SEAC 4 RS Ground and Ship Measurements February 2012
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Transcript of SEAC 4 RS Ground and Ship Measurements February 2012
http://espo.nasa.gov/missions/seac4rs/
SEAC4RSGround and Ship MeasurementsFebruary 2012
NCAR
Surface NetworkBottom Line Up Front
• Because of metrological complexity & political sensitivities in SE Asia, data from a ground network is required to meet SEAC4RS science and verification goals.
• Backbone is the AERONET, AERONET-MAN, MPLNET, SHADOZ and NRL supersites and R/V.
• All SEAC4RS ground components have field history with 7SEAS and SHADOZ in the region with established partners.
• There are few total “unknowns” but we expect the deployment to be fairly “fluid” in nature.
• Over flight would be appreciated, but not expected. But, science success will require combining surface and airborne data (discussions tomorrow).
• There is still room to accommodate needs of the science team, including the deployment of additional instrumentation or personnel-particularly at supersites and at sea.
Ground Network Components Start with these POCs
• AERONET/MAN: Brent Holben ([email protected])– 20 Long term+7 Temporary– 5 ferry lines to be manned with microtops for MAN
• MPLNET: Judd Welton ([email protected])– 4 Long term MPLs +5 Temporary Leosphere ALS sites.
• SHADOZ Ozonesondes(daily): Anne Thompson ([email protected])– 3 Long term+ 4/6 temporary*
• Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer Sondes: Rennie Selkirk ([email protected])
– Utapao (20 releases w/SHADOZ)
• Nepal sites: Arnico Panday, Arnico ([email protected])– BC, CO, ozone, sometimes AERONET and SHADOZ
• VASCO Jeffrey Reid and Haf Jonsson ([email protected]).• Singapore Super Site: Jeffrey Reid ([email protected])
& James Campbell ([email protected])
• Source sampling: Yokelson ([email protected])
Other likely data collections:
– NOAA performing coincident Ozone sondes in China
– Serm Janjai (Silpakorn): SE Asian Radiation Network
– Puji Lesteri (IIT-Bandung) & Mastura Mahamud (UKM)-Filter Chemistry
– Lidars: BMKG at Java, NEIS at Phamei, and Nichol’s at Hong Kong
– Anh Nyugen has alighting network in Vietnam
– GAW sites on Malay Peninsula, Sabah, and Sumatra
– Extensive Malaysian raobs.
– Yokelson is making contact with other regional chemists.
Hanoi
Hong Kong
EPA-NCU
Bac Lieu
Penang
SingaporeSupersite
Kuching
Jambi
Jakarta
AERONET
Pre-ex MPLNET Lidar
AERONET IntensiveRadiation Enhanced Site
Other meas. (GAW, SKYNET)
SHADOZ: Daily ozonesonde for45 daysMANVASCO Raobs
Intensive ALS Lidar 2 moNon-NASA Lidars
Kampur
Nepal Llhasa
SEAC4RSGround Network AERONET+
MPLNet HQ
VASCO
Gas platformOver-flight opportunity
Spratly Islandover flight
opportunityCFH
Sondes
Panday sites
COAMPS/FLAMBE surface smoke concentration-August 2007
AERONET
MPLnet Intensive lidar
Perm. Lidar
SEAC4RSSE Asia Ground Network
+
AERONET Intensive.Radiation Enhanced
Other aerosol measurementsSHADOZ
MANVASCORaobs
Non-NASA Lidars
CFHSondes
Strait of Malacca/Malay Pen.Good target for joint
ground/airborne work
VASCO Cruise with Manila Observatory
Sept. 1-28, 2008 to catch Borneo outflowOn board lead: Haf Jonsson CIRPAS
Meteorology: Raobs, mean met, fluxesChemistry: Filters, DRUM Samper, CO2, Blake
cansCloud: Radar (95 Ghz, Doppler, zenith),
CeilometerLidar: Leosphere ALSParticles: PCASP, SMPS, CN, CCN, APS, FSSPOptics: 3-l Neph & PSAP.Ocean: Water samples, CDOM, phys-oOther: cameras, dust traks etc….Room for more gear…..
