SEASONS LAB for SchoolWires.notebook · SEASONS LAB for SchoolWires.notebook 5 October 08, 2014 Oct...

SEASONS LAB for SchoolWires.notebook

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October 08, 2014

Oct 31:57 PM

Lab: The Reason for the Seasons


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October 08, 2014

Oct 86:22 PM

10/06/2014

Lab: Reasons for Seasons

Purpose: To model the reason for the seasons by demonstrating how the angle of the light affects its intensity on the surface.

(In other words, How does the angle of the light affect the intensity of the light?)


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October 08, 2014

Sep 251:31 PM

Experiment setup flashlight

stack of books

book with graph

paper taped to

one side

protractor


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October 08, 2014

Oct 85:41 PM

Lab: The Reason for the SeasonsIntroduction: We have learned that the reason we have seasons on Earth is thatEarth is tilted on its axis of rotation 23.5 degrees. As Earth orbits the sun,different parts of the earth receive more direct, concentrated sunlight at differenttimes of year. The purpose of this lab is to demonstrate how the angle of thesunlight affects its intensity. Materials: • flashlight• tape (masking & clear)• graph paper • several textbooks• ruler• protractor• colored pencils (green, blue, purple, orange, brown)Procedure:Preparing the Light Source1. Make a stack of textbooks about 6 inches high on the lab table.2. Lay the flashlight on its side on top of the stack of books, lining up theedge of the flashlight so it is close to the edge of the stack. Use maskingtape to tape the flashlight down so it can't roll around. (SeeFigure 1)Preparing the Surface:1. Use the clear tape to attach a sheet of graph paper to another textbook.(Use an uncovered textbook, so the tape will come off easily when youare done.)2. Turn on the flashlight. (Please, do not waste the flashlight batteries!)3. Hold the book with attached graph paper vertically in front of theflashlight, as shown in Figure 1. Move the graph paper closer or fartheraway from the flashlight, until the light on the paper forms a mediumsized, sharp circle about 23 inches in diameter. 4.

Measure the distance from the edge of the graph paper to the flashlight andrecord this number as “starting distance” in your science journal. Makecertain to keep the graph paper at this starting distance for all testing!

Directions

page 1


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October 08, 2014

Oct 85:41 PM

Procedure:1. One person should hold the graph paper vertically (straight up and down) at the starting distance in front of the flashlight.

2. Another person should use a green colored pencil to draw around the outline of the light on the graph paper. Just draw around the most intense circle of light.

3. Observe the brightness of the light inside this outline and record your observations.

4. Place the protractor next to the graph paper so that the 90 º mark is lined up with your vertical textbook. Now tilt the textbook with attached graph paper 10 º.

5. Use a blue colored pencil to draw around the outline of the light on the graph paper. (Again, trace only the most intense area of light.)

6. Observe the brightness of the light inside this outline, and record your observations and compare the brightness of the light at this angle to the previous outline.

7. Repeat steps 4–6 for tilt angles of 20°, using a purple pencil, 30°, using an orange pencil, and 40°, using a brown pencil.

Analyzing Your Data:1. Draw the data table in your Journal. Use a ruler!

2. Count the approximate number of squares inside each light outline. Record your counts in the data table.NOTE: For partial squares, estimate how much of the square is lit up; for example, if it looks like onefourth of the square is lit up, add 0.25. If it looks like half of the square is lit up, add 0.5, and so forth. (Use decimals, not fractions!)

3. Send someone from your group to record your data in the Table on the Smartboard. When we have all groups’ data, we will calculate averages and you will record them in your own data table.

Data Table: Number of Lighted Squares

Degree of tilt0°

(green)

10°

(blue)

20°

(purple)

30°

(orange)

40°

(brown)

Number of squares within the outline

(your group)

Class Average Number of Squares within the outline.

Instructions

page 2


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October 08, 2014

Oct 68:50 AM

0⁰10⁰20⁰

30⁰

40⁰

Note: Book with graph paper started straight up and down, and was tilted away from the flashlight.


