SDEP II Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report February … · 2016. 7. 11. · location...

SDEP II Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report - February 2006

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1 INTRODUCTION

Shandong Province – World Bank 1 Groupe Huit – SCE SDEP II – FASEP Consolidated Environmental Assessment

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SDEP II CONSOLIDATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT - FEBRUARY 2006............................................................................................... 1

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................7 1.1 Shandong Second Environment Project (SDEP II)....................................................................7 1.2 Background to the Environmental Assessment (EA)...............................................................12 1.3 Layout of the Consolidated EA Report....................................................................................14

2 Institutional and Regulatory Framework for EIA .......................................................................15 2.1 Environmental institutions and roles .......................................................................................15 2.2 Applicable laws and regulations ..............................................................................................16 2.3 World Bank Safeguards...........................................................................................................19

3 Environmental Policy Framework.................................................................................................21 3.1 Main environmental issues in Shandong .................................................................................21 3.2 Environmental Policies relevant to SDEP II Project................................................................22 3.3 Environmental quality objectives ............................................................................................26

4 Description of the SDEP II Sub-Projects ......................................................................................28 4.1 Sub-project objectives .............................................................................................................28 4.2 Sub-project contents ................................................................................................................30 4.3 Water Supply sector.................................................................................................................33 4.4 Wastewater sector ....................................................................................................................35 4.5 Solid Waste sector ...................................................................................................................40 4.6 Projects Compliance with National and Municipal Strategies.................................................42

5 Baseline environmental conditions ................................................................................................43 5.1 Physical environment...............................................................................................................43 5.2 Ecology....................................................................................................................................52 5.3 Socio-economic environment ..................................................................................................53 5.4 Location and environment of the future construction sites ......................................................58

6 Impact Assessment & Mitigation ...................................................................................................59 6.1 Impact Screening .....................................................................................................................59 6.2 Expected benefits from SDEP II..............................................................................................66 6.3 Impact Analysis and Mitigation associated to Project Location ..............................................69 6.4 Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Construction..............................................................80 6.5 Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Operation – Water Supply Component .....................89 6.6 Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Operation – Wastewater component .........................93 6.7 Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Operation - Solid Waste component .......................106 6.8 Cumulative Impacts ...............................................................................................................118 6.9 Environmental Risk Analysis ................................................................................................121

7 Project Alternatives.......................................................................................................................125 7.1 Alternative without Project ....................................................................................................125 7.2 Alternatives for the Water Supply component.......................................................................126 7.3 Alternatives for the Wastewater component ..........................................................................127 7.4 Alternatives for the Solid Waste component .........................................................................130

8 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)...................................................................................131 8.1 Objectives of the EMP...........................................................................................................131 8.2 Project-wide EMP..................................................................................................................131

1 INTRODUCTION


9 Public Consultation .......................................................................................................................132 9.1 Summary................................................................................................................................132 9.2 Activities and results..............................................................................................................133 9.3 Details per sub-project ...........................................................................................................134 9.4 Information Disclosure ..........................................................................................................136

10 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................138 10.1 Project justification................................................................................................................138 10.2 Summary of environmental impacts ......................................................................................138 10.3 Recommendations..................................................................................................................139

Annex 1 – Project Maps and Fact Sheets..............................................................................................143

Annex 2 – Environmental standards.....................................................................................................153

Annex 3 – Monitoring results.................................................................................................................169

1 INTRODUCTION


/,67�2)�7$%/(6�Table 1.1: Sub-projects, components and costs............................................................11 Table 1.2 Status of indiviual sub-project EA preparation as of February 12th, 2006 .....13 Table 4.1 Sub-project objectives..................................................................................29 Table 4.2 Summary of sub-projects contents ...............................................................30 Table 4.3 Project owners and future project implementing and operation agencies ......32 Table 4.4 Main characteristics of water supply components.........................................33 Table 4.5 Summary for Wastewater components .........................................................35 Table 4.6 Wastewater treatment processes of WWTPs proposed for World Bank financing .....................................................................................................................39 Table 4.7 River Rehabilitation Works associated to Wastewater components ..............39 Table 4.8 Water reuse facilities ...................................................................................39 Table 4.9 Main characteristics of Heze and Rizhao sub-components ...........................40 Table 4.10 Main characteristics of Zaozhuang Solid Waste sub-project.......................41 Table 5.1 Particular local wind conditions ...................................................................44 Table 5.2 People and area currently affected by flooding.............................................48 Table 5.3 Water quality of local rivers.........................................................................48 Table 5.4 Hydrogeology..............................................................................................49 Table 5.5 Current groundwater quality (Target is Class III) .........................................50 Table 5.6 Location of seawater monitoring points for Yantai.......................................51 Table 5.7 Seawater quality targets ...............................................................................51 Table 5.8 Population in sub-project cities ....................................................................53 Table 5.9 Main resources ............................................................................................54 Table 5.10 Annual revenue per capita..........................................................................55 Table 5.11 Cultural and archaeological values.............................................................55 Table 5.12 Baseline Air Quality Monitoring Results....................................................56 Table 5.13 Summary of baseline Noise Quality Monitoring Results ............................56 Table 5.14 Industrial sewage .......................................................................................57 Table 5.15 Distance to residential area and landuse on/around the site.........................58 Table 5.16 Sensitive sites or specific issues for sub-project locations ..........................58 Table 6.1 Screening of potential impacts associated with sub- projects location...........60 Table 6.2 Screening of potential impacts associated with sub-project construction ......61 Table 6.3 Screening of potential impacts associated with water supply sub-projects operation .....................................................................................................................63 Table 6.4 Screening of potential impacts associated with wastewater sub-projects operation .....................................................................................................................64 Table 6.5 Screening of potential impacts associated with solid waste sub-projects operation .....................................................................................................................65 Table 6.6 Estimation of pollution abatement achieved by SDEP II new WWTPs.........67 Table 6.7 Estimation of pollution abatement achieved by SDEP II additional wastewater collection ....................................................................................................................67 Table 6.8 Summary of land acquisition and resettlement data (source: RAP)...............71 Table 6.9 Permanent collective land acquisition (source : RAP) ..................................71 Table 6.10 Vulnerable groups affected by the project ..................................................71 Table 6.11Schedule of resettlement action plan ...........................................................72 Table 6.12 Summary of the Resettlement public participation procedure that has been conducted in each city. Each step includes a meeting, interviews and a questionnaire..73

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Table 6.13 Resettlement information disclosure procedure. .........................................73 Table 6.14 Project resettlement compensation budget. Unit: 10,000 RMB. Source: RAP....................................................................................................................................74 Table 6.15 Expected impact from Yantai WWTP on aquaculture ................................76 Table 6.16 Temporary land occupation (source: RAP).................................................80 Table 6.17 Available data on earthworks generated during construction ......................81 Table 6.18 Estimates of sediment quantities from river dredging ................................83 Table 6.19 River sediment composition (mg/kg) .........................................................83 Table 6.20 Handling of old waste ................................................................................85 Table 6.21 Noise value of main machines (DB(A)) .....................................................86 Table 6.22 Minimum distance required between noise source and sensitive points ......86 Table 6.23 Noise projection for WTPs during operation ..............................................89 Table 6.24 Impacts from WTPs on air quality .............................................................89 Table 6.25 Estimates of Water Supply and Wastewater Generated by Water Supply Components ................................................................................................................90 Table 6.26 Noise projection during operation ..............................................................93 Table 6.27 Predicted impacts of WWTPs on air quality...............................................94 Table 6.28 Reduction of pollutant loads to the environment ........................................95 Table 6.29 Comparison of alternatives for the sewer network in Weifang (source: Weifang EIA)..............................................................................................................98 Table 6.30 Reduction of pollutant loads to the Bohai sea.............................................98 Table 6.31 Seawater quality achieved for both alternatives (model results)..................99 Table 6.32 Expected sludge production by WWTPs (data from individual EIAs) ......101 Table 6.33 A more precautionary estimate of wet sludge production (t/d)..................102 Table 6.34 Estimate of daily solid waste production from WWTPs ...........................102 Table 6.35 Cumulative sludge production until 2020.................................................103 Table 6.36 Expected composition of WWTP sludge (mg/kg).....................................103 Table 6.37 Proposed management of the sludge produced by WWTPs and WTPs.....104 Table 6.38 Traffic planned at landfill sites.................................................................106 Table 6.39 Rizhao – Design criteria for the treatment of leachate Level II under Standards for Pollution Control for Landfilling of Domestic Refuse (GB16889-97) ..108 HezeTable 6.40 Heze landfill operation process ........................................................109 Table 6.41 Estimate of leachate yield ........................................................................111 Table 6.42 Estimates of Biogas yields for Zaozhuang landfill....................................114 Table 6.43 Final output of Heze Solid Waste Treatment Plant ...................................115 Table 6.44 Summary of nuisances to residents and mitigation measures ....................117 Table 6.45 Summary of waste material to be disposed (excluding construction waste)..................................................................................................................................118 Table 6.46 Summary of biogas production ................................................................119 Table 6.47 Results from preliminary dam safety assessment.....................................121 Table 7.1 Reduction of pollutant loads to the environment with SDEP II...................125 Table 7.2 Alternatives for Water Supply Components ...............................................126 Table 7.3 Alternatives for the Wastewater Component ..............................................127 Table 7.4 Alternatives for Wastewater Components ..................................................129 Table 7.5 Alternatives for the Solid Waste component ..............................................130

1 INTRODUCTION


/,67�2)�%2;(6�Box 1 – Wastewater treatment processes .....................................................................37 Box 2 – Sludge dewatering and thickening................................................................100

/,67�2)�),*85(6�Figure 1.1: Shandong Province and SDEP II sub-project locations ................................7 Figure 4.1 Water treatment process for Gaomi water plants.........................................34 Figure 4.2 Water intake and treatment process for Huantai water plant........................34 Figure 4.3 Summary of Heze synthetic waste treatment process. See detailed flow charts in appendix..................................................................................................................41 Figure 6.1 River dredging process adopted for Zaozhuang ..........................................83 Figure 6.2 Waste collection station and waste transport truck (Rizhao)......................106

$%%5(9,$7,21� $&521<06�A/O Advanced sludge wastewater treatment process, see p. 37 A2/O Advanced sludge wastewater treatment process, see p. 37 BOT Build, Operate, Transfer CEC Construction Environmental coordinator (from IA-ESU) CEM Construction Environmental Manager CSEMP Construction Site Environmental Management Plan EA Environmental Assessment EMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EPB Environmental Protection Bureau (of SEPA) ESFI Environmental and Social Field Inspector ESU Environmental and Social Unit (from IA) FSR Feasibility Study Report GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse Gases GEF Global Environmental Facility GIS Geographic Information System IA Implementing Agent (Project Executing Agency) MNR Municipal Nature Reserve MSW Municipal Solid Waste NCP Nuisance Control Plan NEPA National Environmental Protection Agency NGO Non-Government Organization NNR National Nature Reserve PAP Project Affected People PIU Project Implementation Unit PMO Project Management Office PO Project Owner PPE Personal Protective Equipment PRC People’s Republic of China

1 INTRODUCTION


QEDD Qixia Economic Development District RAP Resettlement Action Plan SA Social Assessment SDEP II Second Shandong Environment Project SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SFA State Forestry Administration SFI Social Field Inspector SRS Standard Site Inspection Review Sheet TA Technical Assistance WB World Bank WS Water Supply WTP Water Treatment Plant WWC Wastewater Collection WWT Wastewater Treatment WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant CURRENCIES AND UNITS RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar Conversion rate: 1 USD = 8 RMB MU Area Unit (1 Mu= 0.0667 Ha)

CHEMICAL COMPONENTS COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COD Cr COD measured through reduction with dichromate acid COD Mn Hypermanganate index. IM gives an indication of organic matter content, measured through reduction with permanganate acid. IM is always lower than CODCr BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days) NH3-NAmmonia Nitrogen SS Suspended Solids TP Total Phosphorus TSP Total Suspended Particulates

1 INTRODUCTION


1 Introduction

Figure 1.1: Shandong Province and SDEP II sub-project locations

1.1 Shandong Second Environment Project (SDEP II)

1.1.1 Shandong Province Shandong province covers an area of over 157 000 km2 with a total population of 91 million in 2003, which ranks it as the second most populated provinces in China. It is composed of 17 municipalities and 139 counties (including county-level municipalities and districts under city administration). Shandong province is a significant coastal province in East China. Located on the lower reaches of the Yellow River, it borders the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in the east. The location between the economic belt of Bohai Sea and the economic region of Shanghai has made Shandong a linking space and a dynamic actor in the construction of these two richest Chinese economic regions. Its coastal cities are positioned as active and rich trade poles facing the Korean peninsula and, less directly, Japan Islands. The urban network is centered on the Jinan-Qingdao axis with secondary axes linked by modern transportation ways. The GDP of the province has reached 1 243 billion RMB in 2003 with a growth rate of 13,7%. This places Shangong at the third rank among Chinese Provinces, after

1 INTRODUCTION


Guangdong and Jiangsu. However, Shandong’s GDP per capita is only situated at the 9th place as 13 622 RMB per capita. And the gap is huge between the rich municipalities in the coastal area and the others, with a GDP per capita ranging from 40 000 RMB to 4 000 RMB. The gap is also huge between the revenue of the richest and the revenue of the poorest. Shandong population is growing fast. The average annual growth rate from 1990 to 2000 was 0.64%, meaning an increase in population of 5.4 million people/year. There is also a growing transfer of rural population to urban areas, which makes the development of urban infrastructure an important challenge for the Province.

1.1.2 Main environmental issues and strategic environmental framework This rapid demographic, urban and economic growth has led to environmental deterioration, the main environmental issues being air pollution and water pollution, and an increase in water scarcity. Shandong has relatively poor water resources, and partly relies on water diverted from the Yellow River for its water supply. Water scarcity gets even worse when many water sources are too polluted to be used as raw water for water supply. The shortcomings in sanitation and waste management turn many rivers into open sewers or garbage fields, especially during low flows. Such bad sanitary conditions particularly affect the health and living conditions of the poor in urban areas. To combat further environmental deterioration, the province and the cities have mapped out environmental policies and programs which are aimed at substantially reducing the main pollution problems. These efforts should on one hand permit economic growth, but on the other hand markedly reduce industrial pollution and improve municipal environmental treatment measures and provide ecological protection. Particular mention is made in these plans to regional watershed protection as well as environmental management. Improving and developing Water Supply management, Wastewater management and Solid Waste management is necessary to improve environmental and sanitary conditions, especially for the poor, as well as to support urban growth and economic development. Developing these services also requires the strengthening of the institutional capacity and taking provisions to ensure financial sustainability. The investments necessary to make up for the lagging behind and to match previsions of demographic growth, represent a huge challenge for the municipalities of Shandong Province. The Shandong Provincial Environment Project Office (SPPMO) was established in June 1995. The office is headed by the Deputy Director of the Shandong Urban and Rural Construction Commission who is supported, on a part-time basis, by five divisions and four deputy directors from the provincial EPB, the Finance and Planning Bureau and the Urban and Rural Construction Commission. Similar organizational structures were established also at municipal level.

1 INTRODUCTION


1.1.3 Projects supported by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank

1.1.3.1 Shandong Environment Project (SDEP)

SDEP (Shandong Environment Project) was approved by World Bank in Fiscal Year 1998. This Project comprised a blend of policy and investment initiatives. The policy initiatives mainly supported a stronger market orientation for municipal service financial management, and the environmental management of polluting industrial enterprises, including: Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control ($10.0 million); Institutional Strengthening and Training ($3.9 million). The investment were supporting the municipal strategies for environmental recovery and sustaining use of natural water resources and were shared in Water Supply, Wastewater Management and Heating. The total cost of the project was about 200 millions USD. The municipalities beneficiary of the loan were Jinan Municipality Water Supply Management ($62.6 million) and Wastewater Management ($36.5 million); Weihai Municipality Municipal District Heating ($42.9 million); Yantai Municipality Municipal District Heating ($46.1 million).

1.1.3.2 Huai River Pollution Control Project

The Huai River Pollution Control Project by the World Bank is also supporting the Shandong urban development and environment. This project under supervision has a total amount of 227 million USD shared between the Anhui province and the Shandong province with 75 million USD for the latter. It is planned to be completed by the end of June 2007. The investment in Shandong was mainly focused on the Wastewater sector. This component provides investments in wastewater systems in three municipalities: Feicheng, Heze, Rizhao, and Juxian in Rizhao municipality. The Shandong component would also implement a separation process of wastewater generated by Chengwu Paper Mill.

1.1.3.3 The Shandong Hai River Basin Pollution Control Project (ADB funding)

This project is currently in preparation, and is receiving technical assistance from international and domestic consultants. Technical assistance was to commence mid-2004. The proposed project will include 3 components: (i) construction of wastewater treatment facilities to increase capacity by 800 000 m3 per day ; (ii) the installation of water recycling systems to increase production capacity by 60 000 m3 per day and (iii) the development of appropriate solid waste management systems with treatment capacity of 1 300 tons/day. In parallel to this proposed physical infrastructure, policy dialogue will continue to pursue the following areas : (i) integrated environment planning; (ii) integrated water and wastewater management ; (iii) sanitation and solid waste management ; (iv) tariff reform and regulatory formulation ; (v) financing mechanism reform ; (vi) management enterprise reform (vii) institutional strengthening (viii) urban poor and social program, and (ix) clean production technologies for industries.

1 INTRODUCTION


1.1.4 SDEP II Following on the SDEP, the SDEP II is a multi-sector based project covering the Water and Solid Waste sectors. 9 cities are applying for World Bank financing for 10 sub-projects. The sub-projects aim at improving water quality, securing water supply, improving health and living quality conditions, and support economic development of the cities. Key performance indicators as defined by the World Bank include: (a) water quality in the receiving bodies in the participating cities; (b) service coverage; (c) financial sustainability of sectoral institutions; and (d) improved satisfaction levels of citizens with the services. The proposed Project has the following three components: (a) water supply and wastewater treatment and collection in Gaomi, Huantai, Qixia, Weifang, Weihai, Yantai and Zaozhuang; (b) solid waste management in Heze, Rizhao and Zaozhuang); and (c) technical assistance and capacity building. 3 wastewater sub-projects include a component for the rehabilitation of river embankments, in order to protect the main sewers, to improve the river landscape and environmental conditions in the city, and to provide flood protection. The Project also aims at improving municipal financial arrangements and institutional environment, targeting topical issues but dealing mainly with a preventive action. Finally, the Project will include innovative demonstration activities financed under a GEF Grant, as well as application for Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) support. All the sub-projects are detailed in the table below. A fact sheet and map are provided for each sub-project in Annex 1. Total estimated cost is 2 350 million RMB, of which potentially USD 120 million could be financed by the World Bank. Note: in this report, we will refer to SDEP II as “the Project” and to the local sub-projects in each city as “the sub-projects”. We will refer to the sectoral components of each sub-project, or of SDEP II, as “components” (i.e. Water Supply, Wastewater Collection and Treatment, Solid Waste Management, and River Rehabilitation).