Smoke
University of Virginia Team’s SEAC4RS Plans(Panday, de Wekker, Dhungel)in collaboration with Nepal Wireless & ICIMOD
Jomsom(2900m)
Aeronet, BC, CO, ozone, meteorology
South Pokhara(800m)
Aeronet, lidar, ozonesondes,
ozone, met
Pokhara Peak(Dhampus, 1800m)BC, CO, ozone, met
TIBET
NEPAL
GANGES PLAINS
ANNAPURNA
Also from PokharaBUT NOT funded by NASA: vertical profiles of BC, CO, O3, met, etc w/ light aircraft
Singapore Supersite
• Lidar: MPL Lidar, maybe Wisc HSRL• Radiation: AERONET, Solar, IR, direct/diffuse solar• Aerosol: SMPS, 3l neph & PSAP, TEOM• Filters: Elemental (DRUM), ICPMS, Organics,
OC/BC gravimetry• Gas: O3, SO2, CO, NOx
• Other: All sky camera, time-lapse video, local weather
Roof and lab site on National University of Singapore campus. Easy to add equipment.
Other site enhancements and measurements in the region
Solar flux radiometers will be added to several AERONET sites from GSFC and NRL.2 others will have “direct diffuse” solar radiometers.
Enhancements
4 sites in Thailand have extensive radiation measurements as part of the Silpakorn University network.There are three global GAW sites in our domain, plus 9 “regional.” They have widely varying data collection protocols and efficiencies. Japanese SKYNET and a NEIS lidar in Phimai are also in the region, as is a lidar in Hong Kong.We may be able to get other filter measurements in the region.
Other measurements (Need to negotiate data access)
Source Sampling (Montana group): Mobile FTIR which may be deployed for source sampling in Thailand.
Gases: HCN, CO, CH4, CO2, NH3, NOx, HCl, NMHC, OVOCPM2.5: EC/OC, metals (filters can be added)
Yokelson Group Battery Powered Mobile FTIR
Gases: HCN, CO, CH4, CO2, NH3, NOx, HCl, NMHC, OVOCPM2.5: EC/OC, metals (filters can be added)
Data Access
• AERONET & MPLNET data will be distributed through their websites. Expect 3-9 hours for posting.
• For sondes, should have data emailed shortly after data collection.
• For some sites and the ship, we may set up “spotters” to report in on sky conditions.
• If using data from local scientists, please be generous with your time, and co-authorships
Summary• We have the most extensive ground network (largely in place)
in the history of SE Asia. Surface obs are critical to SEAC4RS science goals.
• Flight and weather restrictions imply the ground network will have few over-flights. But, we should plan for them and account for their location. Gas platform and Spratly Islands have AERONET, and Strait of Malacca is a focus area.
• Surface and aircraft data will nevertheless need to get linked.• SHADOZ will add three sites to five total. Two unrelated
Chinese sites will be releasing at the same time.• Singapore is a comprehensive & easy to work with supersite
and a September cruise is planned in the Philippines. Both can take on more instruments.
• Other measurements may be made by Yokelson’s and Panday group.
• There are lots of other measurements being made in the region, but access is not always straightforward.
Ground Network Information Slides
Airspace• Previous studies often
focused on VPs over ground sites.
• But both the political situation and clouds dictate that such profiles will be rare.
• Even the range circles are a “best estimate.
• Ground network is being developed to provide scale and “perspective” on intensive airborne measurements.
• But, we may get lucky….
Maritime Aerosol Network as a Component of AERONET
• MAN represents an important strategic sampling initiative and ship-borne data acquisition complements island-based
AERONET measurements
Smirnov, A., B.N.Holben, D.M.Giles, et al., Maritime Aerosol Network as a component of AERONET – first results and comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals, Atm.Meas.Tech., 4, 583–597, doi:10.5194/amt-4-583-2011, 2011.
In the last several years data acquisition was extended to
the areas that previously had very little or no coverage at all
MAN coverage-Oct 06 to Jan 2012
Name Location, Partner Network Status LidarEPA-NCU Taiwan, NCU Permanent MPL
Hanoi Vietnam, VAST Permanent MPL
Kanpur India, ITT Permanent MPL
Singapore Singapore, NUS Permanent MPL
Bac Lieu Vietnam, VAST Temporary ALS
Penang Malaysia, USM Temporary ALS
Kuching Malaysia, NUS/??? Temporary ✗ ALS
Jambi Indonesia, BMKG Temporary ✗ ALS
Jakarta Indonesia, BMKG Temporary ✗ ALS
Nepal Nepal, U Virginia Temporary ALS
RV Ship, NRL/??? Temporary ALS
Hong Kong Hong Kong, PolyU Pending * ALS
✗ International agreement not final
* Hong Kong group operates their own ALS lidar. They are not part of MPLNET due to current ban on bi-lateral NASA-China interactions.
