SE4ALL 10 The energy efficiency transition
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© OECD/IEA 2015 The energy efficiency transition Luis Munuera, PhD International Energy Agency
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Transcript of SE4ALL 10 The energy efficiency transition
© OECD/IEA 2015
The energy efficiency transition
Luis Munuera, PhD
International Energy Agency
© OECD/IEA 2015
Issue: Energy efficiency is critical for the transition to a sustainable energy system
IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol:
Mobilising
But with great importance comes great responsibility… the potential needs to be realized
Energy efficiency is an urgent priority. To transition to the sustainable energy system of the future, we need to decouple economic growth from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Energy efficiency is the most important “arrow in the quiver” to achieve this. For its part, the IEA is pursuing a number of strategies to improve energy efficiency both among its member governments and with partner countries.
© OECD/IEA 2015
So how are we doing?
Submitted INDCs as of early Oct cover over 85% of energy-related GHG emissions and 140 countries , with implications for future energy & emissions trends
Submitted INDCs (1 October)
GHGs flattened in 2014 even with 3% global economic growth – first time in 40 years
© OECD/IEA 2015
The global challenge: Climbing down the mountain
Sources: CDIAC and IEA 0
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1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Mt C
O2e
2DS
“Getting to the
top is optional.
Getting down is
mandatory.” Ed Viesturs
© OECD/IEA 2015
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Ind
ex 2
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GDP
and energy
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Decoupling GDP
CO2
Decarbonisation
TPED per GDP Carbon intensity
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Rate of decoupling energy use from GDP needs to be more than doubled over the next four decades
The sustainable energy transition, is if nothing else, an energy efficiency transition
© OECD/IEA 2015
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2011 2020 2030 2040 2050
Nuclear 8%
Renewables
30%
End-use fuel switching 10%
CCS 13%
End-use fuel and electricity
efficiency 38%
Gt CO2
fuel switching 1%
Power generation efficiency and
What does the transition look like?
Portfolio of actions to reduce energy sector emissions
Energy Technology Perspectives 2015
© OECD/IEA 2015
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2011 2020 2030 2040 2050
End-use fuel and electricity
efficiency 38%
Gt CO2
fuel switching 1%
Power generation efficiency and
40% of emissions savings to 2050 come from energy efficiency in IEA scenarios
Portfolio of actions to reduce energy sector emissions
What does the transition look like?
© OECD/IEA 2015
Energy efficiency savings greater than primary renewable electricity
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Hydrogen
Oil
Commercial heat
Electricity
Natural gas
Biomass and waste
Energy efficiency provides savings by 2050 in the 2DS, being comparable to the final energy use of China and the EU combined
in 2012.
© OECD/IEA 2015
Energy-related GHG emissions reduction (CO2e) in Bridge scenario relative to INDC Scenario
Where do these efficiency gains come from?
World Energy Outlook Climate Special Report 2015
© OECD/IEA 2015
Energy Efficiency Market Report
Change conversation from ‘soft-pathways’ to real infrastructure and energy policy
Emphasize investment, markets, and importance of efficiency in the system
Backward looking –real evidence and impacts
© OECD/IEA 2015 *IEA-11: Australia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States
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Mtoe
Savings
Oil
Gas
Coal
Electricity
Other
How to unlock energy efficiency potential? Treat efficiency as energy supply
Total Final
Consumption
Hypothetical energy
use had there been
no energy efficiency
improvements
Including Energy Efficiency savings in the energy picture shows that Energy Efficiency is the ‘First Fuel’
© OECD/IEA 2015
These savings required investment
* IEA (2014), Energy Efficiency Market Report, Paris: OECD/IEA. ** IEA (2015), Renewable Energy Market Report, Paris: OECD/IEA.
*** Frankfurt School-UNEP Center (2015), Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment, Frankfurt: Frankfurt School of Management, UNEP and Bloomberg New Energy Finance. **** IEA (2014),
World Energy Investment Outlook, Paris: OECD/IEA.
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Energy efficiency* Renewable power** Fossil fired power*** Upstream oil, gasand coal****
USD
Billion
Investments in various fuels
© OECD/IEA 2015
These savings required investment
* IEA (2014), Energy Efficiency Market Report, Paris: OECD/IEA. ** IEA (2015), Renewable Energy Market Report, Paris: OECD/IEA.
*** Frankfurt School-UNEP Center (2015), Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment, Frankfurt: Frankfurt School of Management, UNEP and Bloomberg New Energy Finance. **** IEA (2014),
World Energy Investment Outlook, Paris: OECD/IEA.
310 270 290 950 0
50
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Energy efficiency* Renewable power** Fossil fired power*** Upstream oil, gasand coal****
USD
Billion
Investments in various fuels
© OECD/IEA 2015
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
130%
140%
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Decomposition of Total Final Consumption (TFC) in IEA countries, 1990-2014
Energy efficiency pulling down TFC
Economic growth is pulling demand up
Total energy consumption is
declining
Structural change is having some impact
Energy efficiency is responsible for two thirds of downward pressure on consumption
© OECD/IEA 2015
IEA consumers are saving hundreds of billions of dollars each year
IEA countries saved USD 550 billion in 2014 as a result of energy efficiency investments since 1990
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1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
USD
billion
(20
14)
Cumulative
savings
= USD 5.7
trillion
Avoided expenditure in IEA countries from energy efficiency investments made since 1990
Annual savings are greater than the EU’s fuel import bill
© OECD/IEA 2015
Efficiency’s domestic production substitutes for fuel imports
In 2014, IEA countries avoided primary energy imports totalling 190 Mtoe, saving USD 80 billion in energy import bills and improving trade balances
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Germany Japan UK France US
USD
billion
(20
14)
Mtoe
Natural Gas
Oil
Coal
Import bill
(right-axis)
Avoided imports in 2014, as a result of energy efficiency investments in IEA countries since 1990
Domestically produced, efficiency supports energy security
© OECD/IEA 2015
A clean energy source, efficiency reduces emissions
Energy efficiency investments since 1990 have helped to reduce IEA country emissions to below 1996 levels
Without energy efficiency investments, estimated IEA member country emissions would have been 870 Mt CO2 higher in 2014
Energy efficiency has helped to make the 2 degrees target more achievable by lowering emissions to date
10,0
10,5
11,0
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13,5
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
GtCO
2 Emissions
savings
Emissions
Cumulative savings = 10.2 GtCO2
IEA emissions from fossil fuel combustion and emissions savings from energy efficiency investments since 1990
© OECD/IEA 2015
Efficiency works to increase share of renewable energy
Actual share of renewable electricity generation in select countries in 2012, with adjusted share in the absence of energy efficiency improvements since 2001
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10%
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Australia France Germany Netherlands Sweden UK
GWh
Share of renewable electricity production Share of renewables with no energy efficiency Additional generation needed to maintain share (right-axis)
Additional 5 GW in Sweden and 6 GW in Germany of variable renewable electricity to maintain share without efficiency improvements
