Second Half of Russia Presentation

Kelli BennettCarly GarrisonJosh Overcash

Joseph WilliamsMelissa Williams

Social Stratificati

on

oSocial Stratification was viewed from two different perspectives

i.Antagonistic social classesii.Various groups of people who have relatively similar levels of political power, privilege and prestige.

oConcept of social class was based on Marxist theory

Defined especially by a person’s relations to the means of production.

oSince 1936, the Soviet Union has been defined as a socialist society

Property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community

Social Class

Stratification of Class

Two recognized classes:1. Working class

oLaborers and Farmers2. Intelligentsia

oNon-Laborers, Clerical and Administrative jobs

The Elite ClassoPoliticiansoManagers of the largest production enterprisesoDirectors of educational, research and medical establishmentsoSenior military officials

First three decade: upward mobility depended on meeting certain political requirements. Often promotions were

based entirely on political criteria, at the expense of technical or other

qualifications

Social Mobility

In the USSR, social mobility was based on different

principles at different stages of development

oAs the system matured, greater emphasis was put on education as a principle for advancement, and

the society move more closely to meritocratic principles

Meritocratic: system of government or another organization wherein appointments are made and responsibilities are give based on demonstrated ability and talent rather then by wealth, family connections, class privilege, popularity, or other historical determinants of social positions and political power

oDue to the ability of the intelligentsia to be more able to provide higher education, the intelligentsia became more self-recruiting. Thus, the more industrial the society became, the more rigid became the system of stratification

SocialMobility

oPay differentialsi.Manual workers usually have six grades in their pay scale (Anywhere from 70 rubles per month to 210 rubles per month)ii.Elite Class: Ranges from 600 rubles per month to 2000 rubles per month.

oChanges in social structurei.The political revolution of 1917, was followed by an induces industrial revolution

•Huge rise in employment•Higher access to education•Return on society rose•Higher rates in continuing education

Health Care

Education

oEducation is centrally plannedoThere are 2 ministries in charge

1. The Ministry of Education2. The Ministry of Higher

and Secondary Specialized Education

Pre School EducationoDay nursery for children 6 months to 3years

oNursery School or kindergarten for children 3 to 6 or 7 years old.oUsually attended by children of urban familiesoParents paid an income-related sum for meals and for optional foreign-language teachings.oEmphasis on “upbringing” (how to act, how to interact, etc)

General Educatio

n

Higher Education

Kinship

Method for Namingo A person has a given name at birth: first, middle, and lastoFrom the given first name, there are 3 more types of names

1. Diminutive form –what the father would say2. Endearing form –what the mother would say3. Pejorative form –what friends would say

oThe middle name is a patronymic name from the father.o The last name is the family name and replaces the female’s last name at marriage.

Russian FamilyoTo Russians, family is extremely important. oThe familial unit is dependent on one another.oUrban families tend to be smaller and may live in apartments with 2 to 3 generations residing in a small space.oRural families tend to be largeoBoth believe in the idea of the extended family, incorporating babushkas and dadushkas (grandmothers and grandfathers) into their daily living.oThe elderly are treated with the utmost respect, even if they are not the grandparents of the person.

oAverage family size is 3oNational population crisisoInfertile: abortionoPoverty

Russian Family

oWomen are ½ the active workforce (34.9 million)oEarn 1/3 what men earnoSpecific fieldsoLegally, equal rights

oCredit, educationo“Personal dignity” (rape)oVersus religious?

Status of Women

Status of Women

oPregnant women; women with childrenoMarriage: 18, some circumstances 16

oPolygyny is officially illegaloTraditionally monogamousoMuslim areas (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan); toleratedoZhirinovsky & legalization

Status of Women

oDowry traditional; ¼ father’s worthoNot practiced todayoStill have traditions:

o“ransom of the bride”osharing the loafowedding feast

Wedding Traditions

oProstitutionoLittle optionsoYoung ageoInternational

Status of Women

Short Quiz

1. Russia was formerly known as which of the below during the Communist rule?

A. Confederation of RussiansB. U.S.S.R.C. United Society of CommunismD. The Big Red

2. Russia’s population is…A. Growing, but slowlyB. Growing rapidlyC. Declining

3. This religion is not found in a majority of RussiaA.ChristianityB.JudaismC.SikhismD.Islam

4. Russian’s middle names come from which family memberA.MotherB.FatherC.AuntD.Grandfather5. On average, women are paid in

what percentage to menA.1/4 B.5/4C.1/3D.1/2

http://libweb.hawaii.edu/libdept/russian/album/slideshow.htm (multiple)

http://www.un.int/russia/new/MainRoot/newrussiaen/religionen.htm

http://www.jamd.com/image/g/72953870?partner=Google&epmid=1

http://www.bestwaytoinvest.com/UserFiles/Image/Russia-c.jpg

http://www.clearharmony.net/a_images/2006/05/2006-05-15-russia-family.jpg (multiple)

http://campus.belmont.edu/honors/Virgins/16thRusVirgSign.jpg

http://democraticpiece.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/russ0001.thumbnail.GIF

http://www.bellona.no/imagearchive/de7c7e0044f63d97 (multiple)

http://www.panchjanya.com/8-10-2000/putin11.jpg

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/portugal/pt02_04b.jpg

http://www.odyssei.com/travel-gallery/76252.html (multiple)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia (multiple)

Picture SourcesMel Williams

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4701633.stmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Russia

“How do you create a sense of shared identity in a country divided by race, language, and religion?” (Robert Parsons-New Bill on National Identity)

Russian Public Opinion Research Center

CIA Fact book

http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/russia-country-profile.html

http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3183.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy

Information SourcesMel Williams

Brown, Archie, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Russia. Ed. Archie Brown, Michael Kaser, and Gerald S. Smith, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994