1 INTRODUCTION


Table 1.1: Sub-projects, components and costs Sub-project Component Cost estimate

as of Nov 25th, 2005 (Million RMB)

Resettlement and land acquisition (million RMB)

% EMP (million RMB)

%

Gaomi Water supply 247 7.5 3% 0.2 0.1%

Huantai Water supply 289 13.6 5% 3.4 1.2%

Weihai Waste water 163 - - N/A

Yantai Waste water 187 5.6 3% N/A

Qixia Waste water 91 6.6 7% 3.9 4.3%

Weifang Waste water 653 40 6% 0.6 0.1%

Zaozhuang –wastewater

Waste water 488 150 31% 4.1 0.8%

Zaozhuang – solid waste

Solid Waste 20 No RAP yet - 1.1 5.5%

Heze Solid Waste 134 19.4 14% 4.6 3.4%

Rizhao Solid Waste 78 - - 4.8 6.2%

1 INTRODUCTION


1.2 Background to the Environmental Assessment (EA)

1.2.1 Classification of the Environmental Assessment As some if not all sub-projects may have significant impacts on the natural or social environment, in accordance with PRC National Regulations and the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 related to Environmental Assessment, and following the suggestions given by the experts from the World Bank, a “Category A - Consolidated EA” is carried out on the whole Project. The Consolidated EA (CEA) comprehensively considers the targets and specific impacts of the sub-projects and outlines the dominant socio-economic and improvements to the welfare of communities. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP), an EA Summary and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) are also prepared for the Project.

1.2.2 Preparation of the Consolidated EA The Project technical and financial preparation was carried out by Chinese local organizations and has been supported by various sources of international assistance to SDEP II, including Groupe Huit/SOGREAH, the Design Review and Advisory (DRA) Consultants to the Shandong Project Management Office (PMO), the responsible institution for the overall preparation of the project. For each sub-project, Design Institutes (DI’s) were appointed by the different sub-project Owners (PO) to carry out feasability studies and produce Feasability Study Reports (FSR). The Project Owners appointed different other Design Institutes to carry out Environmental Impact Assessments for each of the sub-projects. According to Chinese regulations, Shandong EPB is responsible for review and approval of the EIA reports. In accordance with the Government Regulation “Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment Management for Construction Projects Loaned by International Finance Organisation” of June 21, 1993 and the World Bank Safeguards Operational Policy, the Project Management Office has appointed SCE/Groupe Huit to carry out the preparation of the consolidated EA, as well as the EMP and the EA Summary. A workshop was held by SCE/Groupe Huit in September 2005 to present the World Bank requirements for EIA and propose an outline to harmonize the contents of all the individual EIAs. The individual EIAs were produced in Chinese, with an English summary. The Consolidated EA of SDEP II (hereinafter referred to as the Consolidated EIA) was based on the individual EIAs of each sub-project, as well as on meetings and exchanges of information held with the Design Institutes.

1 INTRODUCTION


This consolidated EA has been carried out strictly in accordance with National and Provincial laws, codes and criteria relating to environmental protection. It satisfies the Chinese EA system, whilst at the same time gives full attention to the requirements of the World Bank’s environmental safeguards, and more precisely those of the Operational Policy 4.01 for EA.

1.2.3 Environmental Assessment Process The current CEA has been prepared for the World Bank Appraisal of SDEP II, scheduled in March 2006. To keep up with a very tight schedule, the individual EIA’s and the CEA were produced in parallel with the technical feasibility studies. The technical feasibility studies will be finalized only in March 2006. Therefore some sub-project designs may still be subject to changes. The present Consolidated EA is based on the information as shown in Table 1.2. Since the final designs were not available by February 12th, 2006, some data in the CEA could be subject to review. Special attention is drawn to Zaozhuang Solid Waste project, where nor the Feasability Study nor the EIA are available.

Table 1.2 Status of indiviual sub-project EA preparation as of February 12th, 2006

Sub-project Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) available

Approved by EPB

Public participation process conducted

Information disclosure

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) available

Gaomi Updated after 12/05 WB mission Ongoing Yes Yes Yes

Huantai Updated after 12/05 WB mission No Yes Yes Yes

Weihai Updated after 12/05 WB mission No Yes Yes Yes

Yantai Updated after 12/05 WB mission Yes Yes Yes Yes

Qixia Updated after 12/05 WB mission No Yes Yes Yes

Weifang Updated after 12/05 WB mission No Yes Yes Yes

Zaozhuang –wastewater

Updated after 12/05 WB mission Ongoing Yes Yes Yes


No No No No No

Heze Updated after 12/05 WB mission Yes Partly No Yes

Rizhao Updated after 12/05 WB mission No Yes Yes Yes

1 INTRODUCTION


1.3 Layout of the Consolidated EA Report The following chapters of this report present the detailed analyses conducted as part of the Overall Environmental Assessment.

− Chapter 2 Discusses the policy, legal and administrative framework within which the EA has been conducted – describing both the environmental requirements of the PRC and the World Bank;

− Chapter 3 Presents the Environmental Policy framework, the national and municipal Environmental Strategies the Project should comply with;

− Chapter 4 Provides a summary technical presentation of the proposed sub-projects;

− Chapter 5 Describes the site-specific environmental and social conditions (physical, biological and socio-economic conditions) that will need attention during impact assessment;

− Chapter 6 Provides prediction and assessment of likely positive and negative impacts with related mitigation requirements;

− Chapter 7 Compares feasible alternatives to the proposed project components, including the “without-project” scenario;

− Chapter 8 Summarizes the Environmental Management Plan; − Chapter 9 Describes the public participation activities; − Chapter 10 Provides concluding remarks and recommendations.

The report is accompanied by a series of Annexes covering the following topics: ANNEX 1 Project Maps and Facts Sheets ANNEX 2 Environmental Standards in PRC ANNEX 3 Monitoring data

2 INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR EIA


2 Institutional and Regulatory Framework for EIA

2.1 Environmental institutions and roles

2.1.1 National level: EPC and SEPA

2.1.1.1 The Environmental Protection Commission (EPC)

This Commission, situated at the highest level of the Central Government, has the function to formulate and issue laws and regulations for environmental protection and to put forward planning requirements.

2.1.1.2 The State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)

SEPA was set up as a ministry at the end of March 1998 when the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) was upgraded from a sub-ministry to a ministry level. Presently, SEPA is a ministerial-level authority directly under the State Council responsible for the environmental protection in China. Its main responsibilities are as follows:

− To formulate national guidelines, policies, laws, regulations and programmes on environmental protection and provide supervision over their implementation.

− To formulate and issue national standards for environmental protection. − To oversee environmental protection concerning the atmosphere, water, soil and

oceans; to provide supervision and management for the control and prevention of pollution.

− To assist in the formulation of China’s basic principles on global environmental issues and to participate in negotiations dealing with international conventions.

2.1.2 Local Level The Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) at the level of a Province or of a Municipality are in charge of:

− Drafting local laws and regulations. − Issuing administrative regulations. − Organizing work on environmental monitoring and control. − Supervising the treatment of pollution. − Dealing with the major pollution incidents; and − Carrying out education and training in environmental protection.

The provincial and municipal EPBs play an important role in the short- and long-term policy studies.



Shandong Province’s Environmental Protection Bureau exerts the leadership on the EPBs of 10 municipalities involved in SDEPII. The EIAs will be reviewed and approved nationally by Shandong Provincial EPB, after which they will be submitted to the local People’s Governments at all levels for confirmation.

2.2 Applicable laws and regulations

2.2.1 Framework for EIA Since 2002, the EIA process in China is under the Environmental Impact Assessment Law (2002-10-28). Several other national laws and regulations provide a legal background to EIA:

− Environmental Protection Law (1979 & 1989) − Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects (1998, State

Council, N°253) − Regulations on the Certificate for the EIA of Construction Projects (1989

NEPA) − Regulations on Criteria for the Classification of Construction Project on a Large

and Medium Scale − Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment: Standards of Environmental

Protection Industry of the People’s Republic of China, HJ/T2.1-2.3, 93 − Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment: Non-pollution Ecological

Impact (Standards of Environmental Protection Industry of the People’s Republic of China, HJ/T19, 1997)

− Categorized Checklist for Environmental Protection Management of Projects under Construction, [2002] File No. 14, SEPA;

− Comments on Further Strengthening of Environmental Protection Management of Projects, HUANFA [2001] File No. 19, SEPA;

− Notice to Strengthening EIA Management of Projects Financed with Loans from International Financing Institutions, HUANJIAN [1993] File No. 324, SEPA;

− Notice to Issuance of Total Pollutant Effluent/Emission Amount Control Plans in the 10th Five-year Plan Period, YUFUFA [2001] File No. 556;

− Notice to Strengthening EIA of Development Zones, HUANFA [2002] File No. 174, issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration;

− Checklist of Hazardous Wastes; − Methods for Environmental Protection Acceptance of Projects at Completion,

[2001] File No. 13, issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration;

− The 10th Five-year Plan for Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China;

− Technical Directives for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T 2.1~2.3-93), the State Environmental Protection Administration;

− Technical Directives for Environmental Impact Assessment – Noise Environment (HJ/T 2.4-1995), the State Environmental Protection Administration;



− Technical Directives for Environmental Impact Assessment – non-pollution Ecological Impacts (HJ/T 19-1997), the State Environmental Protection Administration.

According to Chinese regulations, only the Solid Waste projects of SDEP II would need to submit a complete EIA report. For the other projects, a fact sheet would be sufficient. However, in the present case, it was asked that all the sub-project EIA reports be approved by the EPB.

2.2.2 Environmental Quality Standards The standards that serve as a basis for the Environmental Evaluation are presented below. The parameters values for each standard can be found in Annex 2. The standards to be used for project design should be in compliance with the environmental impact evaluation documents approved by the environmental protection authorities. This means that the EPB may authorize or require different standards (stricter or not) than those required by the existing regulations.

2.2.2.1 Surface water quality

National standards for surface water quality previously enforced successively by GB3838-1983, and GB3838-1988 were recently revised in 2002 (GB3838-2002). The water bodies are divided into five classes according to their utilization purposes and protection objectives:

− Class I is mainly applicable to spring water and to national nature reserves. − Class II is mainly applicable to first class of protected areas for main sources of

drinking water, for the protection areas of rare fish species, and for spawning grounds for fish and shrimp.

− Class III is mainly applicable to second class of protected areas for main sources of drinking water, and to protected areas for the common fish and for swimming areas.

− Class IV is mainly applicable to the water for industrial use and entertainment which has no direct contact with human body.

− Class V is mainly applicable to water bodies for agricultural use and landscape requirement.

2.2.2.2 Seawater quality

− Seawater quality standards (GB 3097-1997)

2.2.2.3 Effluents from industry and from wastewater treatment plant

− Comprehensive Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB8978 – 1996); − Quality of Sewage Water Discharged into Urban Sewers (CJ3082�1999). − Standard for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment

Plants (GB18918�2002) − Control standards for pollutants in sludge for agricultural use GB 4284-1984



2.2.2.4 Solid Waste Management

− Domestic waste landfill pollution control standards (GB16889-1997) ; − Domestic waste landfill environment monitoring technique standards

(CJ/T3037-95) ; − Urban Municipal Solid Waste Technical Standard 1989, Ministry of

Construction; − Ordinance of Urban Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Management,

adopted by the State Council, August 1992; − The Technical Policies for MSW Treatment and Pollution Prevention,

promulgated by MOC, MST and SEPA, May 29, 2000

2.2.2.5 Water Quality Standards

− Groundwater Quality Standards GB/T14848-1993 − Drinking water quality standard GJ3020-1993; − Raw water quality standard GB5794-85; − Regulation CJ/T206-2005 which is more strict than the above (NTU, residual

Cl2,…), but currently facultative.

2.2.2.6 Others

Several other standards apply either during the construction or operation phases of the project. These include mainly:

− Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095—1996) with regulation GB3095-96 for Fluoride and standard for maximum concentration of Chlorine from Industry Designing Sanitary Standards (TJ36-1979).

− Standards for the Protection of Crops (GB9173—88) set the maximum concentration of some air pollutants in order to preserve the safe consumption of crops.

− Class Two standard of Urban Area Environmental Noise Standards GB3096-1995, which applies to residential, commercial and industrial mixed area.

− Environmental vibration adopts Urban Area Environmental Vibration Standards GB10070-88, which apply to mixed area and commercial centre area, day 75dB(A), night 72dB(A).

− Exhaust gas which adopts Comprehensive Emission Standards of Air Pollutant (GB16297-1996)

− Construction noise which adopts Limiting Values for Construction Area (GB12523—90)

2.2.2.7 Flood protection standards

− Flood Protection Standard (GB50201-94); − Specifications for Design of Urban Flood Protection Works (CJJ50-92)



2.3 World Bank Safeguards The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. For any project processed with the participation of an International Funding Agency, in addition to the fulfillment of national requirements, the proponent must also satisfy the requirements of the funding organization. Environmental and social policies and requirements of the World Bank are presented in the following reference safeguards:

− Operational Policy 4.01, Environmental Assessment, January 1999 (including Annex A, Annex B, Annex C, dated January 1999);

− Operational Policy 4.04, Natural Habitats, June 2001; − Operational policy 4.09, Pest management, December 1998; − Operational Policy 4.11, Cultural Property, August 1999; − Operational Policy 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement, December 2001; − Operational Directive 4.20, Indigenous Peoples, September 1991; − Operational Policy 4.36, Forests, September 1993 (including Annex A, dated

March 1993); − Operational Policy 4.37, Safety of Dams, October 2001; − Operational Policy 7.50, Projects on International Waterways, June 2001; − Operational Policy 7.60, Projects in Disputed Areas, June 2001. − Bank Policy 15.50, Information Disclosure.

For the present SDEP II project, the following safeguards will be triggered:

− Operational Policy 4.01, Environmental Assessment, January 1999 (including Annex A, Annex B, Annex C, dated January 1999);

− Operational Policy 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement, December 2001; − Bank Policy 15.50, Information Disclosure.

The following safeguards could be triggered depending on the social and natural environment of the Project:

− Operational Policy 4.04, Natural Habitats, June 2001; − Operational Directive 4.20, Indigenous Peoples, September 1991; − Operational Policy 4.11, Cultural Property, August 1999;

The Consolidated EA includes screening tables to assess whether the above Operational Policies apply. Regarding

− Operational Policy 4.37, Safety of Dams, October 2001;



The safety of dams has been assessed by the World Bank Task Team during the World Bank pre-appraisal mission in December 2005. Results are summarized in the present CEA.

3 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FRAMEWORK


3 Environmental Policy Framework

3.1 Main environmental issues in Shandong

3.1.1 Water scarcity and water pollution Shandong Province has a rain-sparse climate. North China is home to roughly 43 percent of China’s population but has only 14 percent of China’s water resources. China’s annual per capita water resources of 2,292 cubic meters are one of the lowest levels in the world, only slightly above that of India. North China’s per capita water resources, at 750 cubic meters per year, are a fraction of China’s already low figure. Several of North China’s major rivers, including the Yellow River, the Hai River, the Huai River and the Wei River are heavily polluted and over-allocated. Renewable water resources for the 3-H rivers (Huang “Yellow”, Hai, Huai) are all well below 1000 cubic meters per year, the international standard for water scarcity. All three rivers are heavily polluted. More than 50 percent of the length of the major rivers in North China has Level V or worse water quality (poor). As a result of water releases from upstream reservoirs on the Yellow River to meet downstream demands, some of those reservoirs are now at 50-year lows. Shandong derives a large amount of its water supply from underground sources. Some of Shandong’s aquifers are being increasingly polluted and reduced below replenishment amounts. Domestic and industrial water has to be extracted from often polluted rivers, rain-fed reservoirs, or piped from distant water sources. Some cities, e.g., Jinan, Qingdao and Zibo, have to rely on costly water transmission from the Yellow River. At the same time, most rivers and lakes, especially the Xiaoqing River and the Nansi Lake, are heavily polluted, aggravating water shortages and restricting long-term economic development.

3.1.2 Air pollution Air pollution is an important issue in Shandong Province, with the environment of Dezhou, Jining, Zaozhuang, Heze, Laiwu, Linyi, Binzhou and Jinan not meeting the Grade III air quality standard in 2003. Industrial pollution, power generation and domestic heating systems are the main causes for pollution. Besides, dust emissions are important in the long dry season.

3.1.3 Industrial pollution Industry is the primary source of both water and air pollution, as well as hazardous and toxic wastes, and although the amount of pollution generated per unit of industrial output has decreased in China generally and in Shandong specifically as a result of industrial efficiency gains, cleaner technology, and environmental regulation, the absolute level of industrial growth has swamped this relative improvement.



3.1.4 Waste management Solid Waste management is becoming a more and more important issue in Shandong. The solid waste production in Shandong was of 79 million tons in 2004, which represents an increase of 17% compared to 2003, including 21 million tons from the electricity and heating production and the industrial production. The industrial solid waste production is about 3 thousand tons. 3365 enterprises and public institutions have completed the hazardous waste declaration registration form in 2004: 3331 institutions produce 4 519 thousand tons of hazardous wastes. There are 86 urban domestic waste treatment plants, with an annual capacity of 11 million tons only.

3.2 Environmental Policies relevant to SDEP II Project

3.2.1 General The Shandong Provincial Government (SPG) is extremely sensitive to environmental issues. It readily acknowledges that the environmental situation of the Province is “serious” due, more specifically, to its extremely fast industrial growth (the industrial capital stock in Shandong is doubling on average every 4 to 5 years). Considering this situation, the Shandong Province has initiated environmental protection programs since 1973, earlier than most other Provinces. In the last 10 years (9th and 10th five-year plans spanning from 1996 to 2005), significant initiatives have been taken to better provide and manage urban environmental services and pollution control.

3.2.2 Urban growth and infrastructure

3.2.2.1 Urban growth

Urban growth is an important challenge in the Province. A national policy launched with the Xth five-year plan encourages and supports the transfer of rural labour force to urban areas. Shandong, with almost 70% of the population still depending on an agricultural activity, is particularly affected by this policy. 1 million people have migrated from rural to urban areas in 2002. The provincial government has been supporting this policy by managing and supporting the population flow, for instance by developing the industry to provide jobs. It is a challenge to face the future urban growth and to anticipate the future needs of the town in term of urban services and environmental quality. The cities have an urban population concentration of 9500 inhabitants per km2, an urbanized area of 2 400 km2 (+ 200 km2 compared to 2003).

3.2.2.2 Investments in urban infrastructure

In 2004, 48 cities have invested 12 450 million RMB in urban environment infrastructure construction (including gas supply, collective heating, drainage, greening and forest, environment sanitation, etc.), which represents and increase of 24% compared to 2003. 22.6 million people in Shandong are supplied with tap water, through a network of 25,200 km of water distribution pipes. Most water companies are public, but water



plants are being operated by private companies. Total water supply in 2004 was 2.4 billion m3. The water supply capacity is 12.6 million m3/day, of which 7.1 million m3/day are from groundwater. The urban daily domestic water use is of 143 l/day (+ 3 l/day). The urban water supply covering ratio reaches 98%. 74 urban WWTPs have been established in the province. Daily wastewater treatment capacity reaches 4 243 thousand m3, 898 million m3 are treated annually. The ratio of collective wastewater treatment reaches 47%. The total provincial wastewater discharge was about 2 640 million tons in 2004, including: domestic wastewater 1 350 million tons (51% of total wastewater emission); industrial wastewater 1 290 million tons (49% of total wastewater emission). The wastewater discharge is increasing.

