SEAC 4 RS: Mission Wrap-up Synopsis, Representativeness, and Context of the Measured Aerosol...
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Transcript of SEAC 4 RS: Mission Wrap-up Synopsis, Representativeness, and Context of the Measured Aerosol...
SEAC4RS: Mission Wrap-upSynopsis, Representativeness, and Context of the Measured Aerosol Environment During SEAC4RS
J.S. Reid (NRL 7544), R. Ferrare (NASA LaRC), J. Redemann (NASA Ames), O. B. Toon (CU)+ the team
NCAR
Aqua MODIS, Aug 23, 2013
Talk objectives
• Briefly review mission questions
• Also briefly review mission environment
• Mostly I want to provide some context to what it was we saw regional pollution wise during the mission using Aug 30th as an example.
My opinion: SEAC4RS aerosol findings are qualitatively in line with what is known on the regional tropospheric aerosol front. But SEAC4RS is an unprecedented datasets to work on the details of remote sensing
monitoring and data assimilation of the regional climate and air quality components. The talks and posters today are clearly heading this way.
Big Topics for linking remote sensing, aerosol particles and radiation
1. Can we generate a benchmark radiation polarimeter and lidar development data set (Dust, smoke(s), hazes, AOT>0.4; +varying land surface).
2. What physically is it the lidars are actually seeing in the planetary and convective boundary layer?
3. How representative are AERONET retrievals at high and low AOTs?
4. How well do remote sensing systems detect/represent smoke and absorption over clouds? (see Starr’s talk)
5. How do we connect “radiance-world” (cloud-aerosol-gas remote sensing) with “irradiance-world” (forcing/absorption), and remote sensing products to in-situ observations.
6. In heterogeneous aerosol and cloud scenes, how well do we actually represent the 3 d radiation fields by satellite and models (total irradiance, direct/diffuse)? Can we resolve cloud bias in remote sensing data vs 3 d radiative effect, “twilight zone” phenomenon and cloud halos?
7. Compared to the extensive surface network, how much value is there in remote sensing data in representing surface air quality?
8. How are optical properties of smoke particles changing in the far field due to the competing effects of coagulation, SOA product and evaporation/breakdown?
9. Are polarimeters capable of detecting BrC formation, and when coupled to models, monitor SOA formation?
10. Can we find a typing point in warm rain formation/suppression in the gulf?
11. To what extent do convective boundary layer processing and the radiation fields above clouds decouple aerosol chemical, thermodynamic and optical properties across the inversion?
12. How do processed aerosol particles in mid and upper level detrainment layers differ from their boundary layer counterparts?
13. What is BrC and how does it relate to particle absorption properties?
Engineering
AppliedScience
BasicResearch
Overall SEAC4RS Aerosol Environment.
August MODIS Combined AOT
September MODIS Combined AOT
Aug 19
Sept 11
0 0.50.25
0.200.20
0.1
0.17
0.16
0.110.18
0.14 0.15
0.26
0.09
August AERONET 500 nm Fine AOT
0.23
0.09
0.14
0.20
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.180.14
0.170.12
0.16
0.18
0.20
2013 had low average AOTs, but lots of variability!Combination of NW smoke and pollution, plus gulf coast dust
(Aug 8) and smoke over west coast stratus (Aug 6)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Jun/20 Jul/4 Jul/18 Aug/1 Aug/15 Aug/29 Sep/12 Sep/26
Centreville, AlabamaMingo/Ozarks, Missouri
AE
RO
NE
T F
ine
AO
T (
500
nm
)
0.02!
Peak pollution events
NW Biomass Burning
Aerosol RelevantFlight Components
Aug 6: Oregon fire & smoke over stratusAug 8: Houston transit-African dustAug 12: Training day ER2/DC8/Lear-Good
aerosol-cloud and convection flight.Aug 14: SEUS Tour #1-ER2/DC-8 stacked at
Mingo. Just missed smoke.Aug 16: NAM cross country-Smoke profile
in Colorado, 4 corners and N Texas pol.Aug 19: Midwest Montana smoke flight.
Strong smoke gradientsAug 21:SEUS Tour #2 1-ER2/DC-8/Lear
stacked convection. Aug 23: Day in the life of an Arkansas
pressure cooker. Aerosol and ER2/DC-8/Lear convection dev.
Aug 26: Suitcase P1 to the Rim & Idaho fires
Aug 27: Suitcase P2 follow Rim smokeAug 27b: ER2 over AERONET
Aug 30: SEUS Tour #3, 2 stacked ER2/DC8 Sep 2: ER2/DC-8/Lear Land convection daySep 4: ER2/DC-8 Marine convection daySep 6: SEUS Tour #4+NAMSept 9: N. Louisiana TerpinesSep 11: SEUS Tour #5+ 2 AK convective cellsSep 13: Gulf coast tropical convectionSep 16: Sample across a front.Sep 18: ER2/DC-8/Lear Petrochemical day
w/ two cells + Houston plume.Sep 21: DC8 SEUS Front samplingSep 23: Transit home via Ozarks.
