Seafood quality, safety and trade - thaihalalfoods.com · Marbelize S.A. BRC, IFS, ISO 9001,...
Transcript of Seafood quality, safety and trade - thaihalalfoods.com · Marbelize S.A. BRC, IFS, ISO 9001,...
Seafood quality, safety and trade
Iddya Karunasagar
Senior International Consultant
Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations
Fishery production and utilization Fish production
(million tonnes live weight) Per capita fish supply (kg)
Aquaculture in Asia Pacific Region
• Asia Pacific Region produced about 50 million tonnes of fish by aquaculture
• Five SE Asian countries in global top ten: – 7.7 million tonnes, – 13.7 billion dollars,
• SE Asia production: – 16 % of global total, – 13 % of total value
• Southeast Asia highest growth in aquaculture of the Asian sub‐regions in recent years: – 45% increase over last decade
• FAO study of aquaculture policies in Southeast Asia– reveals that well‐planned government interventions built on comparative advantages and fostering an enabling incentive environment can lead to economic growth, food security and better living standards.
Aquaculture in Asia Pacific Region
• Backyard aquaculture contributes to livelihoods
• Major contribution to local economies and fish supply
• significant contribution to household and local food/nutritional security
• Effective integration of aquaculture with other livelihood activities
• More effective utilization to limited resources available to small farm holder
• Empowerment of women
• Increased resilience of livelihood of smallscale farmer
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Aquaculture vs capture in global production 1950 - 2022 (FAO-OECD projections)
Aquaculture
Capture production
Source: FishstatJ & Globefish Highlights (2014)
Note: 2012 & 2013 estimated figures
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World fish trade - major importers
2011 to 2013
Other EU Japan USA Source: Globefish Highlights (2014) Note: 2013 estimated, EU includes intra-EU
Global market trends
Strong growth: now 4th biggest importer and biggest exporting country Steadily increasing per kaput consumption: 31 kg/kaput long-term growth: # 1 market (EU 28) rising population and stable consumption at 23 kg/kaput increasing import dependence long-term growth, overtaking Japan as # 1 importing country rising population and stable consumption 24 kg/kaput long-term decline in fish consumption and imports of meat>fish. high consumption but falling: 57 kg/kaput
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World fish trade - major exporters
2011 to 2013
China REST OF ASIA SOUTH AMERICA EU AFRICA Source: Globefish Highlights (2014) Note: 2013 estimated, EU includes intra-EU
TRADE: Developed vs developing countries
World Trade Organisation SPS and TBT Agreements
• Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement: Members can take measures to protect public health based on their Appropriate Level of Protection
• Based on principles of:
• Sovereignty: countries have right to establish measures to protect public and animal health. Measures should not be arbitrary, should be based on scientific risk assessment.
• Harmonization : should be harmonised with international standards. Standards recognised are Codex Alimentarius standards for food safety and OIE standards for animal health.
• Equivalency : should recognise measures applied by others as equivalent when same results are achieved
CODEX
ALIMENTARIUS
COMMISSION
Risk assessment questions
FAO/WHO
Microbiological
issues
Chemicals,
Residues of Vet
drugs
Pesticides
JEMRA
JECFA
JMPR
Reports of risk assessments, JECFA, JMPR evaluations
Requirements for accessing international market for fish and fishery products
Regulatory requirements Non-Regulatory requirements
Official channels- Competent Authority
Business to Business communications
Hatchery Farm
Processing Establishment
Exporter
Regulatory requirements
• EU hygiene package,
• MRLs for residues of veterinary drugs – Mostly in national/regional regulations, may not be harmonised. For example, for florfenicol, the MRL in finfish as per EU Regulation No. 37/2010 is 1ppm, but in Japan, the MRL is 0.2 ppm in salmon and trout, 0.03 ppm in marine fish (seabass, seabream, tuna) and 0.1 ppm in crustaceans.
• MRLs for contaminants: pesticide residues, heavy metals (eg cadmium ML for crustaceans 0.5 ppm in EU, 3.0 ppm in US, but not there in 2011 Edition of Hazards Guide)
• Food additives. Internationally agreed Maximum Levels exist in Codex, but there may be some variations at national level.
• HACCP based food safety management in processing establishments.
Regulatory requirements
• Mostly covering
• food safety and quality, trade practices
• Operational aspects- good hygienic practices, traceability, HACCP, labelling
• Product standards eg maximum limits for additives, MRLs for regulated veterinary drugs
GHP HACCP GHP GHP GHP GHP
Catch
documentation TRACEABILITY
Responsibility of all actors in supply chain
GMP, GHP
• Good hygienic practices (GHP): all practices regarding the conditions and measures necessary to ensure the safety and sustainability of food at all stages of the food chain
• Good manufacturing Practice (GMP): Those procedures for a particular manufacturing operation which practitioners of, and experts in, that operation consider to be the best available using current knowledge
Inspections and certifications
• These are only to verify compliance with GHP and HACCP
• Normally performed by Competent Authority designated by the Governments.
• Major importing region like EU depends on CA to provide guarantees of compliance. They look for harmonisation of legislation, enforcement by CA.
• Other importing countries may have business to business relations.
