peroneal nerve damage
TX: ice
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Achilles TendonitisCaused by repetitive weight bearing
activities that increase quicker than the body can adapt
S/S: pain and stiffness around the Achilles tendon- gradual onset
TX: limit/restrict the activity that caused the irritation, aggressive stretching
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Achilles Tendon RuptureCaused by a sudden eccentric force is
applied to a dorsiflexed foot with a chronically tight tendon
S/S: feel/hear a pop, feels as if kicked in the leg, inability to plantar flex foot
TX: Surgery vs. cast
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome Shin SplintsCaused by changes of any kind in training,
abnormal strength in antagonist muscleS/S: anterior medial shin painTX: eliminate bad changes, modified rest,
cryotherapy, arch tape job
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Stress FractureCaused by repeated stress place on a bone
that is greater than the body’s ability to adapt or heal
S/S: point tender at fracture site, pain relief in the morning
TX: rest
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Stress Fractures
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
FracturesCaused by direct blow, twisting force,
repetitive use (stress fractures)10-15% of lower-leg fractures are open
fracturesTibial fractures are more easily recognized
than fibula fractures
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Fractures
Closed Fracture Tibial x-ray
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Fractures
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Fractures
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
DislocationCaused byS/S:TX:
Common Injuries of the Foot, Ankle & Lower Leg
Dislocation