3.2.3 National Cleaner Production Program The national government, as well as Shandong Province and the three principal cities have made improved industrial pollution control their primary environmental target for the 1996-2000 five-year plan period. The National Cleaner Production Program promotes industrial wastewater treatment facilities and clean industrial processes with higher recycling level of effluents and waste. The city of Yantai is the national pilot city for a cleaner production program. The Xiaoqing River Basin which includes the provincial capital city of Jinan, has also been selected by the national government as the pilot provincial river basin for a concerted clean-up program. In 2003 the discharge of main pollutants of the whole province decreased by more than 10% compared to 2002.

3.2.4 General water management strategy China has adopted a multi-pronged strategy to manage water issues in North China. That strategy includes preventing water pollution, reducing water pollution, implementing rational prices for water (including irrigation), reducing consumption, promoting re-use of water, building up wastewater treatment infrastructure, charging rational prices for wastewater treatment, and building the South-North Water Transfer Project (see below).

3.2.5 Pricing of services Tariff revenue for water supply and wastewater services have historically been less than production costs, not only in Shandong, but also in the PRC as a whole. While this is still the case in Shandong, the Government has increasingly adopted cost recovery objectives for the water and wastewater sector. Consistent with its policies of economic and enterprise reform, the Government hase been requiring since the late 1990s that water and wastewater supply projects should be financially sustainable and capable of cost recovery.



3.2.6 Promotion of the reuse of water The current national policy “Advocating of sewage reuse in sewage treatment facilities of various capacities based on the principle of economic reasonable, hygiene and security” promotes the reuse of treated wastewater for greening and industrial uses.

3.2.7 Flood control The Flood Protection Standard (GB50201-94) and the Specifications for Design of Urban Flood Protection Works (CJJ50-92) determine the level of flood protection that should be ensured along urban rivers, according to the size of the city and the type of river.

3.2.8 The South-to-North Water Diversion project The 1,747-km Grand Canal from Beijing in north China to Hangzhou in east China runs through Shandong. It is the longest and the oldest man-made canal in the world. It will be the main channel for the Eastern line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in the country. With a total investment of about 486 billion yuan (about 59 billion US dollars), the project will divert water from three places respectively on the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze, China's longest river, to destinations in the north. Once the project is completed, a total of 44.8 billion cubic meters of water will be annually channeled from the Yangtze to the North of China. Then, the Beijing-Hangzhou canal will be navigable for 1,000-ton ships. Water from the Yellow river is currently supplying cities that are located as far as Qingdao or Gaomi through canals and reservoirs. The South-to-North Water Diversion project will provide more water to Shandong.

3.2.9 Restoration of the Bohai Sea marine environment China has drawn up a great marine environmental protection plan to control pollution in the Bohai Sea area and to restore the favorable ecological environment there. The Chinese Government will put in over 55 billion yuan in the coming 15 years to restore and improve the Bohai Sea ecological system. The Bohai Blue Sea Action Program should be put into practice in three stages: 2000-2005, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015. The program aims to halt discharge of industrial wastes, to monitor environmental pollution and to restore the damaged ecological system in the sea. By 2005, enterprises along the Liaohe, Haihe and Yellow rivers, which all end up running into the Bohai gulf, will have to meet the state standards of waste discharge, and a number of wastewater plants will be established in cities concerned. Discharges of major pollutants, such as nitrogen, phosphor, heavy metals and crude oil, will be cut by 10 to 20 percent. The SEPA and local governments should carry out about 430 projects concerning pollution treatment, reconstruction of ecological environment, and scientific research in the years to 2010. The Bohai Fauna and Flora Resources Conservation Regulations strictly regulate overfishing and illegal discharges of pollutants into the sea



3.2.10 Water resources planning, Yellow River Conservancy Commission General water resources planning has been started at the Provincial level: general planning for the Hai River and the Si River ; for the water resources development and exploitation of the Qimu River; planning of reservoir construction in the Huang River, the Huai River and the Hai River basins. The financial and construction management are being reinforced to ensure the efficient use of the financial resources and the quality of the works. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC) is responsible for integrated management of the Yellow River water resources. As such, it supervises water projects and water allocation of water from the South-to-North water diversion project. The YRCC’s duties are described in State Document No 87, 1998, “Functions, framework and personnel size of the Ministry of Water Resources. See also www.yellowriver.gov.cn.

3.2.11 The Programme for Construction of Municipal Sewage Treatment Works for Shandong Section of East Route of South-North Water Diversion Project

This pollution reduction programme is being implemented to improve water quality in the East Route of the South-to-North Diversion Project. The following are the major contents of the Programme related to the proposed Project:

REGIONS COVERED IN PROGRAMME

The regions covered in the Programme shall be the regions affecting the quality of water to be conveyed through the Shandong section of the east route of the South-North Water Diversion Project, totaling 52 cities, counties and districts, namely 16 cities, 6 independent districts and 30 counties. Cities involved in SDEP II are Huantai, Zaozhuang and Heze.

GENERAL GOAL OF PROGRAMME

To ensure the quality of water to be conveyed through the Shandong section of the east route of the South-North Water Diversion Project, the general goal of quality of the water carried in the east trunk route of the South-North Water Diversion Project by 2008 shall meet the standard for quality of water of Class III as specified in the Standard for Quality of Environment for Surface Water (GB3838-2002).

STANDARD TO CONTROL QUALITY OF WATER DISCHARGED FROM URBAN SEWAGE

TREATMENT PLANT

In principle, the quality of water discharged from plants located in the north from the Huanghe River shall comply with the standard for Grade III effluents from sewage treatment plants as specified in the Standard for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants (GB18918�2002) while the quality of water discharged from plants located in the south from the Huanghe River shall comply with Standard B for Grade I effluents from sewage treatment plants as specified in the Standard for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants (GB18918�2002). However, the concrete standard shall be in compliance with the environmental impact evaluation documents approved by the environmental protection authorities.



Furthermore, those sewage treatment plants that have been completed or are still under construction shall be technically renovated to incorporate phosphorus removal and denitrification facilities in their capacities to meet the national standards and requirements. In the meantime, sewage pipeline networks shall be erected and completed.

STANDARD TO CONTROL QUALITY OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGED FROM INDUSTRIAL

ENTERPRISES IN URBAN AREA

The quality of wastewater discharged from the industrial enterprises in the urban area of the cities shall strictly comply with the national standard of Comprehensive Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB8978 – 1996) and the standard published by the Ministry of Construction – Quality of Sewage Water Discharged into Urban Sewers (CJ3082�1999).

3.2.12 Urban Master Plans Urban Master Plans have been developed for every city. The compliance of the sub-projects with the concerned Urban Master Plan is examined in the individual FSR/EIA reports and reported in this Consolidated EIA.

3.3 Environmental quality objectives

3.3.1 Wastewater emissions − emissions from WWTPs should comply with Grade I, Level B of the Standard

for Pollutants Discharged from Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plants (GB18918�2002), and also with the national standard of Comprehensive Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB8978 – 1996);

− the quality of wastewater discharged from the industrial enterprises in the urban area of the cities shall strictly comply with the national standard of Comprehensive Standard for Wastewater Discharge (GB8978 – 1996) and the standard published by the Ministry of Construction – Quality of Sewage Water Discharged into Urban Sewers (CJ3082�1999).

3.3.2 Air quality objectives Air quality shall comply with the Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095—1996) with regulation GB3095-96 for Fluoride and standard for maximum concentration of Chlorine from Industry Designing Sanitary Standards (TJ36-1979). Emissions shall comply with the Comprehensive Emission Standards of Air Pollutant (GB16297-1996), Grade II. At boundaries of WWTPs, Emission Standards of Air Pollutant (GB16297-1996) Grade II and Standard for Pollutant Discharge of Sewage Treatment Plants in Cities and Towns (GB18918-2002), Grade II shall apply Air quality should satisfy the Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095—1996) with regulation GB3095-96 for Fluoride and standard (TJ36-1979) for the maximum concentration of Chlorine, Ammonia and H2S from Industry Designing Sanitary Standards.



Besides, emission standards apply at boundaries of WWTPs:

o Emission Standards of Air Pollutant (GB16297-1996) regarding SO2, TSP and NOx, Grade II;

o Standard for Pollutant Discharge of Sewage Treatment Plants in Cities and Towns (GB18918-2002), regarding Ammonia, H2S, Odor and Methane, Grade II.

3.3.3 Noise Finally, noise level at the boundary of industrial enterprises shall comply with the Standard for Noise Levels at the Boundary of Industrial Enterprises, Category II (GB12348-90).

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE SDEP II SUB-PROJECTS


4 Description of the SDEP II Sub-Projects

4.1 Sub-project objectives The SDEP II sub-projects cover the sectors of water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, and solid waste management. As such, they all fit into the regional planning objectives to improve and develop water supply and wastewater management infrastructure, in order to:

− meet the increasing domestic and industrial water demand in the future; − support urban growth and economic development; − ensure a healthy water supply to all; − reduce water and soil pollution by domestic and industrial effluents; − improve the inhabitants’ health conditions and quality of life.

River engineering works are included – as a component of the wastewater collection works – in 3 of the subprojects. In summary, the 9 sub-projects cover 15 sectoral sub-components:

− Water supply: 2 sub-components; − Wastewater treatment: 7 sub- components; − River rehabilitation linked to waster water collection: 3 sub- components; − Solid waste: 3 sub- components.

Besides these environmental and economic development objectives, the sub-projects include provisions for ensuring their financial sustainability and strengthening the local institutional capacity.



Table 4.1 Sub-project objectives

Sub-project location

Component Objectives

Gaomi Water Supply

Wastewater collection and treatment

��meet the increasing domestic and industrial water demand in the future;

��reduce water and soil pollution by domestic and industrial effluents;

��improve the inhabitants’ health conditions and quality of life;

��switch from fluorine polluted groundwater to surface water supply.

Huantai Water Supply


��increase water supply capacity to meet the growing demand, mostly from industry;

��replace groundwater resource with surface water resources;

��improve the river water quality;

��improve the local environmental conditions.

Weihai Wastewater collection

��extend sewage network to improve wastewater collection, in parallel with building a new WWTP;

��improve local environmental conditions, river and seawater quality.

Yantai Wastewater collection and treatment

��improve the environment to keep the city attractive for tourists and businessmen;

��improve the environment and quality of living of the inhabitants;

��improve the seawater quality, meet the objectives of the Bohai Sea program, prevent damages to aquaculture;

��support the predicted urban and economic growth;

Qixia Wastewater collection and treatment

River rehabilitation

��provide a new development zone with sanitation;

��improve the economic development potential of the area; ��improve local environmental health conditions; ��improve the quality and environment of the rivers; ��comply with flood prevention standards; ��protect the sewers along the river.

Weifang Wastewater collection


��create a river landscape in the urban area;

��comply with national specifications on Flood Control;

��protect the local environment, improve people’s health and quality of living;

��support the new private WWTPs by building the sewer networks;

��protect the new sewers with river embankments;

��increase river depth;

��improve river water quality;

��increase land value.

Zaozhuang Wastewater collection


��comply with the Programme for Construction of Municipal Sewage Treatment Works for Shandong Section of East Route of South-North Water Diversion Project;

��collect wastewater to protect the local environment, improve people’s health and quality of living;

��relieve water scarcity by increasing water reuse;

��improve river water quality; ��comply with specifications on Flood Control; ��enhance the landscape in the urban area and increase land value.

Zaozhuang Solid Waste ��comply with the construction Program of the Eleventh-Five-Year Municipal Household Refuse Treatment Infrastructure of Zaozhuang City’;

��improve the local environmental conditions and quality of life around the landfill;

��solve social conflicts with local residents about the

Heze Solid Waste ��improve quality of living and health conditions of Heze urban areas’s inhabitants by collecting all the solid waste;

��replace the existing landfill which arrives at full capacity; ��avoid air, soil and water pollution caused by incorrect waste disposal.

Rizhao Solid Waste ��treat the present and future municipal waste;

��upgrade the existing landfill to decrease it environmental impact; ��improve collection system; ��improve the local environmental conditions and quality of life in the city.



4.2 Sub-project contents Designation, location, and content of the proposed components are summarized in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Summary of sub-projects contents


Component Content proposed for WB financing Related works with other financing

Gaomi Water Supply ��rehabilitation and expansion of the water plant at Chengnan from 30,000 to 45,000 m3/d;

��expansion of the water plant at Chengbei from 15,000 to 30,000 m3/d;

��new water plant at Kanjia (30,000m3/d, 80,000 m3/day in 2020)

��raw water transmission pipe (9.8km) from Xiashan reservoir to Kanjia water purification plant (1200 mm);

��clear water transmission pipe from Kanjia to Chengnan (10.3 km 1000 mm and 10.5 km 800 mm);

��76.24 km of distribution network 125-800 mm;

��upgrading of the management of the distribution network.


��sanitary sewers serving new BOT WWTP and interceptor sewers for combined system serving Chengbei WWTP (total 72 km, 500-1400 mm);

��pumping station (20,000 m3/day) to serve the new BOT WWTP;

��Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System

��WWTP (50,000 m3/d)

Huantai Water Supply ��1 raw water pumping station: 110,000 m3/d (from XinCheng reservoir)

��1 raw water transfer pipeline: 14.9 km (1000-1110)

��1 water treatment plant: 100,000 m3/d

��distribution network: 46 km (100-1100)


��1 wastewater treatment plant at Bei: 70,000 m3/d

��separate sewer network: 79 km, 300-1200 mm

��WWTP (25,000 m3/d)

Weihai Wastewater collection

��Construct transmission main pipe from Laoji PS to WWTP n°2 (1.65 km, ø1400mm);

��Replacement of treated effluent rising main (7km, 1000 mm);

��Construction of emergency outlet from WWTP n°2 to Laoji PS (1.65 km, ø1200mm)

��Construction of 63 km of trunk mains and sanitary sewers 300-1400 mm

��Upgrading of power supply and controls in Wangdao and Laoji pumping stations

��Upgrade of “WWTP2” to 160,000 m3/d

��1 new pumping station

Yantai Wastewater collection and treatment

��Upgrading and extending Xinanhe Sewage Treatment Plant from 40,000 m3/day to 120,000 m3/day;

��laying of 14 km interceptor sewers;

��building a new 40,000 m3/day pumping station at Dongbozi and extension of an existing one from 40,000 m3/day to 80,000 m3/day;

��3.2 km sea outfall extension

��1 km water reuse pipe

��WWTP in development zone

��network upgrade in newly-built area

��GEF septic tanks management

Qixia Wastewater collection and treatment

��WWTP (20,000m3/d) in New Development Zone;

��42 km of sanitary sewers and trunk collectors, separate system (300-800 mm)


��Embankments with 6 m wide service road at left bank of Baiyang River, length 4.9 km;

��1 tube rubber weir on Yandi River (1.5 m high)




Component Content proposed for WB financing Related works with other financing

Weifang Wastewater collection

��16 km interceptor sewers on each bank of Bailang River ;

��Construction of an oxidation pond

2 WWTPs (totalling 150,000 m3/d)


��Construction of 2 tube rubber and 4 concrete gated weirs (4-5 m high);

��Dredging the layer of 0.5-1.0 m sedimentm along 22 km of Bailang River (average width 110m);

��Upgrade 30 km river embankment;

��Provide park arrangements (greenery) along the upgraded section of Bailang River;

��Construction of 34.8 km of roads along the upgraded section including 2 bridges

��Removal of an old waste dump

Zaozhuang Wastewater collection

��Dongsha WWTP: construction of 13 km interceptor sewers and combined sewers (400-1500 mm).

��Xisha WWTP: construction of 28 km trunk mains and sanitary sewers (300-1400 mm)

��16.4km of D350~500 water reuse pipe

WWTP; sewage network

2 WTPs


��Dongsha River: River rehabilitation of 4.9 km, including dredging, new embankments, 7 rubber weirs (15-18 m wide, 3 m diameter); repair and upgrade of 7 bridges, 7 km walkways, landscaping and 119,000 m2 greenery.

��Xisha River: River rehabilitation of 10.2 km, including dredging, construction and upgrading of river embankment, 14 rubber weirs, repair and/or upgrading of 5 bridges, walkways, landscaping and 79,000 m2 greenery

More river rehabilitation

Solid Waste ��Remediation of an existing landfill (2,000,000 m3) and development of a system for gas recovery

Heze Solid Waste ��Development of a new waste treatment plant (660 tons/day) and sanitary landfill (2,400,000 m3). “Synthetic waste treatment” process including selecting and separating different types of waste, recycling, composting, incinerating and/or landfilling.

��Various vehicles and equipment for transport and operation.

Rizhao Solid Waste ��Extension and equipment of an existing landfill – future capacity 3,240,000 m3, service life of 18 years

��New leachate collection and liner system

��Construction of 20 waste collection units

��Various vehicles and equipment for collection, transport and on-site operation



4.2.1 Organization for sub-projects development and management

Table 4.3 Project owners and future project implementing and operation agencies


Component Project Owner Implementing Agency Management, Operation and Maintenance

Gaomi Water Supply Gaomi Water Utility Co Gaomi Water Utility Co Gaomi Water Utility Co

Wastewater Gaomi Water Utility Co Gaomi Water Utility Co Gaomi Water Utility Co

Huantai Water Supply Huantai Water Supply and Wastewater Co. Ltd

Huantai Water Supply and Wastewater Co. Ltd


Wastewater Huantai Water Supply and Wastewater Co. Ltd



Weihai Wastewater Weihai Water Management Group Company (WMGC)

Weihai Water Management Group Company (WMGC)

Weihai Water Management Group Company (WMGC)

Yantai Wastewater Yantai Municipal Drainage Amdinistration Division

Yantai Municipal Drainage Amdinistration Division

Yantai Municipal Drainage Amdinistration Division

Qixia Wastewater Qixia Dongsheng Water Supply and Sewerage Co. Ltd.

Qixia Dongsheng Water Supply and Sewerage Co. Ltd.

Qixia Dongsheng Water Supply and Sewerage Co. Ltd.

Weifang River rehabilitation

WeiFang Municipal Three Rivers Project Development Co. Ltd.

WeiFang Municipal Three Rivers Project Development Co. Ltd.

Maintenance Department of WeiFang Municipal Administration Bureau

Zaozhuang Wastewater & Solid Waste

Zaozhauang City Yiyuan Wastewater Purification Center



Heze Solid Waste HeZe City YuWa Solid Waste Treatment Co. Ltd.

HeZe City YuWa Solid Waste Treatment Co. Ltd.

HeZe City YuWa Solid Waste Treatment Co. Ltd.

