SE Systems Engineering - Systems Mgmt Overview€¦ · SE Systems Engineering - Systems Mgmt...

SE Tutorial SE/SM Overview - 1version NDIA CMMI Conf v1.4© 2004 Kasse Initiatives, LLC

Systems EngineeringSystems Engineeringand Systemsand SystemsManagementManagement

OverviewOverview


Systems EngineeringSystems EngineeringRolesRoles

�Common and Not-So-Common names forsystems engineering�Systems Engineers�Systems Architects�Systems Integrators�Systems Management Engineers�Systems Quality Assurance Engineers�Systems Theorists�Systems Reengineers�Operations Research�Management Science

Closely Related Professions


Engineering ofEngineering ofSystemsSystems

�Systems Engineering is concerned with theengineering of systems

�Systems Management is concerned withstrategic level Systems Engineering

�Systems Engineering efforts involve:�Systems engineering methods and tools or

technologies�Systems process�Systems management


Three Levels ofThree Levels ofSystems EngineeringSystems Engineering

Syst

ems

Engi

neer

ing

Team Systems Management

Systems EngineeringProcesses, orMethodologies

Systems EngineeringMethods and Tools or

Technologies

Syst

em P

rodu

ct o

r Ser

vice

U

nder

Dev

elop

men

t


ManagementManagementTechnologyTechnology

�Systems Engineering is a ManagementTechnology

�Technology is the organization, application,and delivery of a scientific and other forms ofknowledge for the betterment of a client group

�Technology can be viewed as a fundamentallyhuman activity


ManagementManagementTechnologyTechnology -- 22

�Management involves the interaction of theorganization with the environment

�The purpose of management is to enableorganizations to better cope with theirenvironments in order to achieve purposefulgoals and objectives

�Management Technology involves theinteraction of:�Technology�Organizations that are collections of people

concerned with the evolvement and use oftechnologies

�Environment



Environment

Management

Organization

Science

Technology

Organization

Science

InformationOrganization

EnvironmentManagementTechnology



�Systems Engineering is the managementtechnology that controls a total system life-cycle process, which evolves and which resultsin the definition, development, anddeployment of a system that is of high quality,and is cost-effective in meeting the user’sneeds


Systems EngineeringSystems EngineeringKnowledge TypesKnowledge Types

�Knowledge Principles�Generally represent formal problem-solving

approaches to knowledge�Generally employed in new situations and/or

unstructured environments�Knowledge Practices

�Represent the accumulated wisdom andexperiences that have led to the development ofstandard operating policies for well-structuredproblems

�Knowledge Perspectives�Represent the view that is held relative to future

directions and realities in the technological areaunder consideration


Systems EngineeringSystems EngineeringKnowledge TypesKnowledge Types -- 22

Knowledge Perspectives

Knowledge Principles

Knowledge Practices

Learning Over Time

System Planningand Marketing

ResearchDevelopment, Test,

And Evaluation

Product AcquisitionProduction, orProcurement


KnowledgeKnowledge

Information is defined as data that are of value fordecision making

Information is associated withContext and Environment

Knowledge

Managing the environment and the three types of knowledgeis referred to as Knowledge Management


Formulation, Analysis,Formulation, Analysis,and Interpretationand Interpretation

�Systems Engineering is managementtechnology to assist and support policymaking,planning, decision making, and associatedresource allocation or action deployment

�Systems Engineers utilize quantitative andqualitative formulation, analysis, andinterpretation of�The impacts of action alternatives upon the needs

perspectives�The institutionalization perspectives�The value perspectives of the clients or customers


Formulation, Analysis,Formulation, Analysis,and Interpretationand Interpretation -- 22

�Issue Formulation – Identifies the needs to befulfilled and the requirements associated withthese in terms of:�Objectives to be satisfied�Constraints and alterables that affect issue

resolution�Generation of potential alternate courses of action

�Issue Analysis – Enables us to determine theimpacts of the identified alternative courses ofaction, including possible refinement of thealternatives


Formulation, Analysis,Formulation, Analysis,and Interpretationand Interpretation -- 33

�Issue Interpretation – Enables us to rank thealternatives in terms of need satisfaction and toselect one for implementation or additionalstudy

�Systems Engineering can be thought of asconsisting of formulation, analysis, andinterpretation efforts, together with the systemmanagement and technical direction effortsnecessary to bring this about