Biomass BurningClouds/ConvectionDustRegional PollutionRadiation
Sulfate and Organicspattern recognition
GEOS Chem Aug -SeptCourtesy Patrick Kim and Daniel Jacobs (Harvard)
IMPROVE +CRN Summer 2013Courtesy Jenny Hand, CIRA
The backdrop: The PM decline at Centreville
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
31 d
ay B
oxcar
PM
2.5
Centreville 31 day boxcar PM2.5
PM2.5 (mg m-3) Jun July Aug Sept
2003-2007 14.0+/-2.4 13.8+/-7.7 16.2+/-7.1 16.1+/-8.5
2008-2012 12.0+/-5.6 10.7+/-5.1 10.5+/5.1 9.7+/-4
2013 8.6 6.6 8.2 9.6
Data from E. Edgerton (Search)
Daily Average Statistics
“The something that happened”
Certainly there is a change in chemistry. SO2 down by 50% in les 2 years
An example from Centreville PM
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 10 20 30 40 50
Centreville August-September
2005-20072011-2013
BC
(g
m-3
)PM
2.5 (g m-3)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50
Centreville August-September
2005-2007
2011-2013
SO
4= (g
m-3
)
PM2.5
(g m-3)
~46%
~27%0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50
Centreville August-September
2005-20072011-2013
OC
(g
m-3
)
PM2.5
(g m-3)
24%
9%
Sulfate:Clear reduction in mass fraction and population
Organic Carbon:Clear change
in mass fraction (other way)
but not population
Black Carbon:Change in extremes, but mean amount is
the same
Also as was discussed last time the 2013 was “anomalously” wet in the SEUS. There is a clear climate shift over embedded in the
chemistry signal
500 mb height anomaly (m) Rainrate anomaly (m)
2013 Jun-Sept NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Co
un
t
500 nm Fine Mode AOT-well QAed
26 ER2 flights near AERONET casesSampled Fine AOTs-Tentative. RSP and eMAS hit all of these
Leland 8/30U. Buffalo 9/11
Centreville 8/30 (2)Mammoth 8/30
Mingo 9/6Leland 9/11
Yorkville 8/30Leland 9/9
Yorkville 8/12Huntsville 8/12, 8/21
Centreville 9/2Baskin 9/11
+~21 ER2 over DC8cases w/ 4STAR
DC8-ER2 Crossing(Compiled from GISS database)
Date Level of Coordination Type 500nm AOT
8/2 >1 hr Aerosol Southern CA N/A8/6 Stacked <15 min over Cloud & Regional Smoke & Over cloud ~0.75?8/8 <1 hr Rural, Dust 0.1-0.358/12 Stackedx2< 15 mi Marine, SEUS 0.08-0.28/14 Stacked <30 min CEUS 0.1-0.258/16 Stacked <30 min Smoke 0.1-~0.48/19 Stackedx2 <15 min Smoke 0.3-0.78/21 Stacked <15 min Aerosol SEUS, Cloud 0.05-0.268/23 Stacked <15 min Aerosol over Cloud Mixed Aerosol /Cloud ~0.258/30 Stacked x 2<30 min Aerosol &Regional SEUS, CEUS 0.13-0.509/2 Stacked Cloud 0.29/4 Stacked Cloud N/A9/9 Stacked SEUS ~0.1-0.39/11 Stacked, regional Cloud, Ozark ~0.59/13 Stacked Cloud Cloud N/A9/18 Stacked Aerosol and Cloud Mixed Aerosol/cloud 0.05-0.2
AirMSPI Targeted Mode(Courtesy Felix Seidel, JPL)
Good distribution of smoke, marine, and organic dominated pollution but a little lean in high sulfate areas
AirMSPI over AERONETDate Time Site Region/Type AERONET
AOTNotes
8/2 18:4019:30
USC_SEAPRISMFRESNO_2
LA/UrbanCentral Valley
0.150.04
DC8 in reg.