Rizhao Solid Waste RiZhao Municipal Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd

RiZhao Municipal Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd

RiZhao Municipal Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd



4.3 Water Supply sector

Table 4.4 Main characteristics of water supply components

Item Unit Gaomi Huantai

1-TREATMENT FACILITIES Chengnan Chengbei Kanjia Huantai

WTP type (new or extension) - Extension Extension New New

WTP capacity m3/d From 30,000 to 45,000

From 15,000 to 30,000

2010 : 30,000

2020 : 80,000

100,000

Treatment process - Conventional coagulation-sedimentation, filtering and chlorination

Conventional coagulation-sedimentation, filtering and chlorination

Expected dry sludge production tons/yr 200 140 2010 : 140 700

Population served before project persons 260,000 95,000

Population served after project persons 2010 : 600,000 95,000 + industry

Water Sources Type & Name

Clear water from Kanjia + water fom Wangwu reservoir (on Jiao river)

Water from Beihu reservoir, through a canal from Xiashan reservoir

Xiashan reservoir (located on Wei river, connection to canal from Yellow River)

XinCheng reservoir (Yellow River)

Raw water pumping stations Capacity m3/d

- - No (gravity) 110,000

Raw water main transfer length Km - 20.8 (clear water from Kanjia)

9.8 14.4

Raw water main transfer diameter mm - 800-1000 1200 1000-1100

Intermediary water storage - Nanhu reservoir Beihu reservoir - Safety storage

Storage capacity 103 m3 Wangwu : 74,000

Nanhu : 500

Beihu : 5,000 Xiashan : 1,400,000

2.5

2-DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Distribution system length Km 97 46

Number pumping stations No. 1 - - 0

Number of reservoirs No. 1 - -

Reservoirs capacities 103 m3 6 - -

Plan to use industries’ storage capacities

3-CONSTRUCTION

09/07~11/07 11/07~03/08 03/07~09/07 Construction period (from – to) mm/yy

Transmission mains and distribution network 11/06~06/08

08/06~06/08

7,381 6,837 19,053 Earthworks (Excavation volumes) m3

Transmission mains and distribution network 412,275

35,732

0 0 0Earthworks (Fill volumes) m3


16,509.6

7,381 6,837 19,053 Earthworks (Spoil volumes) m3


19,222.4



Figure 4.1 Water treatment process for Gaomi water plants

Mixing

Coagulation-sedimentation

V-filtration

Clear-water reservoir

Secondary pumpig station

CoagulantChlorination

Chlorination

Effluent

Influent

Figure 4.2 Water intake and treatment process for Huantai water plant

Xincheng

Reservoir

Water

IntakeW

orks

Water

Transm

issionP

ipeline

LiftingP

ump

House

Reaction/S

edimentation

Tank

V-shaped

Filteing

Tank

Clean

Water

Tank

Secondary

Pum

pS

tation

Alum Dosing Chlorine Dosing

To U



4.4 Wastewater sector

4.4.1 Summary

Table 4.5 Summary for Wastewater components

Item Unit Gaomi Huantai Weihai Yantai Qixia Weifang Zaozhuang

Population served before project

165 000 86 000 300 000 210000 0 100 000 360 000

Total sewage quantity produced

m3/d Unkown 47 500 70 000 60 000 14 000 Unknown 98 000

- collected m3/d 27 075 60 000 60 000 0 100 000 73 000

- treated m3/d

35 000 of river water are treated 27 000 40 000 40 000 0 100 000 40 000

Industrial sewage m3/d >22 350 >47500 Yes, volume unknown

12 200 2 800 19 000 8 500

Recipient of non-treated wastewater

Urban creeks –

Xiaokang river

Wu River - Zhulong

River

Urban creeks and

Huanghai Sea

Xiaoyuniao River (20

000 m3/day)

and Bohai Sea

Baiyang River

Bailang River

Xisha river (33 000 m3/day)

Population served after project (2010)

258 900 311 000 390 000 500 000 80 000 123 100 420 000

Population served after project (2020)

600 000 345 000 610 000 524 200 150 000 163 000 480 000

Wastewater collected

- 2 010 or 2013

m3/d 80 000 93000 127100 156000 20000 230 000 100 000

- 2 020 m3/d 126 000 115600 214400 269000 40000 230 000 154 300

1-Treatment Facilities (p3-15)

Additionnal wastewater collection in sub-project

(2010 or 2013)

80 000 65 925 67 100 96 000 20 000 41 200 30 000

SDEP IIt WWTP type (new or extension)

- - New - Extension New - -

SDEP II new capacity - 70 000 - 80 000 20 000 - -

New WWTP capacity financed by other sources

m3/d 50 000 25 000 160 000 0 0 130 000 85 000

Total future capacity m3/d 85 000 122 000 200 000 120 000 20 000 230 000 150 000

Effluent reuse m3/d 0 (BOT WWTP : 10 000)

Unkown 0 30 000

Effluent discharged to river or sea

m3/d 70 000 70 000 120 000 20 000 20 000

Effluent Discharge Location (River)

- Xiaokang River

DongZhuLong River

then XiaoQing

River

Huanghai Sea

Huanghai Sea

Baiyang River

Bailang River

Dongsha and Xisha

Rivers




2-Sewage Network

Main interceptors length Km 6 19 7 14 Main 26, branch 15,

total 42

32 Dongsha 9, Xisha 18

Number pumping stations No. 1 - 2 2 1 1 0

Sewer network length Km 66 60 63 - 42 - Dongsha 13, Xisha

28

Main interceptors diameter mm 1200-1400 800-1200 1000 400-1200 300-800� 1600x1500

3200x2900

300-1500

3-Construction

Construction period (from – to)

mm/yy

09/06

~09/07

08/06

~06/08

12/06

~11/09

12/06

~01/08

10/06

~11/08

12/06

~01/09

12/06

~04/08

Earthworks (Excavation volumes)

m3 345,600 32,391.61 758,939 Not available at FSR stage

55,500 1,417,137 2,885,000

Earthworks (Fill volumes) m3 309,427 46,800 678,332 39,456 847,013 1,139,000

Earthworks (Spoil volumes) m3 36,173 0 80,607 16,044 570,124 1,746,000

1 Only for WWTP – no data for network available at this stage.



Box 1 – Wastewater treatment processes

The oxidation ditch is an advanced secondary biological activated sludge treatment in which wastewater flows into a ring-shaped channel instead of a rectangular aeration basin. The ditch allows for long retention times and provides zones of varying reaction, leading to better removal of biodegradable organic material.

The A/O process (Anaerobic/Oxic) improves upon the activated sludge process by using an anaerobic selector to develop a selective biomass that is naturally reoccurring in nearly all treatment plants. The process enhances phosphorus removal while reducing sludge-bulking organisms.



Box 1 – Wastewater treatment processes (continued)

The A2/O process (Anoxic/Anaerobic/Oxic) is similar to the A/O process, however anoxic tanks are incorporated into the treatment scheme. The anoxic tanks are located after the anaerobic selector and prior to the oxic reactors. Nitrates are returned to the anoxic tanks from the oxic reactors via a pumped internal recycle line. The oxic, or aerated, zone has "free oxygen" (O2) available for microbiological respiration; the anoxic zone has nitrate; and the anaerobic zone has neither.

The table below shows typical efficiencies of pollutant removal for the different processes.

Estimated effluent quality of different wastewater processes

BOD mg/l SS mg/l NH3-N N TP mg/l P removal %

Influent 174 172 7.5

Effluent

Activated sludge 22 20 10-15* 5.86 21.8

Oxidation ditch 3-30 4-32 1-5* (N removal approx

70%)

AO 11-20 20 4.12 45.1

AAO 5-10 (average

8)*

0.2 – 5 (average

1)*

AAO + dephosphorization 10 20 1.00 86.7

Sources:

Estimation Of Costs Of Phosphorus Removal In Wastewater, F. Jiang, M.B. Beck, R.G. Cummings, K. Rowles, and D. Russell, June 2004.

UNEP: Appropriate Technology for Sewage Pollution Control in the Wider Caribbean Region.



4.4.2 Wastewater Treatment Processes The table below presents the wastewater treatment processes chosen for the new WWTPs.

Table 4.6 Wastewater treatment processes of WWTPs proposed for World Bank financing

Sub-project Final design capacity m3/day

Process

2 Huantai – new WWTP 70,000 A/O

5 Yantai – upgrade and extension of WWTP 120,000 A2/O + chemical dephosphorization + disinfection

6 Qixia – new WWTP 20,000 Oxidation ditch, advanced sludge treatment

4.4.3 Associated river works

Table 4.7 River Rehabilitation Works associated to Wastewater components

Sub-project

River Km of river rehabilitation

River dredging Flood protection

Yandi river 2.35 No 20 year return period

Qixia

Baiyang river 4.90 No 50 year return period

Weifang Bailang river 16 1,940,000 m3 100 year return period

Dongsha river 4.9 37,000 m3 20 year return period

Zaozhuang

Xisha river 10.2 102,000 m3 20 year return period

4.4.4 Water reuse The SDEP II project includes facilities to reuse treated water from WWTPs in Yantai and Zaozhuang.

Table 4.8 Water reuse facilities

Item Unit Yantai Zaozhuang- effluent from Dongsha WWTP

Zaozhuang- effluent from Xisha WWTP

WWTP Xinanhe Dongsha Xisha

Treated Effluent Production m3/d No info 10,000 20,000

Length of treated effluent pipe km 1 5.7 10.7

Diameter of treated effluent pipe

mm 300 350 500

Type of reuse - Irrigation (agreement with Yantai Garden Administration Department)

Replenishment of Dongsha river (discharge at railway bridge)

Replenishment of Xisha river (discharge at Xisha bridge)



4.5 Solid Waste sector Main characteristics of Solid Waste components are presented in the table below. Figure 4.3 below shows the flowchart for waste treatment at Heze Municipal Solid Waste treatment plant. The characteristics of Zaozhuang landfill remediation project are shown in Table 4.10.

Table 4.9 Main characteristics of Heze and Rizhao sub-components

Item Unit Heze Rizhao

Current population served 361,400 (2003) 430,000

Future population served 500,000 (2010) ; 680,000 (2020) 680,000 (2014) 890,000 (2023)

SW production per day (2005, 2010, 2020)

t/d 464, 568, 738 379, 494, 778

SW collection per day (2005, 2010, 2020)

426, 568, 738 379, 494, 778

Collection system (No. handcarts, bins, compactor trucks,…)

- Not included in the project 20 waste collection stations, 20 5-ton transport vehicles, 40 waste containers, 10 street cleaning vehicles, 10 street washing vehicles, 10 5-ton construction and demolition waste transport vehicles, 2 loaders, 2 excavators

Facility description Waste treatment plant (separating, recycling, composting) + landfill

Landfill (extension)

Capacity t/d Total 660, composting 304, landfill 280

500

Landfill area ha 13.55 N/A (landfill occupies a natural valley)

Land acquisition ha 24.4 No

Landfill storage capacity 103 m3 2,400 3,200

Life duration of landfill year 18 18

Distance from city km 8 15

Bottom lining Yes Yes

Leachate production tons/day 126 300

Leachate collection system Yes Yes

Leachate storage volume m3 15,000 60,000

Leachate on-site treatment - A/O A2/O

Leachate final disposal - WWTP WWTP

Earthworks excavations m3 176,300 150,000

Earthworks fill m3 262,710 170,000

Biogas recovery system - Yes Yes

Biogas destination Burnt Use on plant, then used by households ; rest is burnt

Biogas production 3,000,000 m3/year 4,818,000 Nm3/year



Table 4.10 Main characteristics of Zaozhuang Solid Waste sub-project

Item Unit Zaozhuang

Current population served Persons 340,000

SW collection (current) tons/day 500

Landfill area Ha 3.26

Remaining storage capacity 103 m3 1,500

Distance from city km 1

Bottom lining Impossible ; vertical clay dam

Leachate collection system Yes

Leachate production tons/day max 252 m3/d

Leachate management 2 alternatives are being discussed (cf 6.7.3.3): direct discharge into WWTP or treatment

Biogas recovery system - Yes

Biogas destination Burnt in a first phase, used as fuel later on

Biogas production m3/year 13,795,800 m3 in the first year, decreasing to 416,600m3 after 15 years

Figure 4.3 Summary of Heze synthetic waste treatment process. See detailed flow charts in appendix

Weigh, measure and separate

Primary waste

Waste water (pool)

Primary fermentation

Secondary fermentation

Landfill

Coarse composting

Incineration (current incinerator)

Selection

Burning residuals

Recyclable materials (sell)

Gaseous emissions

Leachate

Biogas

Gaseous emissions

Tertiary treatment City sewage



4.5.1 Yantai GEF Component There are currently 6,887 septic tanks in the collecting area of Xinanhe WWTP. Their management causes problems from the environmental, financial and organizational points of view. GEF financing has been asked to establish a better management system. The planned activities are:

o Design of septic tanks policy and servicing institution o Investigations and design of septage collection system and facilities o Design/ modification of sewage/septage WWTP o Conduct of workshops, building consensus and prepare stakeholder plan o Dissemination and replication o Preparation of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plan o Conduct study/exchange visits

4.6 Projects Compliance with National and Municipal Strategies

As shown in the above sections, all the sub-projects are in compliance with national and municipal strategies:

− they comply with the overall national and provincial policies for a better environmental protection;

− they comply with the national and provincial policies to improve wastewater treatment, particularly regarding the coastal area and the route of the South-North Water Diversion project;

− they comply with the requirements for flood protection; − many comply with the policies encouraging to reuse water, save energy and

reduce GHG emissions; − they comply with the urban master plans, which all predict future urban growth

and economic development, and underline the need for urban infrastructure.

5 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS


5 Baseline environmental conditions

5.1 Physical environment

5.1.1 General – Shandong Province Shandong is part of the North China Plain in North-Eastern China. It borders the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea and is crossed by the Yellow River. The Taishan-Yimeng mountainous terrains lay in the center of the Province. The mountains are surrounded by the fluvial plains of the Huanghe (Yellow River) to the west, of the Huai to the southwest, and of the Jaolai river system between the mainland and Jiaodong peninsula. The center of the peninsula is hilly. The Xiaoqing River originates in Jinan and crosses Shandong from West to East. A Canal transfers water from the Huang He (Yellow River) to Qingdao.



Many of the rivers in Shandong Province are non-permanent, and discharge only during the summer. Reservoirs have been built on the rivers to store the water in summer and provide flood protection.

5.1.2 Climate Shandong has a warm temperate zone continental monsoon climate. The four seasons are clearly differentiated:

o summer: southern wind with high temperatures and rainfall; o winter: northern wind with dry cold weather; o spring; dry with much wind; o autumn: fresh and sometimes overcast and rainy.

Multi-year average annual temperatures vary from 12.4 to 13.8°C, increasing from the North-Eastern seaboard to the West and the South (14.5 in Zaozhuang). The frost-free period is around 200 days. The average precipitation (1954-1984) is between 575 and over 800 mm. Precipitations almost fall entirely in the summer, therefore most rivers are seasonal. Shandong has suffered a drought period from approx. 1998 to 2002, with more normal conditions returning in 2003. Local wind conditions are shown in the table below.

Table 5.1 Particular local wind conditions

City Principal wind direction and speed

Gaomi SSE

Huantai SSW E

Weihai NW in winter

S in summer

Yantai SSW-SW-WSW

Qixia N in winter S in summer

Weifang N in winter S in summer

Zaozhuang ENE

Heze N/SSE

Rizhao N



5.1.3 Local topography and hydrology Natural rivers in Shandong are generally of a temporary character and many rivers are regulated and fed by reservoirs. Local hydrography is described below.

5.1.3.1 Gaomi

Gaomi is located between Shandong’s central mountaineous area and the Jiaodong peninsula, in the low area of the Jiaolai river system. The altitude in Gaomi decreases from approx. 100 m in the South-West to approx. 10 m in the North. The Northern area is mainly a quaternary alluvial floodplain system. The main rivers (Wei River, Liugou river and Jiao River) flow from South to North and discharge into the Jaolai river. Xiashan revervoir on the Wei river is used for water supply and irrigation. Wangdu reservoir on the Jiao river is used for flood control and water supply; Xiaokang and Xiaoxin rivers are smaller rivers in the urban area. The water smells and the rivers are littered with rubbish.

5.1.3.2 Huantai

Huantai is located in the Northern coastal area of Shandong Province, in the Huang He alluvial plain, with terrain relief sloping from southwest to northeast. The highest point is 29.5m and lowest point 5.7~6.8m above sea level. The northern part, typical of shallow lakes and lowland, is water clogged throughout the year due to its low relief. Huantai County is in the Yellow River basin. Most of the rivers originate from the Central Shandong Mountainous Region and flows northwards into the Jinqiu and Mata Lakes and then into the Xiaoqing River. The territory also hosts a number of ravines like the Dazhai Ravine and Dayai Ravine and 123 irrigation/drainage channels. Water is scarce, groundwater levels depleting, and surface water is heavily polluted.

5.1.3.3 Weihai

Yantai is located at the end of Jiaodong peninsula, on the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea. The urban rivers flow into the sea. Water is provided by reservoirs: Mishan Reservoir, Guogezhuang Reservoir, Yekou Reservoir, Suoqianbo Reservoir, Gushan Reservoir and the closure work in the Shijiahe River. Main rivers are Wangdaohe river and Shijiahe River.

5.1.3.4 Yantai

Yantai is located at the end of Jiaodong peninsula, on the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The coastal plain is flat, while towards the South, the hinterland is hilly (altitude ca. 100 m), and the altitude decreases again further on towards the South. The deep rock nature is granite. The rivers flow from the south into the Sea. The main surface water resources are from reservoirs. The Xioahyniao river in the city receives untreated sewage from Mouping. The river smells and looks bad. The trees and crops growing along the river are affected.



5.1.3.5 Qixia

Rivers in Qixia are characterized by their seasonal intermittent flow supplied by the rain. The rivers involved in the project are Baiyang River and Yandi River. Baiyang River flows into Fushan District (Yantai) with a main watercourse length of 45km. Baiyang Reservoir is a Grade II drinking source protected river with Anli Reservoir upstream and Menlou Reservoir downstream. And Yandi River joins Baiyang River with a main watercourse length of 6.7km. The river is mainly supplied by the domestic and industrial wastewater from Qixia Municipality and Qixia Economy Development Zone.

Qixia – Yandi river (april) Qixia – Baiyang river (october)

5.1.3.6 Weifang

The main rivers going through the urban area include Bailang River, Yuhe River, Zhangmian River, Daxu River, Xiaoxu River, Zhuohe River, Baisha River and Weishui River, the biggest one of which is Bailang River with a basin area of 1237km2 and a total length of 127 km. Bailang River is a seasonal river totally supplied by the Bailang River Reservoir and the rainwater. It originates from Dagu Mountain in the Changle County of Weifang, then goes 21.7 km through the urban area and finally joins the Laizhou Bay of Bohai Sea. Bailang River Reservoir located to the south of Weifang urban area is a Class II reservoir with the total capacity of 147.8m3, which is mainly used for flood prevention, water supply for industry and urban ecology, irrigation, etc.



5.1.3.7 Zaozhuang

There are 3 main rivers within the city area: QiCun Tributary, Xisha River, and Dongsha River, which are seasonal rivers, with abundant water in rainy seasons but almost no stream during dry seasons.

Zaozhuang Dongsha river in september Zaozhuang Xisha river in September

5.1.3.8 Heze

Heze is mostly located in the Huaihe River Basin, and partly in the Yellow River catchment. The Yellow River goes through the city on the north-west boundary and is an important extra water source of Heze Municipality. The other water systems in the municipality are Zhuzhao New River, Dongyu River, Wanfu River, Taihangdi River and the Old Canal of Yellow River, most of which belongs to seasonal rivers. Zhushui River originates in Heze and is running near the project site. It joins Zhuzhao New River, which joins Nanyang Lake in Liuguan Tun, the suburban area of Ji’ning Municipality.