MPLNET has exclusively used MPL instruments in past. Newer lidars from Leosphere (ALS model) are now accepted in MPLNET.• MPL: 527 or 532 nm, elastic backscatter lidar. Fully autonomous, 24/7 data. • ALS: 355 nm elastic backscatter lidar with depolarization capability. Autonomous, and 24/7 data where possible.• Standard network Level 1 data: 0000-2400 UTC, 0-30 km, 1 minute temporal and 75 m vertical resolutions.• MPL does good job of detecting thin cirrus in this region, we are still evaluating ALS performance but looks promising• NRT Data: available on website, 1 hour for some sites (still evaluating), next day for others
MPLNET Overviewhttp://mplnet.gsfc.nasa.gov
All sites co-locatedwith AERONET
AERONET/MPLNETScience Objectives
• Assess enhancement of AOD near to convective clouds (associated with possible SO2 sources)
• Assess TTL Cirrus• Validation of SDA retrievals from AERONET thru Ci• Assess vertical aerosol speciation and aerosol properties
from AERONET and MPLNET• Assess regional transport from aerosol source regions• Mega City aerosol characterization, city vs background and
regional transport• Provide regional aerosol context to the SEAC4RS
measurements
SHADOZ:Where & Who?
1
3
Name Contacts Link Status1 Pokhara,
NepalUVA PSU,
NOAADetails TBD ¥
2 Hanoi VN VN Hydromet
JAMSTEC,NOAA
SHADOZ augment
3 Utapao, Thailand
PSU, GSFC
@ NASAAircraft site
CFH; DetailsTBD
4 Southern VN
PSU, GSFC
Aeronet, NOAA
Details TBD
5 Kuala Lumpur
Mal Met Dept
U Tokyo, NIAES
SHADOZ augment
6 Watukosek LAPAN Hokkaido U SHADOZ augment
Enter Euphemism
Here
2
4
5
6Currently in Network
45 sondes per station,~Daily release
CFH water vapor sounding for SEAC4RSRennie Selkirk and Richard Damoah, GESTAR/GSFC - Anne M. Thompson, PSU
Program: Every other day the SHADOZ payload at Utapao will include the Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH) for a total of 20 launches
Science issues addressed: Deep convection, STE and the tape recorder “write-head”; influx of mid-lat air; effects of biomass burning and urban pollutants on TTL super-saturation frequency
Results: CFH relative humidity measurements in the TTL clearly demark the tape recorder write head locally and combined with ozone can diagnose the depth of strat-trop exchange.
SEACIONS (Sondes) Science
• Questions: (1) How do ozone profiles vary day-by-day at prototype locations (Pokhara [Nepal], KL, Hanoi, Utapao, Bac Lieu, etc)?
• (2) What is ozone, temperature and water vapor (CFH) structure in the TTL?• (3) At SHADOZ sites, KL (1998-) and Hanoi (2006-), how does ozone in Aug-
Sept 2012 compare to climatology?
• Significance:Much of tropospheric ozone is of pollution or stratospheric origin, especially near
Asian monsoon anticyclone; LRT (long-range transport) also a sourceTemperature and ozone in TTL indicated several types of wave activity in TC4 (Selkirk
et al., 2010; Thompson et al., 2010). Convection may be more intense and widespread in SEAC4RS
• Most Relevant Aircraft Sampling. (1) North Bay of Bengal/Nepal (spiral near sonde?); (2) Cumulus outflow when near sounding (tracer redistribution, wave initiation); (3) TTL; (4) Tropospheric Chemistry
TC4 Ozone, 7/07, Coastal SW Panama (Left). DISCOVER-AQ Ozone, 7/11, Edgewood, MD (Right)
Cf Hanoi Annual Ozone Climatology
Hanoi Ozone
VASCO w/ Manila Observatory
Brick Kilns
Trash Burning
Crop Residue Fires
Cooking Fires
Major Sources That Are Virtually Unstudied in Asia
Room for more.
• Generally we can get into key sites.• If other team members want to provide more
instruments, we can help get them in and maintained.
• There is also an opportunity for students for site staffing.
• We are light on gas measurements. More Blake cans?