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October 08, 2014

Oct 310:05 AM

After drawing the circles, everyone counted the squares within the outlines. When a square was only partly in the circle, we counted pieces of them and added them up.


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October 08, 2014

Sep 264:01 PM

Degree of tilt

0°(green)

10°(blue)

20°(purple)

30°(orange)

40°(brown)

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6

Per. 1 Class Average


11286.5 121


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October 08, 2014

Sep 264:01 PM

Degree of tilt

0°(green)

10°(blue)

20°(purple)

30°(orange)

40°(brown)

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6




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October 08, 2014

Sep 264:01 PM

Degree of tilt

0°(green)

10°(blue)

20°(purple)

30°(orange)

40°(brown)

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6




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October 08, 2014

Sep 264:01 PM

Degree of tilt

0°(green)

10°(blue)

20°(purple)

30°(orange)

40°(brown)

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6




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October 08, 2014

Sep 264:01 PM

Degree of tilt

0°(green)

10°(blue)

20°(purple)

30°(orange)

40°(brown)

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6




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October 08, 2014

Oct 86:00 PM

Degree of tilt

0°

(green)

10°

(blue)

20°

(purple)

30°

(orange)

40°

(brown)

Period 1 86.5 112 121 137 151.5

Period 2 55.3 105.3 197.6 245.8 309.8

Period 6 50.5 65 96 118 145

Period 7 122 164 146 187 264

Period 8 130 223 293 340 460

Data Table: Average Number of Lighted Squares for each Class


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October 08, 2014

Oct 711:01 AM

Construcng a Line Graph:

Step 1: Determine which variable belongs on each axis and label them.• The independent variable belongs on the x‐axis.• The dependent variable belongs on the y‐axis.• If it is a quantave variable, include the units in parentheses.

Step 2: Decide on Scale and Interval. (Determine how you will fit the data onto your axes.)

Step 3: Plot the points & connect them.

Step 4: Write the tle of the graph. The tle should be detailed and specific!


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October 08, 2014

Oct 711:02 AM

Things to remember when making graphs by hand:

1. Use a ruler!

2. Use a pencil!

3. Intervals must be equal!

4. Be as neat as you can.

5. Make your axes and grids on the blue lines, not between them.

6. Don't forget to add specific labels and a specific, descriptive title!


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October 08, 2014

Oct 711:40 AM

What is wrong with this graph?

Graph

squares

degrees of the light

0 10 20 30 40 50 60


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October 08, 2014

Oct 711:40 AM

Did you find all these errors?

Graph

squares

degrees of the light

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

title not descriptivelabel is facing wrong way and is not descriptive

x-axis not on blue gridline and really crooked

intervals on y-axis are not equal

intervals on x-axis are not equal

no numbers!

y-axis is not on blue gridline

poor label!


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October 08, 2014

Oct 310:04 AM

Angle of Light

10⁰ 20⁰ 30⁰ 40⁰0⁰

Num

ber o

f Lighted Squares

This graph of data from 2013 is an example of a good graph:

Reasons for Seasons Lab: Relationship Between Angle of Light and Number of Lighted Squares

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

375

400


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October 08, 2014

Oct 310:04 AM

Angle of Light

10⁰ 20⁰ 30⁰ 40⁰0⁰

Num

ber o

f Lighted Squares


25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

375

400

(degrees)

Your task is to make a double line graph that shows your own group's data in one color and your class's average in a different color.

This is the basic template for your graph, except you must decide how to number and scale your yaxis according to how you can best fit your particular data onto the graph.


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October 08, 2014

Oct 310:04 AM

Angle of Light

10⁰ 20⁰ 30⁰ 40⁰0⁰

Num

ber o

f Lighted Squares

Comparison of Data from 2013 and Period 1 & 2 from 2014


25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

375

400

Key

2013 data

2014 data

This is an example of a double line graph. You will also need to include a key for your graph.

Attachments

clipboard.bmp

SMART Notebook

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