5.1.3.9 Rizhao

Rizhao at the foot of Yimeng mountain system, and the topography is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, tilting from inland to the ocean. There are four river systems running through Rizhao city: Futuan River, Mu River, Wei River and Liangcheng River. Futuan River is the largest among them, with total length of 73.5 km and a catchment area of 1060 km2. Rizhao reservoir (currently source of Rizhao municipal water supply) and Maling reservoir have been built on the middle and upper stream of the FuTong River and its contributories.



5.1.4 Flood risk The table below shows the people and areas of land currently potentially affected by flooding in Qixia, Weifang and Zoazhuang.

Table 5.2 People and area currently affected by flooding

City People affected by flooding Area affected by flooding (km2)

Qixia 13,000 10

Weifang 280,000 46.8

Zaozhuang – Dongsha catchment 65,000 7.2

Zaozhuang – Xisha catchment 118,000 13.1

5.1.5 Surface Water Quality The rivers in urban area are generally of a bad quality and do not reach Class III. The available monitoring data are provided in Annex 3.

Table 5.3 Water quality of local rivers

Location Water body Target Water quality class

Pollutant exceeding the limit

Monitoring data

Gaomi Rivers in urban area

IV Class IV CODCr, BOD5, NH3-N, NO3-N and F-

Annex 3

Huantai DongZhuLong River

III usptream, IV downstream

Worse than IV CODcr BOD5 NH3-N Volatile phenols, oil

Annex 3

Baiyang River, upstream WWTP

II V DO, COD, BOD5, Petrol, Total P

Qixia

Baiyang River, downstream WWTP

II >V (see table below)

DO, COD, BOD5, Petrol, NH3-N, Total P

Annex 3

Weifang Bailang River Class II-III upstream Weifang, Class V downstream

Class II-III upstream Weifang, Class V downstream

COD, BOD5, F-, petroleum

No monitoring, data from environmental report

Zaozhuang Dongsha and Xisha

III Class V COD, BOD5, NH3, P Annex 3

Heze Zhushui III Class IV or V COD, petroleum Annex 3

Rizhao Futuan River IV Class IV Annex 3



5.1.6 Groundwater Groundwater is relatively well available in Shandong and many cities rely on groundwater supply. However, groundwater tables have been decreasing and the groundwater is often polluted. Among the cities concerned by SDEP II, groundwater satisfies Class III requirement only in Qixia and Rizhao. In other places, it is more or less polluted with Coliforms, meaning a probable contamination from wastewater. Hydrogeology of each sub-project location is described in Table 5.4 below. See summary on groundwater quality in Table 5.5 below. The detailed groundwater monitoring data are provided in Annex 3.

Table 5.4 Hydrogeology

City Presence and quantity

Gaomi ��shallow groundwater easily available in Northern lowlands

��deep groundwater resource in the higher Southern area

��shallow water in western area used locally for drinking

��groundwater from the Jiao basin for water supply to Gaomi

Huantai ��shallow quaternary phreatic water (<50 m below surface)

��deep artesian water of good quality

��water supply from 300-320 m depth

��the underground water flows from south to north

��overexploitation, the water level lowers 2.3 m per year

Weihai ��no data in EIA, but probably similar to Yantai: phreatic groundwater, flows to the north

Yantai ��phreatic water of the Quaternary Period, depth is between 2 3.5 m;

��flows from the southwest to the northeast

Qixia ��shallow groundwater is found at depth 3.80-4.60m

Weifang ��groundwater is used for drinking water supply

Zaozhuang - wastewater

Groundwater is used for water supply.

Depth:

��Dongsha catchment: 2.70-3.00m

��Xisha catchment: 2.60-3.00m

��deep groundwater is good in general, only hardness slightly exceeds the standard, which is related to natural geological conditions;


Locally on landfill site:

��based on the description local wells, the depth of the underground water is about 7-8m;

��flows from from east to west

Heze ��shallow groundwater of drinking water quality is available from wells in the surroundings ca. 20 m deep

��the groundwater flow is south-east direction according to EA, north according to FSR;

��from boreholes monitoring, the stable groundwater level is 0.60-2.00m under the ground, with corresponding elevation of 8.30-8.80m

Rizhao ��The groundwater at the landfill constitutes an independent hydrological unit, belonging to the hydrological system of Rizhao reservoir, but located downstream of the reservoir. The 30 households at Lijiadingzi village use other sources for drinking water. Surface and groundwater circulates in NNE direction with the slope. This means that the village is located downstream the site. Runoff in dry season is 2-3 m3/hour.



Table 5.5 Current groundwater quality (Target is Class III)

Location Monitoring points Parameters exceeding class III

Water quality class

Monitoring data

Gaomi Kanjia Fluoride, bacteria, Coli, hardness

> III

Chengnan Fluoride, bacteria, Coli > III

Chengbei Bacteria, Coli > III

Annex 3

Huantai 5 points Total hardness, chloride, fluoride, sulphate, total coliforms

>III Annex 3

Weihai HuanCuiLou and glassware plant

Coliforms > III Annex 3

Yantai No monitoring

Qixia 2 points near WWTP site None III Annex 3

Weifang Most drinking water sources, Weifang environmental report 2004

NH3-N All but 1 point : III

Weifang environmental report 2004

Zaozhuang 7 points on Dongsha and Xisha river banks, sep 7-8, 2005

Coliforms (for 2 points) 5 points : III

2 points: >III

Annex 3

Heze 5 points around the site Coliforms, hardness > III Annex 3

Rizhao 4 monitoring points plus 3 monitoring wells

None III Annex 3

5.1.7 Seawater

5.1.7.1 The Bohai Sea

The Bohai Sea is the largest internal sea in the People’s Republic of China. It is a critical habitat for some important migratory species. The Bohai Sea also accounts for one-third of the national ocean contribution to the gross domestic product. Fishery, salt production, transportation and oil and gas development have long been pillars of local economy in the coastal areas. In recent years, governments of Liaoning, Hebei and Shandong provinces and Tianjin Municipality around the rim have set ambitious goals on the development of the ocean-based economy. The long-term sustainability of the Bohai Sea however is threatened by pollution. Water quality in forty percent of the Bohai Sea was estimated to be below national standards. The overall water exchange between the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, through the Bohai Strait, takes sixteen years. This means the persistent pollutants will remain in ’enclosed ponds’ for at least this period. In addition, biological diversity has been damaged and some ocean resources are on the verge of exhaustion due to rampant fishing activities. A red tide covering 350 sq m was monitored in the western area of Liaodong Bay in July 2000.



5.1.7.2 Seawater quality

YANTAI

Seawater quality has been monitored at 9 locations. Xinanhe WWTP currently discharges into the sea through an offshore outlet. At 1# measurement point, the reactive phosphate, oils and inorganic nitrogen were found 2-3 times above the standard levels, which implicates that offshore hydrodynamic conditions are of little effect to the pollutants dispersion, and the phase I offshore outlet has to some extent contaminated the environment. For pH, measure points 1#, 2#, 8# and 9# are not to the standards.

Table 5.6 Location of seawater monitoring points for Yantai

•

•

•

• • • •

• • •

1#

2#

3#

4#

5#

6#

7# 8

# 9#

121°32 E

121°35 E

37°2

6N

37

°28

N

WEIHAI

The parameters are compliant with Seawater Quality Standards (GB3097-1997) Grade III requirements.

Table 5.7 Seawater quality targets

Sub-project Target

Weihai Class III

Yantai Cass II (bathing)

Mixing area of WWTP oulet



View of Weihai The Bohai sea and surrounding Provinces

5.1.8 Soils The soil in the region varies a lot and there are five major groups, namely fluvo-aquic soil, cinnamon soil, brown soil and shajiang black soil and young paddy soil, and 16 sub-divisions.

5.1.9 Seismic risk The construction regulations in Shandong Province require that buildings be resisteant to earthquakes of degree 7.

5.2 Ecology

5.2.1 General The Province is mainly agricultural land and urban area, and suffers from a lack of forestation. Wetlands and water bodies can be of some ecological interest (see below).

5.2.2 Wetlands At the mouth of the Yellow River, 1,500 km2 of coastal wetland have been declared a nature reserve, Dongying Yellow River Delta. The area houses many species of birds, including rare and protected ones, and is a stop for migratory birds. The delta region serves as a stopover for the red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) and the Siberian crane (G. leucogeranus). The rare Saunders’ gull (Larus saundersi), listed as vulnerable by IUCN and BirdLife International (2000), uses the Huang He Delta as one of its four global breedng sites.



5.2.3 Aquatic Ecology & Fisheries Limited information does exist on the aquatic ecology of rivers and lakes. Water pollution in the areas concerned by the project has seriously altered habitats and biodiversity. The offshore waters are rich in fish, prawns and kelp, and aquaculture is an important activity for Yantai. Overfishing and nutrient emissions from aquaculture threaten the Bohai Sea.

5.2.4 Terrestrial Vegetation & Wildlife, protected or restricted areas around SDEP II sub-projects

Due to the location of the SDEP II sub-projects either in urban areas or sub-urban agricultural land, there are no ecologically sensitive areas neither protected areas identified within impact distance of the project sites.

5.3 Socio-economic environment

5.3.1 Population Available population data for the different sub-project locations are given below.

Table 5.8 Population in sub-project cities

Item Current 2 010 2 013 2 020

Gaomi 260 000 (central area)

350 000 395 000 500 000

Gaomi WS area 446 000 562 000 607 000 712 000

Huantai 177 000 311 000 345 000

Weihai 590 000 1 250 000

Yantai 343 000 500 000 524 200

Qixia 40 000 80 000 (development

zone)

150 000

Weifang 976 000 1 300 000 1 500 000 1 800 000

Zaozhuang 387 000

Heze 380 000 530 000 720 000

Rizhao 280 000 500 000

5.3.2 Mineral resources, agriculture, energy and industry The province has large deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron, diamonds and bauxite. Its gold output ranks first in China. The Shengli Oilfield, the country’s second biggest crude-oil producer, is located in northwestern Shandong near where the Yellow River discharges into the Bohai Gulf.



Shandong has a long history of tobacco and tussah growth. It is also a famous temperate fruit grower. The apples of Yantai, the pears of Laiyang, the small dates of Leling and the watermelons of Dezhou are particularly well known. It is also a major producer of wheat, corn, cotton and other corps. Its peanut production accounts for a quarter of the nation’s total. Xindian in Zibo is an emerging chemical industrial center. Shandong is the second producer of crude oil of China and benefits from a large investment in nuclear power.

Table 5.9 Main resources

No. City Agriculture Industry Services

1 Gaomi Grains, cotton Minerals, processing of wild Chinese medicines and agricultural products

Trade

2 Huantai Wheat, corn cotton vegetable

Pulp, light textile, machiney, chemical industry, furniture, building materials, processing of agricultural and sideline products

3 Ji’ning Wheat, corn, rice, cotton, peanut, fruit, vegetables, livestock products, and fishes

Coal and power generation

4 Weihai Wheat , corn, peanut, soyabean

minerals Tourism

5 Yantai Tourism, trade

6 Qixia Fruit, forestry, fishery, stockbreeding

Processing and manufacture Tourism

7 Weifang Wheat, corn, cotton, peanut, fruit, vegetables, livestock products

Machinery, ocean chemistry, textile and clothing, paper making and packaging, food processing, electronic information

Tourism trade

8-9 Zaozhuang Minerals, cement, plaster, coal, building materials, textile, pulp, chemicals, machinery, medicines and foods

10 Heze Green products Chemicals, processing of agricultural products

Trade

11 Rizhao Wheat, corn, peanut, sweet patato

Pulp, textile, brewage, machinery process, chemical industry, building material, electronics



5.3.3 Revenue

Table 5.10 Annual revenue per capita

City Annual revenue per capita, RMB

Gaomi 8848

Huantai 11675

Weihai 11673

Yantai 12273

Qixia 10431

Weifang 10626

Zoazhuang 8350

Heze 6951

Rizhao 9758

5.3.4 Cultural and archaeological values The table below shows that no cultural or archaeological values have been identified in the sub-project EIA reports.

Table 5.11 Cultural and archaeological values

Location Site with cultural relics or historical value

Gaomi No

Jining No

Huantai Not within 2 km around the site

Weihai Scenic spots, historical relics. No description available yet in EIA.

Qixia Not within 200 m around the site

Yantai No

Weifang No – certificate from relics bureau available

Zaozhuang No

Heze Cultural relics have been found nearest one at Lugudui site 3.0km away from the site

Rizhao No

5.3.5 Air Quality The general air quality and emissions of current WWTPs are conform to the environmental quality standards. But air quality problems (H2S) are encountered in Zaozhuang, Heze and Rizhao, and the measured dust concentrations are too high in Heze.



Table 5.12 Baseline Air Quality Monitoring Results

Sub-project

Monitoring points Environmental Air Quality GB3095-1996

WWTP pollutant emissions standard (GB18918-2002)

Emissions TJ36-79

Gaomi Current WTPs and locations of future Kanjia WTP and PS

Conform

Huantai Current WTP and WWTP Conform Cl2 conform

Weihai Existing WWTP, residential areas, Laoji pumping station

Conform Conform Conform

Yantai Current Xinanhe WWTP-boundary of plant

Conform

Odour not monitored

Qixia 1 point near future WWTP site Conform Conform

Weifang No monitoring, environmental report Conform

Zaozhuang Different locations on river banks H2S non conform

Heze Map to be provided TSP non conform H2S non conform

Rizhao 3 points on river banks, residential area

Conform H2S non conform

5.3.6 Noise The average noise grade is 51.3-55.6 db in daytime and 42.2-47.2 db during night, meeting the standard for Class II. Monitoring data are missing for Zaozhuang. Date and frequency of monitoring is not always given. Noise levels of existing WWTP in Yantai is not conform during the night.

Table 5.13 Summary of baseline Noise Quality Monitoring Results

Sub-project Monitoring location Conformity with Class II (GB3096-93)

Gaomi Current WTPs – current PS - site of future WTP

Conform

Huantai Current WTP and WWTP Conform

Weihai 8 on WWTP/P.S. boundary P.5-7 see below Conform

Yantai WWTP-boundary of plant One point not conform at night

Qixia 4 points around WWTP Conform

Weifang Various points (environmental report) Non conform at night in Linqu county, 60km away from Weifang

Zaozhuang No monitoring

Heze Boundary of future plant ? Conform

Rizhao One point at LiJiaDengZi Village near landfill Conform



5.3.7 Industrial Wastewater Emissions Data on industrial wastewater emissions are presented in annex 3 for Gaomi, Huantai, Qixia, Yantai, Qixia, Weifang and Zaozhuang. Almost all industries have wastewater pre-treatment facilities in Yantai; there is no information available for the other cities.

Table 5.14 Industrial sewage


Sewage quantity produced m3/d Unkown 47 500 70 000 60 000 14 000 Unknown 98 000

Of which industrial sewage m3/d 22 350 Some Some 12 200 2 800 19 000 8 500

Clarifier of the paper mill WWTP in Huantai Zaozhuang Power Plant



5.4 Location and environment of the future construction sites

The tables below show the distance to residential area, the landuse around the sites, and possible specific issues or sensitive sites to take into account for each location.

Table 5.15 Distance to residential area and landuse on/around the site

Sub-project Site Minimum distance to residential area (m)

Landuse around the site

Huantai

Future WTP 600 Farmland

Future WWTP 1400 Abandoned land

Yantai Current WWTP 2000 Farmland

Qixia Future WWTP ?? 85% apple trees, 10% farmland and 5% aspens

Zaozhuang Landfill site ?? Old factory

Heze Landfill site 900 (4 villages around) Nursery base, flower garden and lawn

Rizhao Landfill 900 (Lijiadingzi village, 30 households) Tea plantations

Table 5.16 Sensitive sites or specific issues for sub-project locations

Sub-project Sensitive area

Huantai Mata lake, Jinqiu lake

Weihai Bohai Sea, TianLeWan coastal zone, 8 km

Yantai Bohai Sea; bathing beach, aquaculture, desalination plant

Qixia Shallow goundwater as Class II drinking water source protection area along Baiyang River (within 2km)

Menlou Reservoir downstream of Baiyang River with the minimum requirements of GB3838-20002 Class III

Sensitive sites along Yandi river, will be impacted by noise during construction

Weifang Bohai Sea

Zaozhuang wastewater No particular sensitive area

Zaozhuang landfill There are several farmers around old refuse piling field, abandoned alcohol plant, a train platform for freight 700 m south

Parks and forests are mentioned as sites of value in the EIA.

Heze Groundwater for drinking around

Rizhao Groundwater downstream – not for drinking

6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION


6 Impact Assessment & Mitigation

6.1 Impact Screening The tables below list the environmental impacts of the Project during Construction and Operation Stages. Each impact is further analyzed and mitigation measures are described in sections 6.2 to 6.7.