Fish distribution in EU
• About 52% consumers in EU buy fish from supermarkets
• This could be higher in some countries eg 69% in UK
• Consumer purchasing decisions may be based on number of factors. A study in Spain indicated that in supermarkets, consumers’ motivations were based on quality (62%), proximity (58%), price (48%), empathy and services (27%) and habit (16%).
• Hypermarkets attached greater value for services and price (68-70%) followed by quality and proximity (56-57%) and lower values for empathy(15%) and habit (10%).
Role of retailers and supermarkets
• Retailers, supermarket chains, large restaurant chains are playing increasing role in international fish trade.
• They need to compete with each other, differentiate their products and they are coming up with their own requirements.
• These cover issues like sustainability, environment, social issues and animal welfare
• Thus producers and processors have to comply with these NON-REGULATORY requirements.
Consumers of aquaculture products
General food safety scares
Campaigns by NGOs
Environmental NGOs
Political advocacy
Retailers and supermarkets
National Authorities- Regulation and Inspection
SOME EXAMPLES OF PRIVATE STANDARDS AND LABELS
Private certification requirements for processors that may not be seen on product labels
Species being processed
Number of companies with certificates regarding food safety and quality in Thailand
Type of certificate
Shrimp Companies with one certificate: 2 BRC, ISO9001
Companies with two certificates: 3 BRC, ISO9001, ISO22000, WQA Standard, GMP/HACCP
Companies with three certificates: 3 BRC, ISO22000, BAP, IFS, GMP/HACCP
Companies with more than 3 certificates: 3 BRC, ISO9001, ISO22000, BAP, IFS, Global GAP, GMP/HACCP
Tuna Companies with one certificate: 0 --
Companies with two certificates: 4 BRC, ISO9001, ISO22000, IFS, supplier audit
Companies with three certificates or more: 0 --
Fish other than Tuna Companies with one certificate: 4 BRC, ISO9001, ISO22000
Companies with two certificates: 2 ISO22000, GMP/HACCP
Companies with three certificates or more: 0 --
Crab Companies with one certificate: 1 BRC
Companies with two certificates: 1 ISO9001, BRC
Companies with three certificates or more: 0 --
Seafood Companies with one certificate: 6 BRC, ISO9001, ISO22000
Companies with two certificates: 1 BRC, ISO22000
Companies with three certificates: 0 --
Companies with more than 3 certificates: 4 BRC, ISO9001, ISO14001, ISO18001, IFS, MSC, TIS 18001, Ethical Sedex(Tesco)
Product Number of companies with certificates regarding
food safety and quality in Morocco Type of certificate
Frozen fish Companies with one certificate: 8 ISO22000
Companies with two certificates: 10 BRC, ISO9001, ISO22000, FOS
Companies with three certificates or more: 0 --
Canned fish Companies with one certificate: 8 BRC, ISO22000, IFS, ISO14001
Companies with two certificates: 9 BRC, ISO22000, IFS,ISO9001
Companies with three certificates: 15 IFS, BRC, FOS
Companies with more than 3 certificates: 10 IFS, BRC, FOS, ISO9001, ISO14001
Fish meal and Fish oil Companies with one certificate: 2 FOS
Companies with two certificates: 7 ISO22000, ISO9001
Companies with three certificates:1 ISO22000, ISO9001, FOS
Companies with more than 3 certificates: 0 --
Surimi Companies with one certificate: 0 --
Companies with two certificates: 2 ISO9001, ISO22000
Companies with three certificates or more: 0 --
Ecuadorian exporting companies
Company Certificates Products
Seafman ISO 22000, BRC, IFS, DOLPHIN SAFE,
KOSHER tuna
Conservas Isabel Ecuatoriana S.A. BRC, IFS, DOLPHIN SAFE tuna
Sociedad Nacional de Galapagos C.A. Global G.A.P., IFS, ISO22000, BASC shrimp
Operadora Y Procesadora De Productos Marinos ''Omarsa'' S.A.
Global G.A.P., BRC, BAP, HACCP, BASC shrimp
Eurofish S.A. ISO 9001, BRC, IFS, KOSHER, BASC,
DOLPHIN SAFE, BMP tuna
Tecnica Y Comercio De La Pesca C.A. BRC, IFS, ISO 14001, ISO 9001 tuna and mackerel
Procesadora del Rio S.A. ISO 22000, BRC shrimp
Marbelize S.A. BRC, IFS, ISO 9001, Certified Kosher, BASC
ISO 14001 tuna
Salica Del Ecuador S.A. ISO 9001, IFS, BRC, MSC, ISO 14001 tuna
Costs related to multiple certifications
• Quality control managers are to be trained for each standard to be certified, re-training required with each version of the standard
• Processing establishment documentation requirements -could be different for different standards- multiple sets of documentation to be implemented- requiring additional man hours for processing staff
• Cost for auditing, may require consultant support to prepare for/during audit by auditors for different certificates
GLOBAL FOOD SAFETY INITIATIVE
FAO working with bench marking agencies like GFSI and GSSI
Summary
• Global fish trade is an important economic activity for both developing and developed countries.
• Issues related to quality and safety are of primary importance and there are international agreements like SPS and TBT related to these.
• International standards for food safety are developed by Codex Alimentarius Commission.
• National regulations mostly cover aspects related to quality and safety.
• Non-regulatory requirements are affecting market access and there is a need to harmonise these.