8/12 16:25 SEARCH Centreville 0.12 DC8 in area
8/19 16:24 Cart_Site GP/Smoke ~0.4 No l2; DC in area
9/6 22:1722:41
MingoUpper Buffalo
OzarksAK
0.30.15
DC in area
9/9 20:04; 20:23; 20:4721:45;22:06;22:27;22:49;23:09
CALIPSO CarthageBaskin
LouisianaMississippi
0.150.30
DC-8 Coordination
9/11 19:5620:17
BaskinLeland
Mississippi Valley
0.30.3
9/22 19:24 DRAGON Clinton 0.1
9/23 20:56 Bozeman 0.05
DC8 Flight Representativeness for biggest sampled pollution events
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Centreville Aug-Sept 2013
Day
s
Fine Mode AOT (500 nm)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Huntsville Aug-Sept 2013
Day
s
Fine Mode AOT (500 nm)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Mingo Aug-Sept 2013
Day
s
Fine Mode AOT (500 nm)
A30 S11S6 S6S6
• AERONET August-Sept 2013 distribution with green flight ticks.
• Noted are flts with pollution AOT>0.3 along track. August 30, Sept 6 & 11.
• Boobie prize over Louisiana for Sept 9th, AOT=0.28
• ER2 support for radiation on August 30 for AOT>0.3. But, good things from Aug 23.
• For Centerville, daily PM2.5 was 16, 15, and 11 mg m-3 for Aug 30, Sept 6 and Sept 11 respectively. Site max was 30 mg m-3 w/ AOT 0.3 on Sept 8.
A30S11
Looking at August 30th
Birmingham (4star-)
Mingo (0.13)
Mammoth Cave (0.24)
Centreville x2(0.4-0.5)
Leland (0.5)
August 30, 2013 w/AOTs
Huntsville (0.47)
Yorkville (0. 5)
August 30th Going from Means to Events
August 30th, 2013 24 hr Surface Conc
Sulfate
Organics
Courtesy Patrick Kim and Daniel JacobsIMPROVE+CSN: Courtesy of Jenny Hand
Aug 30 StatsQualitatively what I expect, what about quantitative?
Region PM1CU
SO4=:Org
CUAOT
500nmkappaGF
DASH-SPF(80)
LARGEF(90)NOAA
S LA 27/16 0.6/0.65 ~0.3 0.39 / 0.47 1.5/1.45 2.3/2.36
S Miss 24/19 0.3/0.3 ~0.35 0.26 / 0.32 1.3/1.35 2.0/1.85
S Birm/Cent 22/16 0.5/0.3 ~0.5 0.30 / 0.36 1.45/1.3 2.4/2.0
Mammoth Cave 18 1.2 ~0.24 0.53 1.7 2.5
Ohio RV 12 0.8 0.2-0.3 0.40 1.55 2.65
Ozarks 9 0.6 0.13 0.34 1.4 2.4
NE Miss 18 0.6 0.2 0.41 1.45 2.2
Aug 30th Centreville eMAS(Courtesy of Rob Levy, GSFC)
RGB
Centreville
Mammoth Caves
AirMSPISweep over Centreville
RGB
DOLP
Moving on to the verticalWe need to make sense of multiple points of view.
Joint NRL, Wisc, LaRC
SEUS Average Airborne HSRL ProfileSouth to North ~ 400 km
9
0
SSEC HSRL deployment to Huntsville~2 hrs
3
6
Alt(km)
28-84
43-88
35-86
LatLon
Alt (
km)
CALISPO across SEUS, Aug 30.
ICAP ForecastAll Valid 30 Aug 18 Z
Aug 27 0Z run
Aug 28 0Z run
Aug 29 0Z run
Aug 30 0Z run
Fine Aerosol Optical Thickness (550 nm
)
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Aug 30. Model comparison
ICAP Member Models Aug 30 0Z run Valid 18Z
SulfateOrganics
0 0.50.40.30.20.1550 nm AOT
MODIS Combined AOT GEOS Chem 24 hr Surface Concentrations (mm m-3)
Aug 30: Flavors of NAAPSBoth chemistry and meteorology at work in a good prediction
MODIS Combined AOT NAAPS Deterministic 0Z run, Valid 18z
NAAPS AOT Reanalysis
E-NAAPS 20 member 0Z run, Valid 18z
E-NAAPS 20 member 18Z run, Analysis
0 0.5
E-NAAPS 80 member 18Z run, Analysis
So coming up:Some Relevant Talks
• Measurement context, consistency, qualityMurphy, Chen (poster), & Ziemba (poster)
• Aerosol mixing state, thermodynamics and regional measurementsFroyd , Shingler , Meland (poster), & Schwartz (poster)
• Radiation physics and closureBrock, Song, Schmidt (poster)
• eMAS and VIIRS productsHolz , Levy, Arnold (poster), Remer (poster):
• Polarimeters and polar radiationCairns, Kalashnikova, Martins, Espinosa (poster), Sweidel(poster)
• Evaluating & Combining lidar data with models Ferrare, Campbell (poster), Kuehen (poster) and da Silava (poster)
• Aerosol trends and contextKim, Tosca