Table 6.1 Screening of potential impacts associated with sub- projects location

Activities potentially affecting Environmental Resources and Values

Potential Damages or Benefits to the Natural or Social Environment

Typical Mitigation Gaomi Huant

ai Weihai Yantai Qixia Wei-

fang Zhaozhuang

Zaozhuang SW

Heze Rizhao

Encroachment into productive systems (as agriculture)

Loss of production Relocation Compensation

2 2 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 0

Impairment of transportation (access to fields or settlement)

Relocation Rehabilitation or replacement of previous access

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Destruction of built-up properties

Loss of private properties Relocation Compensation Resettlement

0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0

Loss of public infrastructures Relocation Compensation or replacement

0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0

Encroachment into areas of ecological value

Destruction of forested area Relocation Compensation Revegetation

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

Destruction of special biodiversity

Relocation Reduction of land requirement

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Encroachment into protected area: National park, natural reserve,

Relocation Reduction of land requirement

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Impairment of natural drainage and flood risk

Relocation Drainage facilities

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? 1 1

Facilitated access to sensitive areas with risk of illegal or uncontrolled encroachment

Relocation of road Control of illegal settlers during operation phase

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Encroachment on historical or cultural values (graves, relicts,)

Cultural loss Relocation, Compensation (Public consultation)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Encroachment on areas with mineral resources

Loss of mineral resources Relocation. Compensation. Exploitation before works start if feasible

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Impairment of natural land drainage

Flooding, water logging, acidification of soils

Relocation Respect of drainage by appropriate structures

?? 1 1

Presence of infrastructure in an open landscape

Detrimental impact on landscape or tourist activities

Relocation Adapted design Visual protection

2 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0



Table 6.2 Screening of potential impacts associated with sub-project construction


Potential Damages or Benefits to the Natural or Social Environment Typical Mitigation

1 Gao

mi

2 Hu

antai

4 Weih

ai

5 Yan

tai

6 Qixia

7 Weifan

g

8 Zh

aozh

uan

g

9 Zao

zhuan

g

– S

olid

9 Heze

10 Rizh

ao

Temporary use of land for camps, storage, etc

Loss of original land use/production Compensation Contractor’s obligations Monitoring

2 2 0 2 2 0 0 ?? 0 0

Vegetation clearing Loss of forest or fruit tree plantation Clearing method Demarcation of area Monitoring of activity

2 1 0 0 1 0 0 ?? 0 0

Access to remote or natural areas

Risk of increased hunting or poaching Contractor’s obligations (control of its workers) Monitoring

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nuisances from earthworks

Soil erosion and sediment transport Contractor’s obligations (drainage & sedimentation ponds) Monitoring

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Creation of borrow and spoil areas with erosion if inappropriately protected

Contractor’s Obligations to submit a Spoil and Borrow areas management Plan

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Dust emission Contractor’s obligations (watering) Monitoring

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

River Dredging Removal of contaminated sediment may release pollution during removal and disposal operations

Dredging method Conditions for disposal (containment or treatment). Monitoring

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

Transport of materials & equipment

Dust & noise Public safety

Contractor’s obligations regarding trucks maintenance, drivers training, road signs & Monitoring

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Worker employment & concentration

Recruitment of local manpower to maximise benefits for local population and minorities

Contractor’s obligations Monitoring

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Health & safety hazards to workers and surrounding resident population

Contractor’s obligations regarding H&S management Monitoring

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Pollution of streams by polluted effluents

Contractor’s obligations (Sanitation & waste management) Monitoring

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1





1 Gao

mi

2 Hu

antai

4 Weih

ai

5 Yan

tai

6 Qixia

7 Weifan

g

8 Zh

aozh

uan

g

9 Zao

zhu

ang

– S

olid

9 Heze

10 Rizh

ao

Storage & handling of HazMat

Leakages or accidental spill polluting surface water or aquifers, with effects on aquatic ecosystems & fisheries

Contractor’s obligations (design of storage & handling procedures) Monitoring. Spill Emergency Response Plan

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Use of heavy machinery Noise & air emission nuisance for nearby residents

Contractor’s obligations Monitoring

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Solid waste production Pollution of soil, river and aquifer Waste management Plan Contractor’s obligations Monitoring

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Burning of waste Hazardous air emissions if chemicals burnt

Waste management Plan Contractor’s obligations Monitoring

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

End of construction and closure of camps

Inappropriate restoration of sites Contractor’s obligation to prepare a Restoration Plan for each site. Payment to be attached to each restoration program

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



Table 6.3 Screening of potential impacts associated with water supply sub-projects operation



1 Gaomi

2 Huantai

Operation of WTP Noise Monitoring Specifications for equipment Maintenance obligations

2 2

Reduction of river flow Preservation of minimum river flow Monitoring

12 13

Production of sludge Pollution from flocculants if inappropriate management of sludge

Quality monitoring Detailed sludge management plan

2 2

Raw water pollution Chemical pollution of supplied water Monitoring of raw water Resource protection plan Emergency response plan

1 1

Bacteriological pollution of supplied water Monitoring of raw water Resource protection plan Treatment process

1 1

Improved water supply Increase of wastewater resulting in water-logging or river pollution if inappropriate sewerage

Combine water supply with sanitation when required

1 1

Improvement of health & quality of life N.A.

- -

Risk of inappropriate quality of water distributed

Monitoring

1 1

2 See « cumulative impacts » section. It appears that several cities in Shandong plan to replace their current groundwater supply with water from the South to North diversion project. Possible conflicts over this resource should be assessed. 3 See « cumulative impacts » section. It appears that several cities in Shandong plan to replace their current groundwater supply with



Table 6.4 Screening of potential impacts associated with wastewater sub-projects operation



Typical Mitigation 1 Gaomi

2 Huantai

4 Weihai

5 Yantai

6 Qixia 7 Weifang

8 Zhaozhuang

1) Wastewater collection and treatment

Release of treated effluent Stream water pollution Effluent quality monitoring River quality monitoring

1 1 1 - 1 1 1

Damages for downstream river users

River quality monitoring Fish sampling & analysis

1 1 1 - 2 1 1

Sea pollution Sea outfall design Effluent treatment

- - (Indirect: 2)4

2 - - -

Operation of WWTP or pumping stations

Noise & odors Specifications for equipment Odors treatment- Monitoring

2 - - 2 2 1 -

Pest & rodents development from sludge & screenings

Maintenance & management of sludge & screenings Pest control

1 0 0 1 1 0 0

Sludge production Pollution if inappropriate management of sludge

Quality monitoring - detailed sludge management plan Secured landfill for disposal

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Opportunity for sludge agricultural reuse

Quality monitoring Detailed sludge decontamination & marketing plan

Operation of sewer network & pumping stations

Odors & noise Specifications for equipment Maintenance obligations

1 1 1 1 1 1 1


Reduction of pollutant load to rivers, land and sea

Not required + + + + + + +

Wastewater collection Better health and quality of life Not required + + + + + + +

2) River rehabilitation

Reduction of flood risk Improved safety of people and goods and quality of life

Not required

Increased flood transfer downstream project site

Watershed flood control Flood modelling

0 0 0 0 1 1 1

Risk of dike collapse Flooding new urban area and cultivated areas

Design control 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Change in land value Variation in land value or income because of project

Planning, control and compensation if needed + and - + and - + and - + +

4 Through combination of SDEP II component + components financed by other sources.



Table 6.5 Screening of potential impacts associated with solid waste sub-projects operation



Typical Mitigation Heze Zaozh

uang Rizhao

Waste Collection Improve urban environment and quality of life around existing transfer stations

Improved management & cleaning of facility, Improved design

0 ?? +

Waste transport to site Increased truck traffic, with noise, dust, traffic accident risk in crossed villages

Selection & design of access; implementation of traffic safety rules

2 ?? 1

Landfill management Pollution of water bodies by contaminated leachate

Collection & treatment of leachate

2 ?? 2

Risk of gas release and of explosion

Landfill gas collection and burning or use

2 ?? 2

Risk of smells and development of pests

Landfill management, pest control

1 ?? 1

Reduction of pollution load to rivers or land

Not required + ?? +

Legend

+ Positive impact

0 No significant impact expected

1 Limited impact, easy to control

2 Significant impact, needing specific dispositions

3 Major impact risk, for which mitigation measure is required



6.2 Expected benefits from SDEP II

6.2.1 General The eleven sub-projects selected for World Bank financing will improve the environment and quality of life in the concerned cities through the following actions:

o improve current water supply and meet future water demand; o collect wastewater and municipal waste to improve urban quality of life; o treat wastewater to improve the water quality of rivers and sea; o improve flood control; o enhance river landscape in urban areas; o store municipal waste so as to minimize pollution.

6.2.2 Public Health and Quality of life The Project’s impact is beneficial for public health and quality of life through improved water supply and improved collection of solid waste and wastewater, as well as through improved river water and seawater quality.

6.2.3 Pollution abatement

6.2.3.1 Pollution abatement achieved by SDEP II new WWTPs

According to the design parameters of WWTPs planned in Huantai, Yantai and Qixia, the project should lead to an overall yearly pollution abatement of more than 13,000 tons BOD, 17,000 tons suspended solids, 2300 tons NH3-N and 300 tons total phosphorus5.

5 Pollutant load reductions to be effectively achieved only if wastewater treatment efficiency is guaranteed through proper operation and maintenance of collection systems and WWTPs.



Table 6.6 Estimation of pollution abatement achieved by SDEP II new WWTPs

Design parameters Unit Pollutant

Yantai - Xinanhe second phase BOD5 COD Cr SS NH3 TP

Sewage quality mg/l 280 580 300 50 8

Influent volume m3/day 80000

Influent load t/yr 8176 16936 8760 1460 234

Removal rate - 79% 97% 93% 84% 88%

Effluent quality mg/l 60 20 20 8 1

Pollution abatement t/yr 6424 16352 8176 1226 204

Qixia BOD5 COD Cr SS NH3 PO4




Removal rate - 90% 90% 96% 88% 88%



Huantai BOD5 COD Cr SS NH3 TP




Removal rate - 92% 95% 93% 80% 75%



Total pollution abatement achieved through SDEP II WWTPs

t/yr 13,615 29,346 17,082 2300 307

6.2.3.2 Pollution abatement achieved by SDEP II additional wastewater collection

In Gaomi, Weihai, Weifang and Zaozhuang, SDEP II will enable the collection of an additional 220,000 m3/day of wastewater. This wastewater will be treated in WWTPs built with other financing sources. It can be estimated that, if this wastewater is properly treated, the additional collection will allow pollution abatement of about 14,000 tons/yr BOD, 19,000 tons/yr suspended solids, 2,500 tons/yr NH3-N and 79 tons/yr total phosphorus6.

Table 6.7 Estimation of pollution abatement achieved by SDEP II additional wastewater collection

Estimate of additionnal load collected through sub-project (usual domestic wastewater quality)

Estimate of additionnal pollution removal after wastewater has been treated (usual abatement rates)

6 Pollutant load reductions to be effectively achieved only if wastewater collection and treatment efficiency is guaranteed through proper operation and maintenance of collection systems and WWTPs.



Sub-project Wastewater collected through SDEP II (medium-term)

BOD

(200 mg/l)

SS

(250 mg/l)

NH3-N

(40 mg/l)

P

(4 mg/l)

BOD

(rate 90%)

SS

(rate 95%)

NH3-N

(rate 80%)

P

(rate 25%)

m3/day t/yr t/yr t/yr t/yr t/yr t/yr t/yr t/yr

Gaomi 80000 5 840 7 300 1 168 117 5 256 6 935 934 29

Weihai 67100 4 898 6 123 980 98 4 408 5 817 784 24

Weifang 41200 3 008 3 760 602 60 2 707 3 572 481 15

Zaozhuang 30000 2 190 2 738 438 44 1 971 2 601 350 11

Total 218 300 15 936 19 920 3 188 319 14 342 18 925 2 550 79

6.2.4 Benefits to the Bohai Sea Through improved collection of wastewater in Weihai and Yantai, the project will reduce the emissions of diffuse pollutants to seawater, with a positive impact on marine ecology, aquaculture and bathing water quality. Estimates of load reductions to the sea and future water quality are given later in this chapter. The Yantai project will very strongly reduce local bacteriological pollution since the WWTP effluent is sterilized. The release of WWTP effluent through an underwater pipe allows to respect water quality standards for other pollutants.

6.2.5 Potential impact on water scarcity The projected water reuse will help alleviating the water scarcity in Shandong Province. The general improvements of groundwater and surface water quality that are expected could possibly make more water available for use as drinking water in the future, although this impact is hard to quantify yet.



6.3 Impact Analysis and Mitigation associated to Project Location

6.3.1 Land occupation, resettlement and impact on local economy

6.3.1.1 Summary of impacts

Permanent or temporary land is to be acquired for Gaomi, Huantai, Yantai, Qixia, Weifang, Zoazhuang wastewater and Heze. Nor Weihai neither Rizhao sub-projects do require land acquisition:

o in Weihai, the pumping stations will be built or upgraded on existing reserved land, and pipelines will be laid along roads or green belts without affecting persons;

o in Rizhao, the land that is necessary for the landfill has already been acquired in 2003, and the land for the waste collection stations has already been reserved in the city plans.

In total 1325 mu (88.4 ha) of collectively owned land and 995 mu (66.4 ha) of state-owned land will be permanently acquired for the construction of WTPs and WWTPs, the landfill site in Heze, and river rehabilitation. Permanent land acquisition will affect the incomes of 315 households or 1203 persons. 726 households (2669 persons) will have to be displaced in Zaozhuang and 28 (121) in Weifang. In Zaozhuang, demolition of shops and enterprises will affect the incomes of 210 persons. In total, the project will thus permanently affect 4203 persons. In addition, 1689 mu (112.7 ha) of land will be temporarily used for network construction, temporarily affecting 734 persons.



Table 6.8 shows land acquisition requirements and numbers of affected people per sub-project. Table 6.9 shows the type of land that is to be permanently acquired. Table 6.10 shows the vulnerable people affected by the project. In addition, land will probably be permanently and temporarily occupied next to Zaozhuang old dump for the remediation works.



Table 6.8 Summary of land acquisition and resettlement data (source: RAP)

Permanent collective land acquisition

Permanent state-owned land acquisition

Temporary land use, collective land

Temporary land use, state-owned land

Residential housing demolition

Non-housing demolition Sub-

project location

(mu) People affected mu (mu) People

affected mu (m2) People affected (m2) People

affected

Gaomi 74.5 119 560.9 275 650.9

Huantai 177.0 83 854.6 199 363.9

Yantai 59.5 77 214.4 182 82.2

Qixia 59.5 121 2.4 59.1 78 334.4

Weifang 36.8 104 24426 121

Zaozhuang 551.8 349 992.6 107373 2770 10387.7 210

Heze 366.0 350

Total 1325.1 1203 995 1689.0 734 1431.3 131799 2669 10387.7 210

Table 6.9 Permanent collective land acquisition (source : RAP)

Land acquisition mu Sub-project location

paddy land

dry land nursery forest garden

plot fish pond

River bed

housing site wasteland others Subtotal

Gaomi 72.5 2.0 74.5

Huantai 90.0 87.0 177.0

Yantai 54.3 5.3 59.5

Qixia 6.1 12.8 40.6 59.5

Weifang 36.8 36.8

Zaozhuang 66.2 124.4 258.9 20.4 20.6 61.3 551.8

Heze 150.0 216.0 366.0

Total 91.1 234.8 150.0 137.2 40.6 5.3 258.9 20.4 323.6 63.3 1325.1

Table 6.10 Vulnerable groups affected by the project

Poor Disabled Elderly living alone Total Project

Households Persons Households Persons Households Persons Households Persons

Zaozhuang 6 17 0 0 0 0 6 17

Heze 0 0 1 4 2 2 3 6

Total 6 17 1 4 2 2 9 23



6.3.1.2 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

CONTENTS AND SCHEDULE

A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been established for Gaomi, Huantai, Yantai, Qixia, Weifang, Zoazhuang wastewater and Heze sub-projects. No RAP is required for Weihai and Rizhao. The resettlement action plan includes:

- investigations about project impacts; - public consultation procedure; - information disclosure procedure; - definition of compensation budgets and rehabilitation measures; - definition of a grievance mechanism; - organisation of the implementation of the resettlement action plan; - definition of monitoring and evaluation measures.

Table 6.11Schedule of resettlement action plan

Sub-project Construction time Resettlement time

Gaomi 2006.3~2007.12 2005.5~2007.8

Huantai 2006.3~2007.12 2005.5~2007.9

Yantai 2005.12~2007.12 2005.4~2007.6

Qixia 2006.3~2007.12 2005.5~2007.9

Weifang 2006.3~2008.12 2005.10~2008.6

Zaozhuang 2006.2~2008.6 2005.7~2008.1

Heze 2006.3~2007.12 2005.10~2007.9

PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

Potentially affected population has been informed and consulted through a special consultation and public participation process. During public consultation, residents have expressed their concerns over land acquisition and resettlement, and have also expressed their need to be better informed about the regulations for compensation and relocation. The affected persons globally appear to support the project, but estimate that the land should be compensated reasonably. They are satisfied with the house compensation.



Table 6.12 Summary of the Resettlement public participation procedure that has been conducted in each city. Each step includes a meeting, interviews and a questionnaire.

Step Time

Physical impacts survey 2005.5 to 2005.7 (except for Weifang, 2005.8 to 2005.10)

Socioeconomic survey and compensation and resettlement will

2005.7 to 2005.10

Commpensation and resettlement policies 2005.8 to 2005.11

Resettlement plan 2005.12

Table 6.13 Resettlement information disclosure procedure.

Yantai municipality

Zaozhuang municipality

Heze municipality

Weifang municipality

Gaomi municipality

Huantai county

Qixia municipality

Files Disclosure and language

Disclosure time

Introduction to project construction

Chinese, municipal radio and TV stations, newspaper

2005.11 2005.8 2005.11 2005.10 2005.11 2005.11 2005.11

General introduction to project land acquisition and demolition

Chinese, municipal radio and TV stations, website

2005.12 2005.9 2005.12 2005.11 2005.11 2005.11 2005.11

Municipal land acquisition and house demolition policies.

Chinese, newspaper municipal TV station, municipal website

2005.12 2005.11 2005.12 2005.12 2005.12 2005.12 2005.12

Resettlement plan report

Chinese, municipal library, newspaper

Jan 2006, in town and village committees

Resettlement plan booklets

Chinese, to resettlers After WB approval, in town and village committees

A grievance mechanism has been established involving village committees, Project Owners, municipal administrations, and municipal construction committees (see RAP). A monitoring and evaluation mechanism has also been prepared. Monitoring and evaluation will begin in March 2006 and end in December 2008. An internal and external monitoring report will be handed in to World Bank every half year.

COMPENSATION AND RESTORATION MEASURES

The RAP budget includes compensations to permanent and temporary land acquisition, urban and rural residential house demolition, affected enterprises, public institutions, shops, infrastructure and ground attachments and related taxes. Resettlement expenses will be included in project cost. Resettlement is financed by each municipal government and loaned from domestic banks. Permanent land acquisition compensation includes land compensation, resettlement subsidy and young crop compensation. Temporary land occupation compensation



includes young crop compensation and restoration expense. Compensation further includes rural and urban residential house demolition compensation, and compensation for shop and enterprise demolition. Ground attachments and public infrastructure are compensated for. Assistance will also be provided to people displace from illegal buildings (in Zaozhuang). Beside cash compensation amounts, restoration measures are defined in the RAP to help affected people finding other jobs, houses etc., and to ensure that temporarily used land is correctly restored after works. The restoration of temporary land will be monitored and checked by villages and villager representatives (see also paragraph 6.4.1)

Table 6.14 Project resettlement compensation budget. Unit: 10,000 RMB. Source: RAP

No. Type Yantai Zaozhuang Heze Weifan

g Gaomin Huantai county Qixia Total Perce

ntage

1 Permanent land acquisition 179.2 990.1 651.4 110.3 228.8 492.0 251.0 2902.8 11.9%

1.1 Permanent collective land acquisition 179.2 990.1 651.4 110.3 228.8 492 250.95 2902.8 11.9%

1.2 State-owned land paid transfer � 0.0 0.0%

2 Temporary land acquisition 104.0 138.2 120.98 123.36 486.5 2.0%

3 Rural residential houses demolition compensation

1308.8 3005.9 4314.7 17.7%

4 Urban residential houses demolition compensation

7055.8 7055.8 29.0%

5 Demolished enterprises 128.7 128.7 0.5%

6 Demolished public institutions

661.6 661.6 2.7%

7 Demolished shops 793.8 793.8 3.3%

8 Ground attachments 6.2 36.8 16.6 89.9 1.5 1.51 2.33 154.8 0.6%

9 Illegal buildings 33.8 33.8 0.1%

1 9Total 289.4 289.4 11009.4 668.0 3206.1 368.5 614.5 376.6 16532.5

10 Survey& designing expense 5.8 220.2 13.4 64.1 7.4 12.06 7.5 330.4 1.4%

11 External monitoring expense

11.6 220.2 26.7 64.1 11.1 12.06 11.3 357.0 1.5%

12 Internal monitoring expense 5.8 110.1 13.4 32.1 7.4 12.06 7.5 188.3 0.8%

13 Administration fee 14.5 550.5 33.4 160.3 11.1 18.09 11.3 799.1 3.3%

14 Training 11.6 330.3 26.7 48.1 3.7 6.03 3.8 430.2 1.8%

15 Contingengy fee 14.5 1651.4 33.4 320.6 40.9 66.36 37.7 2164.9 8.9%

16 land acquisition taxes 207.3 932.6 1125.9 128 295.7 615.57 208.7 3513.8 14.5%



No. Type Yantai Zaozhuang Heze Weifan

g Gaomin Huantai county Qixia Total Perce

ntage

10 16Total 271.1 4015.2 1272.9 817.3 377.1 742.2 287.8 7783.7 32.0%

Total 560.5 15024.6 1940.9 4023.4 745.6 1356.7 664.4 24316.2 100.0%

6.3.1.3 Changes in land value

In Gaomi, Huantai, Yantai, Qixia, Zaozhuang and Weifang, completion of the water supply and sanitation works will make the land more attractive to investors, give it a higher value and help speeding up economic development. Land value will probablby decrease close to the WWTP and WTP sites. In Qixia, Zaozhuang and Weifang, land that is adjacent to the rivers will also have a higher value after project completion because of a better flood protection and a nicer view on a clean river with landscaping.