Primary SystemsPrimary SystemsEngineering StepsEngineering Steps

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

PrimaryInformationFlowSecondaryInformationFlow


Primary SystemsPrimary SystemsEngineeringEngineeringLifeLife--Cycle PhasesCycle Phases

SystemsDefinition

SystemDevelopment

SystemDeployment

PrimaryInformationFlowSecondaryInformationFlow


Systems ManagementSystems Management

�Systems Management can be viewed from aninactive, reactive, interactive, or proactiveperspective�Inactive – Organization does not worry about issues

and does not make efforts to resolve them�Reactive – Organization will examine a potential

issue only after it has developed into a real problem� an outcomes assessment will be performed� symptoms that produced the problem will be

eliminated


SystemsSystemsManagementManagement -- 22

�Interactive – Organization will attempt to examineissues while they are in the process of evolution inorder to detect problems at the earliest possible time� efforts at diagnosis and correction will be

implemented as soon as possible� recycling, feedback, and retrofit to and through

that portion of the life-cycle process in which theproblem occurred will take place

�Proactive – Organization predicts the potential forprogress hindering issues and synthesizes anappropriate life-cycle process that is sufficientlymature



�Systems Engineering often fails at the level ofsystems management:�Purpose, function, and structure of a new system

are not identified sufficiently before the system isdefined, developed, and deployed

�Formulation, analysis, or interpretation efforts aredeficient



�Systems Management and integration issuesare of major importance in determining theeffectiveness, efficiency, and overallfunctionality of systems design

�To achieve a high measure of functionality, itmust be possible for a system (product orservice) to be efficiently and effectively:�Produced�Used�Maintained�Retrofitted�Modified



�Ingredients necessary to engineer largesystems, solve large and complex problems,resolve complicated issues, or manage largesystems are normally associated with thefollowing needs to deal successfully with:�Issues involving many considerations and

interrelations including changes over time�Issues in which there are far-reaching and

controversial value judgments�Issues whose solutions require a multi-disciplined

approach



�Issues in which future events are difficult to predict�Issues in which the environments, external and

internal, are difficult to predict�Issues in which structural and human elements are

given full consideration�The need to implement integrated knowledge

management across the diversity of stakeholders�The need to engineer systems that are sustainable



�Systems Management places considerableemphasis on the accurate definition of asystem including identification of what it shoulddo and how people should interact with itbefore the system is developed and deployed


DoD Definitions ofDoD Definitions ofSystems EngineeringSystems Engineering

�Systems Engineering is the application ofscientific and engineering efforts to:�Transform an operational need into a description of

system performance parameters and a systemconfiguration through an iterative process ofdefinition, synthesis, analysis, design, test, andevaluation

�Integrate reliability, maintainability, expandability,safety, survivability, human engineering and otherfactors into the total engineering effort to meet cost,schedule, supportability, and technical performanceobjectives


DoD Definitions ofDoD Definitions ofSystems EngineeringSystems Engineering -- 22

�Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinaryapproach that:�Encompasses the scientific and engineering efforts

related to the development, manufacturing,verification, deployment, operations, support, anddisposal of systems products and processes

�Develops needed user training, equipment,procedures, and data

�Establishes and maintains configurationmanagement of the system

�Develops work breakdown structures andstatements of work and provides information formanagement decision making


Structure, Function, orStructure, Function, orPurposePurpose

�Structure – Systems Engineering isManagement Technology to assist clientsthrough the formulation, analysis, andinterpretation of the impacts of proposedpolicies, controls, or complete systems uponthe need perspectives, institutionalperspectives, and value perspectives ofstakeholders to issues under consideration


Structure, Function, orStructure, Function, orPurposePurpose -- 22

�Function – Systems Engineering is anappropriate combination of the methods andtools of systems engineering, made possiblethrough use of a suitable methodologicalprocess and systems management procedures



�Purpose – The purpose of systems engineeringis to organize and manage information andknowledge�To assist clients who desire to develop policies for

management, direction, control, and regulationactivities relative to forecasting, planning,development, production and operation of totalsystems

�To maintain overall quality, integrity, and integrationas related to performance, trustworthiness,reliability, availability, and maintainability


Function

Purpose

SystemsManagement

SystemsEngineering

Methodsand Tools

SystemsEngineering

MethodologiesProcessorProduct

Line

Structure

ProductorSystem


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