6.3.1.4 Employment

Whenever possible, project owners will employ people affected by the sub-projects for construction and operation of the facilities. This especially concerns the cases where agricultural jobs are lost due to land occupation. In Heze, during the EA public consultation process (see Chapter 9), people have expressed their concern about possibly losing their jobs because of the improved waste collection system. These jobs would be lost by people, generally poor and most often women, currently collecting and recycling the waste. These people will be trained so as to be able to engage in the new MSW management system or in other jobs. 113 jobs should be created by the MSW management sub-project.

6.3.2 Impact on ecology

6.3.2.1 General

The project will not involve any destruction of valuable natural land. The selected project sites have no particular ecological value.

6.3.2.2 Vegetation clearing during construction

The development of the sewer network, the building of water treatment plants and pumping stations, and the building of river embankments, may impose the cutting of street trees. This impact can hardly be quantified at present, but during works, field inspectors in charge of supervising the EMP will ensure that any tree is cut by absolute necessity, that any cutting is registered and that the project will ensure replanting of trees at a rate of not less than one tree planted for one cut.



6.3.2.3 Aquatic ecology of rivers

Regarding aquatic ecology, the baseline survey carried out for the purpose of this study has demonstrated the high level of pollution of the river nearby the project sites, with a probably related low biodiversity. The terrestrial/aquatic ecological environments and ecological environment in towns along rivers are already seriously affected by pollution from industrial and domestic wastewater, disposal of refuse and serious soil erosion. The problems include silt-up of watercourse, eutrophication of water bodies, floating of algae, abnormal water color and bad smell. But with measures imposed to the contractor to control river pollution from construction sites, significant impacts of construction on the aquatic environment are not anticipated. Impact during operation will be globally beneficial on the rivers and the downstream water bodies such as wetlands and lakes, as a direct consequence from pollution discharge abatement.

6.3.2.4 Destruction of river bank habitat

The creation of solid river embankments is generally not beneficial to biodiversity, because it destroys natural habitats. However in the case of the rivers considered here, the biodiversity is constrained by the water quality rather than by the physical habitats.

6.3.2.5 Impact on aquaculture from Yantai WWTP effluents

The expected impact of release of Yantai WWTP effluents is described in the table below. The project will reduce overall emissions of pollutants to seawater, and virtually reduce bacteriological pollution to zero.

Table 6.15 Expected impact from Yantai WWTP on aquaculture

Type of pollution Anticipated impact Mitigation/monitoring

Bacteriological Nihil as long as effluent properry disinfected

Monitor functioning of disinfection process

Nutrients/organic matter

Limited since seawater quality standard is respected

Monitor seawater quality

Metals/organic micropollutantss

Unknown – mostly depends on industrial emissions to sewer system

Monitor quality of aquaculture products

6.3.2.6 Impact of water supply on the aquatic ecology of reservoirs

The water intake for Gaomi project only account for 1.6% (short-term) and 2.9% (long-term) of the average annual storage of Xiashan Reservoir. So there will be no obvious impact on the aquatic ecology of the reservoir.



6.3.3 Impairment of natural land drainage The impact of most sub-projects on local surface and subsurface water flows is small due to the limited spatial extension of the projects. The landfill sites will impair local drainage and groundwater flow, but this impact is expected to be minor. Heze and Rizhao landfills are equipped with a system to drain the groundwater under the landfill sites.

6.3.4 Impact on historical and cultural values There are supposedly no historical or cultural values on the future sub-project sites. However, the EMP shall provide for measures to avoid all possible damage to buried cultural relics:

- a certificate shall be asked from the local Cultural Relics Bureau to allow construction on the projected sites;

- workers shall be trained to report about any possible presence of buried relics and a reporting system shall be put in place;

- further investigations shall be conducted and appropriate measures taken in case any relics are encountered.

6.3.5 Impact on landscape

Future site of Kanjia WTP (Gaomi) Future site of Huantai WWTP



Current view of land north to Xinanhe WWTP

Current view of land east to Xinanhe WWTP

6.3.5.1 Water purification plants and WWTPs

Water plants and WWTPs have a potentially important negative impact when they are built in open space (e.g. Gaomi, Huantai, Yantai). Therefore, provisions will be taken for landscaping and planting trees around the new-built water plants and WWTP. To minimize the impact of water treatment plants, design principles in PRC are as follows: (1) every effort must be made to have the arrangement to be compact, the pipelines to be short and have the crosses as small as possible. Attention must be paid to save the land. (2) The auxiliary productive buildings shall be arranged integrally in order to increase the reliability and convenience of the unified management and production of the whole plant. (3) The main people flow and material flow in the plant area must be separated in order to avoid the interference of the people and the materials, and the disturbances and pollution in the front area of the plant. (4) The width of the trunk roads in the plant is 6�7m�the width of the secondary roads is 3.5�4.0m�and the walk way is 1.5m wide. The turning radius of the trunk roads is 9.0m�and that of the secondary roads is 6.0m. (5) The plant area shall meet the requirements of the flood control. The flood control standard shall be able to withstand the flood to be encountered every 50 years. (6) The green ratio can not be less than 35%. (7) The height of the enclosing walls shall not be lower than 2.2m.

6.3.5.2 River rehabilitation

Existing examples of river rehabilitation in Weifang and Gaomi show that river rehabilitation can create interesting urban river landscapes. Natural shapes and materials should be used as much as possible for the embankments. Dredging in Weifang and Zoazhuang will improve the view on the river (the sediment layer is currently apparent).



Qixia Bailang River Example of river rehabilitation in Weifang

6.3.5.3 Landfill sites

The landfill in Rizhao, due to its location in a valley, has no impact on landscape. The landfill in Heze could have an impact in the future on residents of nearby villages (about 1 km) due to its height (33 meter after 18 years). However, once it is covered with soil and vegetation, the landfill will look natural. Trees will be planted around the buildings of the waste treatment plant.



6.4 Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Construction

6.4.1 Temporary loss of housing, productive systems, and public infrastructure

6.4.1.1 Summary of impacts

As shown in paragraph 6.3 above, 3120 mu (208 ha) of temporary land will be occupied for the laying of sewage and water distribution networks. The people affected are mainly agricultural laborers.

Table 6.16 Temporary land occupation (source: RAP)

Temporary land use, collective land

Temporary land use, state-owned land


mu People affected mu

Gaomi 560.9 275 650.9

Huantai 854.6 199 363.9

Yantai 214.4 182 82.2

Qixia 59.1 78 334.4

Total 1689.0 734 1431.3

6.4.1.2 Compensation

The temporary occupied land will be compensated for through the Resettlement Action Plan (see paragraph 6.3 above).

6.4.1.3 Mitigation and monitoring

The impact of temporary land occupation can be mitigated by improved planning of works which can help minimizing the duration of occupation. If urban construction is planned on the same location as the networks, it is recommended to plan both constructions at the same time, in order to minimize the duration of nuisance. The contractor’s obligations should include the miminization of temporary land occupation and appropriate restoration. The extent of occupied land and the quality of restoration should be monitored as part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).



6.4.2 Nuisances from earthworks and spoil – Spoil Management Plan Significant volumes of spoil will be generated during the construction of the project components, mainly composed of earth from excavation works and not reused for filling or reclamation, and of the products from demolition of existing buildings and concrete structures.

Table 6.17 Available data on earthworks generated during construction Sub-Component

Total Volume of Earthworks (m3)

Backfilling to be completed (m3)

Spoil to be disposed at landfill (m3)

Percentage of spoil

Gaomi 791146 696744 94402 12%

Huantai 68123 16510 33630 49%

Weihai 758939 678332 80607 11%

Yantai Not available at FSR stage

Qixia 55500 39456 16044 29%

Weifang 1417137 847013 570124 40%

Zaozhuang 2885000 1139000 1746000 61%

Zaozhuang - SW

Not available

Heze 176000 749000 0 Soil is needed from outside

TOTAL 6151845 4166055 2540807 41%

Earth spoil will need to be removed from the construction sites using trucks, with resulting nuisance for residents and public safety issues related to the risk of traffic accident. Strict procedures related to this activity will need to be imposed to the contractor in charge. In order to minimize nuisances from inadequate management of construction waste, the contractor in charge of civil works will prepare and submit a spoil management plan (cf EMP).

6.4.3 Impact on air quality and mitigation

6.4.3.1 Impacts of construction activities

The main air pollution sources are machines burning fuel for digging, transportation, loading, unloading, vibrations. Dust and waste gas from these machines affects air quality surrounding the work place. The area most affected is located in a range of around 100 m all around project sites, but also main access roads to sites which will be supporting the heavy truck traffic. The same impacts will be observed along the network rehabilitation or extension sites, where the impact may be more direct for the population than the one from the various plant sites, as the resident population will be located much closer to works, but should have a shorter duration as the work sites move permanently.



If construction spoil is not properly disposed of or stockpiled, it can impact the cleanliness of the city. If excavated spoil is stockpiled for several weeks, the spoil will be dried by exposure to sunlight and wind and when disturbed, will raise dust clouds resulting in an increase in the fine particulate content of the ambient air. Hence, management of spoil during the construction should be reinforced to prevent excessive impact on air quality by reducing the emission of dust.

6.4.3.2 Mitigation measures

Mitigation concerns mainly appropriate construction and earthworks management methods to be imposed to the Contractor: • During excavation/filling earthworks, water will be sprayed to keep certain humidity; construction site and worker camps as well as other project areas soil surface will be regularly sprayed during dry periods to prevent dust emission; • Disposal sites for excavated material will be compacted and sprayed with water regularly; spoil not used on site will be removed at the soonest for eventual disposal outside urbanized areas; • Inflammable construction waste (cartoon, paper, plastic, wood, etc.) will not be burned on site but transported to appropriate landfill or disposal site; • Cooking for workers on sites will rely on gas or electrical cookers, and will not use charcoal or wood or any product generating dust or fumes; • Trucks for spoil transportation will be covered before they leave the construction sites to limit dust emission during travel to disposal site; washing stations will be installed in main construction sites (WWTP) to avoid release of mud on public streets and roads with eventual production of dust (or sediment to sewers); • Strict maintenance of engines for trucks and other heavy machinery will be implemented by the contractor to reduce smoke and gas emission; • Roads for truck traffic will be selected preferentially outside residential areas.

6.4.4 River dredging

6.4.4.1 Introduction

In urban areas, river sediment may be heavily polluted with chemicals discharged by industries into the water. These pollutants often remain with the suspended sediment particles and settle to the bottom. The need for dredging should be considered carefully, because dredging may cause significant water pollution during the dredging works period, and may also change the river bed nature. Dispositions should be taken to manage the sludge in a safe way.

6.4.4.2 Impacts from dredging activities on water quality

In the case of SDEP II sub-projects, dredging will be performed after drying out the river, therefore no impact is expected on water quality. However, it is not entirely clear whether the river will entirely dry out or if some stagnant waters or wastewater flow will remain. The diagram below shows the working process that will be adopted in Zaozhuang. The same process will be adopted in Weifang.



Figure 6.1 River dredging process adopted for Zaozhuang

In Weifang, dredging will be performed by sections from upstream to downstream, after letting the water flow away. The silt with a little water content can be conveyed to the garbage landfill site by a special, anti-leakage truck. The FSR proposes to use a submerged suction pump for dredging, which is contradictory with the fact that dredging will be performed on a dry river.

6.4.4.3 Management of dredged sediment

Seen the large amounts involved, choice for disposal of river sediment should be practical. Even if the quality is not appropriate for use as fertilizer, river sediment can often be used for land reclamation or production of construction material, if geotechnically suitable. The tables below present the estimated dredging volumes and the quality of the river bottom material. Sediment in both Zaozhuang and Weifang seems of good quality and conforms to the standard for use on agricultural soils. But not all the heavy metals have been monitored and the final statement on sediment destination will depend on more detailed sampling and analysis of the river sediment.

Table 6.18 Estimates of sediment quantities from river dredging

Sub-project Estimate of dredging volume, m3

Destination of sludge

Weifang 1,940,000 Sanitary landfill

Zaozhuang 139,000 85 900 for greening; rest landfilled in Zaozhuang Urban Sewage Treatment Center

Table 6.19 River sediment composition (mg/kg)

Sub-project Pb Zn Cu Cd As Cr6+ Hg Oils Destination

Weifang ND ND ND 0.20 6.5 133 0.05 1456

Zaozhuang 79 102 49 ND 5 85 ND ND Greening and

landfilling

Limit for use as fertilizer on acid soils

300 2000 800 5 75 600 5 3000

Damming of water course

Sediment excavation Drain the river

Natural drying of sediment

Transportation by vehicles

Storage at landfill site



Sub-project Pb Zn Cu Cd As Cr6+ Hg Oils Destination

on acid soils

Limit for use as fertilizer on neutral/alkaline soils

1000 3000 1500 20 75 1000 15 3000

6.4.4.4 Odors associated to river dredging

WEIFANG

The odors mainly come from the river dredging, the transportation of dredged sludge and the removal of the existing waste hill. But since the Bailang River hasn’t been dredged for years, it is predicted that the river dredging will lead to the Level 2 stench even beyond 30 m. As there are quite a few companies, entities and residents located within 30m along the river, the stench generated during the sludge dredging and transportation process will greatly impact the nearby residents. However, according to the investigation, this kind of stench impact is still acceptable for the residents living around, who have suffered a lot from the stench by the river for years. What’s more, these impacts could also be mitigated by the timely transportation and storage of dredged sludge and old waste.

ZAOZHUANG

During dredging process, there will be obvious malodor along the bank; but no impact beyond 100m. Since residents will be resettled during the dredging period, the main impact will be on construction staff, which will require a health and safety plan.



6.4.5 Handling of old waste Handling of old waste will be necessary for 2 sub-projects.

Table 6.20 Handling of old waste

Sub-project Activity Quantity (m3) Potential environmental impacts during handling

Weifang Removal of old dump next to Bailang River

400,000 Odors, water quality, transport

Rizhao Displacement of waste from first phase Rizhao landfill

?? Odors

Zaozhuang solid waste Old waste remains in place 0

6.4.5.1 Weifang

An old waste dump located upstream the urban area in a river bend and supposedly causing river water pollution should be removed. The dump is 20 m high. The composition of the waste is 70% construction material and 30% domestic waste. The pollution cause by the landfill has not been proved, but trees cannot grow on it, which makes it difficult to rehabilitate the dump site. The soil under the dump is sandy soil, with a high risk for pollution by leaching. The waste will be analysed for hazardous substances, explosion risk (methane), and radioactivity. A temporary dam will be built at the river side to prevent the leachate from polluting the river. Biogas will be collected and released into the atmosphere. The old waste will be transported to Weifang Landfill. The waste dump has existed for many years, so odors are relatively low, only Class II in the area around with just a few residents involved. Nuisances from waste handling will be minimal and temporary. The same mitigation measures should be taken as for the transport of spoil (see above). After coordination of the Owner with the local relative department, the river silt is cleaned and the garbage dump is removed to Weifang’s new landfill site for disposal. The landfill is located at about 25 km in the southwest of Weifang City. Its total capacity is 8,000,000 m3.

6.4.5.2 Rizhao

The waste handling activities will not have an additional impact compared to the usual waste storage activities at the landfill. Impact on nearby residents is insignificant due to the location of the landfill in a valley.

6.4.6 Noise from transport and use of heavy machinery During the construction phase, the main source of noise will be the operation of construction machines and vehicles transporting building materials.



Table 6.21 Noise value of main machines (DB(A))

Equipment Type

15 m 30 m 50 m 100 m 200 m

Excavator 78 72 67 61 53

Bulldozer 78 72 67 61 53

Drilling machine 89 83 78 72 66

Air compressor 75 69 64 58 52

Vibrator 76 70 65 59 53

Mixer 75 69 64 58 52

Truck 76 70 65 59 53

Truck 77 70 65 59 53

At night, especially, construction noise can represent a severe nuisance on the residents in the vicinity, especially those located at less than 50 m. Night working and especially the use of the most noisy equipment during the night should then be strictly controlled in order to minimize the impact of noise on the surrounding residents. In particular for excavations, drills used outside at the beginning of tunnel construction should be forbidden at night. The EMPs will contain provisions for respecting the specifications of “Noise limitation of Construction Field Boundary (GB12523-90)”. Based on the daytime and night time limiting noise values contained in this regulation, the buffer zones required to respect these limiting values have been calculated and are presented below.

Table 6.22 Minimum distance required between noise source and sensitive points

Noise source Maximum noise dB(A) Shortest distance away from source (m)

Daytime Night

Bulldozer 95 10 100

Excavator 96 12 115

Mixer 88 8 45

Vibrator 80 4 18

Drill 105 100 Prohibited

Use of explosive during nighttime is prohibited. The amount of explosive shall be controlled and micro-deviation explosion technique shall be adopted to reduce the impact of explosion noise and oscillation on residents, environmental protection targets and environmental susceptible spots. Construction activity during nighttime is also prohibited during the period of important school examination. For the residents or organizations who suffer from construction impact on local section, the construction units and supervision units shall strengthen coordination or make due compensation where necessary.



Temporary sound barriers should be used, in particular for river rehabilitation works, and to protect sensitive points

6.4.6.1 Weifang

Due to the long duration of the project and the complexity of the construction content, noise from various machines could impact an area within 100 m. With the view to quite a few sensitive points (companies, residents) within 100 m, even 20 m, the following practical measures could be taken to mitigate the noise pollution: a. The construction schedule should be carefully designed to control the night noise. b. Use low-noise machines for construction as far as possible. c. Use temporary sound barrier all along the project and specifically for the special

sensitive points.

6.4.6.2 Heze

The impact scope of the noise from the construction machines and vehicles is projected to be 60 m during the daytime and 150 m during the night except the bulldozers (100m in the day and 200 during the night). As the construction work will only be done during the day, and all the sensitive objectives around are more than 800 m away, there will be no impact on the surrounding sound environment.

6.4.7 Water quality During Construction, some quantities of wastewater will be generated by aggregate washing, construction activities and labor camps. After settlement pond treatment, aggregate washing water will be used as mixing water to prepare mortar for masonry works. Pollution load of effluents from construction sites will be reduced by appropriate practice particularly during refueling and maintenance of trucks and heavy machinery. Pollution from labor camps will be controlled through appropriate sanitation facilities as Ventilated Improved Latrines or septic tanks. A minimum of one toilet facility for 20 workers will be required. In areas with shallow groundwater, some preventive measures should also be taken accordingly, such as the application of high requirements against infiltration during the design and construction of the project, the solidification of the ground within the plan, especially the area for sludge temporary storage. For Qixia, it is projected that the domestic wastewater from the construction site will be about 12m3/d, which could be minimized by using the existing living facilities around the site. The composting toilets should be equipped for the construction sites for the fertilizer utilization.

6.4.8 Off-site public safety and inconvenience The proposed sewer systems or pipe networks will certainly cut across some roads or run parallel with them. During the excavation and pipe-laying stage, there will be more traffic congestion along these roads. There will also be more traffic congestion during repair of bridges.



The conventional way to solve the problem is to build side-tracks for vehicles during construction. As these temporary roads are usually very narrow, it is impossible for vehicles to pass each other. In addition, some vehicles will find it necessary to make a detour, which will not only increase the mileage but also increase the traffic volumes on other roads. During projects construction, spoil encroaching on the road surface will result in narrowing of the carriageway. On dry days, the surface will be dusty and on wet days, the roads will be covered with mud and become slippery. The project will take all the necessary measures in order to minimize the detrimental side effects of network construction. Coordination between the contractor and the traffic police will minimize road blockage or will reduce it to the minimum duration. Pro-active information will also be implemented in order to have the concerned residents or daily passer-by to be informed of the date and the duration of the works in their area. The contractor(s) will be required to implement safety and road signs in sufficient quantities and at the appropriate location, in order to facilitate traffic diversion and to reduce the risk of jam and car accident. Pipe laying methods can be adopted so as to minimize impacts on traffic: network: urban sections with heavy traffic: push pipe method or traction construction; other sections: slotting construction

6.4.9 Management of waste on construction sites Disposal of waste produced on construction camps could lead to pollution of water or to hazardous air emissions if chemicals are burnt. Solid waste will be disposed together with the domestic waste by the environment sanitation department. A waste management plan should be provided as part of the contractor’s obligations. Waste management will be monitored as part of the EMP.

6.4.10 End of construction and closure of camps It will be under the contractor’s obligation to prepare a Restoration Plan for each site. Payment should be attached to the fulfilling of each restoration program.



6.5 Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Operation – Water Supply Component

6.5.1 Noise impact from WTP operation During the operation phase, the main sources of noise are due to pumping stations and water treatment works with equipment such as pumps, ventilator and air compressors with noise production in the range 86~95 dB(A). Noise can be mitigated by:

o enclosing the machinery; o setting noisy machinery far from plant boundary or residential area; o at least 5-20m planting insulation strip and approx. 100m buffer zone to

residential areas. Noise projections have been made in the EA’s with a simple noise dispersion model. According to the noise projections (table below), the noise from the WTPs and the pump station will not exceed the standard limits both for daytime and night. So no major noise impact will be caused on the surrounding sound environment during the operation period.

Table 6.23 Noise projection for WTPs during operation

Value(dB[A]) No. Sub-project

Daytime Night

Class

1 Gaomi 50~57 41~50 Class II[1]

2 HuanTai 50.2 44.6 Class II

[1] Standard for Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-90)

6.5.2 Impact on air quality Water purification plants and landfills are potential sources of odor for nearby residents. However, common mitigation measures such as ventilation system, greening around the plant, design of a buffer strip and correct maintenance of the treatment system will reduce the emission of odors, and the plants are located relatively far from residential areas, so that no actual nuisance is expected. The monitoring results of current air quality around WTPs are all satisfying.

Table 6.24 Impacts from WTPs on air quality

No. Sub-project Predicted impact on air quality



No. Sub-project Predicted impact on air quality

1 Gaomi Only very little Cl2 might be emitted during the operation period, and it is predicted that there would be no adverse impact on the surrounding sensitive protected targets in view of the monitoring data for present situation.

2 Huantai Only a few chlorine and lampblack from the restaurant is discharged, so there is no big impact on the atmospheric environmental quality.

6.5.3 Impact on water resources A warning should be issued, in the particular context of water scarcity of Shandong Province, against overexploiting the natural water resources. The different feasibility studies or EIAs perform little analysis of the overall impact of increased water supply on the availability of water resources. The Yellow River is considered as being an endless water supply as far as on the Eastern coast of Shandong. All the sub-projects consider diminishing (or even stopping) the use of groundwater. In Huantai, since Huantai choses the same water source as Zibo, there could be competition over water resources between Zibo water plant and Huantai water plant. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission is responsible for allocating the water from the Yellow River and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. In Gaomi, the annual water intake in Xiashan reservoir is said to represent only 2-3% of the reservoir’s annual capacity and therefore the impact of extra water supply is expected to be small. However, since the Project will also improve water quality, it will also contribute to a better water availability.

6.5.4 Increase of wastewater quantities The additional water supply leads to an estimated increase in wastewater quantity of 173,000 m3/day. This wastewater will be collected thanks to the wastewater component of Gaomi and Huantai sub-projects.

Table 6.25 Estimates of Water Supply and Wastewater Generated by Water Supply Components

Sub-project Current water supply capacity (m3/day)

Current sewage (m3/day) Design water supply capacity (m3/day, 2013)

Sewage generated (m3/day, 2013)

1 Gaomi 65,000 Unknown (only partly collected) 125,000 80,000

2 Huantai 85,000 47,500 145,800 93,000



6.5.5 Impact on water quality Both the production and domestic wastewater from the WTPs involved in the Project will be treated, and then reused for the plants (domestic wastewater) or sent back into the water treatment process. To avoid the pollution risk resulting from overload or brake down of the treatment process, the supply of emergency power facility and spare pumps should be planned for each plant.

6.5.6 Production and management of sludge and waste WTPs produce a small amount of sludge and waste. Due to the small quantities involved, the impact of these by-products on the environment is limited. However, they should be managed properly to avoid local detrimental impacts. The management of sludge and waste from WTPs will be discussed later in this chapter together with the management of wastewater by-products (paragraph 6.6.6)

6.5.7 Risk of raw water pollution Raw water pollution should be avoided by protecting water sources according to the “Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water” (GB5749-85). This standard defines the measures to be taken to protect surface water intakes and groundwater sources.

6.5.7.1 Gaomi

For Gaomi water supply, the surface water sources are located in the Wei river basin (Xiashan reservoir) and the Jiao river basin (Wangwu reservoir). Both present a risk of being polluted by upstream sources and therefore should be regularly monitored. The risk of accidental pollution of the reservoirs is relatively limited since there are few activities around. The main risk would be from spilling agrochemicals or development of toxic algae in case of hot weather. In case of accidental pollution, the water supply system as it is designed, receiving water from both sources, and with the security storages at Chengnan reservoir and Chengbei reservoir, should be able to function even if one source has to be temporarily cut off. An emergency response plan should be developed to define the measures to be taken in case of pollution – and define by whom they should be taken.

6.5.7.2 Huantai

Raw water to the Xincheng Reservoir has been subjected to grit settlement and transmission through a 30 km open channel, where the sand settles effectively. Therefore, the water arriving at the reservoir has a low grit content. The environment impact evaluation on the Xincheng Reservoir demonstrates that the water environment is of sound quality, being classified as Grade II –III relatively clean water body, and therefore satisfies the influent water quality requirement of the project. Zibo Municipal Government has attached high importance to the protection of the water quality of the Yellow River introduction project. Under the Management Methods for the Yellow River Water Introduction Project of Zibo City, it is strictly forbiden to build, renovate or expand any premises without due approval; to wash



vehicles or clothes or swim in the reservoir or the open channel; or to discharge industrial solid wastes, garbages, wastewater or the like in controlled vicinity to the project facilities. These stipulations contribute to prevention of pollution to the water and protection of the water environment. Complete protection measures are taken at the Xincheng Reservoir, including fully-enclosed fencing, wave wearing wall and seepage catchwork, by which the water quality is under effective maintenance over a long term.



6.6 Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Operation – Wastewater component

6.6.1 Noise impact from WWTP operation During the operation phase, the main sources of noise are due to pumping stations and water treatment works with equipment such as pumps, ventilator and air compressors with noise production in the range 86~95 dB(A). Standards applicable to Level 2 areas (residential) are 60dB(A) during day time and 50dB(A) during night time. These standards also apply at the boundary of WWTPs. During Operation stage, the main noise sources of sewage treatment plant consist of sewage pumps, sludge pumps and sludge demisters. The sewage pumps and sludge demisters shall be accommodated inside the pump station to reduce oscillation and insulate noise. The water outlet shall be treated with flexible connectors. The sludge pumps shall be of sinking pumps and the surface aerators of low noise type ones. Combined with reasonable process layout and 5-20m planting insulation strip and approx. 100m buffer zone to residential areas, environmental noise level during operation will comply with the related standards. Transport vehicles (based on 5t of capacity per vehicle) to carry sludge and small amount of raw materials should increase to maximum 15 vehicle per day and will only operate daytime.

Table 6.26 Noise projection during operation

Value(dB[A]) Sub-project Noise source

Daytime Night

Class

HuanTai WWTP 53.8 45.3 Class II

Weihai No impact (only sewers)

Yantai Noise of WWTP during operation

Class III

Qixia Pumps, blowers, sludge belt filter

53~57 46~54 Class III[1][2]

Weifang No impact (only sewers)

Zaozhuang No impact (only sewers)

[1] Standard for Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-90)

[2] Standard for Noise in Urban Area (GB3096-93)

According to our information, the applicable noise standard at WWTP boundaries is Grade II. The current noise level at Yantai WWTP is not conform to this standard (at night). The noise projections established in the EIAs show that noise from WWTPs



during operation will conform with Class III in Yantai and Qixia. The real impact will be limited in the short term, since the nearest residents live far away. However, with extension of urbanization, additional measures will have to be taken to reduce the noise impact from WWTPs. Noise will be monitored during WWTP operation as part of the EMP.

6.6.2 Impact on air quality Major sources of odors from WWTPs are the aeration tank, sedimentation tank, sludge condensation tank, sludge dewatering zone, etc. Treatment plants will adopt processes which produce low levels of odor, and provide 100 m of sanitary protection distance. According to comparison analysis for field smell in sewage treatment with general aeration method, the odor concentration 100 m away can comply with the related standards and should not cause unpleasant impact on the people living in surrounding residential areas. During operation, sewers and pump stations generally do not emit odor pollutants, if they are appropriately operated. Pump stations may possibly release some odors, but impact is uncertain as they are located far from the nearest residential area. Therefore no significant impact from odor pollutants of pump stations is expected. Air quality projections have been made using a simple dispersion model and show that the impact will be limited. The monitoring results of current air quality around WWTPs are all satisfying.

Table 6.27 Predicted impacts of WWTPs on air quality

Sub-project Predicted impact on air quality

Huantai The WWTP is situated downwind of the prevailing wind direction

Yantai After completion of the project, it is estimated that the maximum concentration of NH3 around the west plant boundary will be about 0.0787 mg/m3, which is much lower than the standard specified in GB14554-93.

According to the air pollution projection, the sanitation protection distance for this project is determined to be 200 m. Since the nearest village to the WWTP site in this project is more than 800 m away, there will be almost no impact on the villagers. However, the stench from the wastewater treatment process and the sludge storage should also be cautiously prevented with proper measures.

Qixia It is projected that there is generally no adverse impact on the surrounding villages.

And 200m protection distance has been considered in the project.

The impacts on air quality will be mitigated by greening projects, pollution source management, reasonable layouts of the WWTPs, and land use planning. The bar screen well and screened slag packing should be located inside buildings. Common ventilation system will be provided to vent odorous gas from high level. Good maintenance and operation of the treatment process will be necessary to limit the emission of odors from the system. Planting separation strip and 100m buffer zone will minimize risk of unpleasant smell for the nearest residents. Air quality will be monitored during WWTP operation as part of the EMP.



6.6.3 Impact on surface water quality

Bailang river in Weifang Weir on Xiaokang river in Gaomi – in the current

situation, water is collected behind the weir and treated in Chengbei WWTP

6.6.3.1 Reduction of pollutant loads to the environment

By collecting and treating wastewater, the project will lead to an overall reduction of the current pollutant load from domestic and industrial sewage, and of the additional pollution that would be generated by future growth of urban population and activity. The reduction in pollutant loads to rivers can be estimated as shown in the table below. Load reduction is calculated as the difference between design influent quality and design effluent quality.

Table 6.28 Reduction of pollutant loads to the environment

Load reduction7 Sub-project Main recipient water body

BOD SS NH3-N P8

t/yr t/yr t/yr t/yr

Gaomi Xiaokang river 5 256 6 935 934 29

Qixia Bailang river 1314 1752 256 26

Huantai Dong Zhulong River and Yuejin River

5877 7154 818 77

7 8 PO4-P for Qixia



Load reduction7 Sub-project Main recipient water body

BOD SS NH3-N P8

Weifang Baiyang river 2 707 3 572 481 15

Zaozhuang Dongsha and Xisha rivers 1 971 2 601 350 11

6.6.3.2 Resulting expected improve of surface water quality

The resulting improve in river water quality has been estimated with a simple dilution model:

o in Huantai, the COD concentration in DongZhuLong river is expected to decrease from 241 mg/l to 134 mg/l – which is still much higher than the requirement of 20 mg/l for Class III;

o in Qixia, it is predicted that the COD Cr concentration at section 2 of Baiyang River will decrease from 184 to 62 mg/l –higher even than Class V. This is problematic, since Bailang river flows into Menlou reservoir (ca 15 km away), which is a water source for Yantai.

6.6.3.3 Local impact of WWTP discharge

Discharges of effluents from WWTP will not cause significant impacts in the current situation, seen the bad river quality. However this impact could increase comparatively when rivers get cleaner. Therefore effluents and river water should be carefully monitored during operation and measures taken if the impact becomes important or if the WWTP starts dysfuntioning. In Qixia, the local EPB has required that the WWTP effluent should comply with Grade IA (instead of usual grade IB), because of the presence of a drinking water source downstream. However, the currently chosen process (oxidation ditch) will not allow to reach a sufficient effluent quality. This issue is still pending (change process or discharge in other watercourse).

6.6.3.4 Overflow from combined sewage networks in Weifang

The final design of sewers in Weifang has not been decided yet. Combined collection of rainwater and sewage implies to use intercepting box culverts of dimensions 1.5x1.5 up to 3.5x2.9 m. The culvert design is based on collection of a rainwater flow of 1-year return period, which minimizes the flow according to Chinese design standards, usually based on a 3 to 5 years return period. The dry weather sewage flow would be 41,200m3/d. For the design rain, the flow of the left side of box culverts in the river course is estimated to be 21.8m3/s and the flow of the right 20.9m3/s. An alternative would be to reduce the interceptor size compared to the initial design, in order to collect only part of the combined rainwater+sewage in the interceptors, and let the rest overflow into the river. The collected wastewater would be treated in the WWTP. The option of storing the first rain in a storage basin for later treatment was considered too costly and has not been considered.



According to the draft EIA report for Weifang, the concentration of the mix of wastewater and rainwater is over 500 mg/l COD for the first flow, 140 mg/l on average over the rain duration, and under 30 mg/l by the end of the rain. These figures are relatively well-known from measures in other cites. Environmental carrying capacity of a water body: E=k*CSewage*V River+(CTarget-CBase)*QRiver Where: E is the environmental carrying capacity K is parameter taken equal to 0.08 for COD in similar situations as Weifang CSewage is the pollutant concentration VRiver is the water body volume CTarget is the target pollutant concentration CBase is the base pollutant concentration in the river QRiver is the river flow.

The target river water quality for Bailang river is Class V (landscaping water body), i.e. a COD concentration lower than 40 mg/l. Since the water is Bailang “river” is stagnant (water is only released very occasionnaly from the reservoir), the river’s environmental carrying capacity is almost zero. This is why the interceptors have been designed to collect the entire rainwater flow. Even by assuming an extra flow in the river due the inflow of sewage (ca. 40 m3/s in total), and for a rainfall of 1 day duration, it is expected that no more than ¼ of the combined sewage volume could be accepted by the river, depending on the background COD concentration in the river. So that a large volume of wastewater has to be stored or collected anyway before being treated. The acceptable sewage volume could be much more important of course if only the tail of the flow was discharged into the river.



Table 6.29 Comparison of alternatives for the sewer network in Weifang (source: Weifang EIA)

Compared item Interception box culvert + pretreatment station

(Scheme I) Interception box culvert + rainwater adjusting storage scheme + pretreatment station (Scheme II)

Interception box culvert + rainwater adjusting storage scheme (scheme III)

Direct engineering fund 1.95 hundred million yuan 2.6 hundred million yuan 1.34 hundred million yuan

Operation fund (only to calculated the fund in rainy days)

27760000 yuan 45600000 yuan 67780000 yuan

COD gross into Bohai River

76.54T 419T 1317.1T

Intercepting effect good Partial intercepted, effect is relative bad

Partial intercepted

Environmental harnessing effect

better better Not reach standard

Occupied land small Large land, in city area, required to land acquisition, relative high land price

many

Number of equipment Small Many many

Operation management Easy Complex Complex

Social benefit Good, no secondary pollution

Worse, with secondary pollution

worse

Ecomonical benefit Good, investment once, benefit for a long time

Worse, depended on for a long time, a large of equipment for operation

Worse, depended on for a long time, a large of equipment for operation

River water source in added city section

Can not Can Can

6.6.4 Impact on seawater quality

6.6.4.1 Reduction of pollutant load to sea

Through the combination of lesser pollutant loads to the rivers in the different cities, the total pollutant load to the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea will also globally decrease. The table below shows the direct abatement of pollution to the sea that will be achieved after project implementation in Weihai and Yantai.

Table 6.30 Reduction of pollutant loads to the Bohai sea

Pollutant load reduction tons/year

Sub-project BOD SS NH3-N P9

9 PO4-P for Qixia



Pollutant load reduction tons/year

Sub-project BOD SS NH3-N P9

Weihai 4 408 5 817 784 24

Yantai 6424 8176 1226 204

6.6.4.2 Outlet from Yantai WWTP

The effluent from Xinanhe wastewater treatment plant in Yantai will be discharged to the sea by a pipe. Wastewater is sterilized. 2 alternatives (outlet at 7 m depth and outlet at 10 m depth) were compared by dispersion-dilution modelling. Since both alternatives satisfy the seawater quality criteria, the cheapest solution is chosen, i.e. the pipe will discharge at a depth of 7 meters.

Table 6.31 Seawater quality achieved for both alternatives (model results)

COD NH3-N TP

7m 1.81 0.38 0.028

10m 1.49 0.27 0.021

Criteria (Class II) 3 0.30 0.030

6.6.5 Maintenance and monitoring The above impact assessment shows that SDEP II should have a globally beneficial impact on surface water quality. However, this impact will remain benefical in the long run only if operation and maintenance of the collection and treatment systems allow the pollution abatement to be as effective as planned in the designs. Maintenance of collection and treatment facilities and performance monitoing are therefore essential to the obtention of the expected environmental benefits.



Box 2 – Sludge dewatering and thickening

The initial water content of sludge straight from the sewage treatment process may reach 98% to 99%. To allow for easy and economical handling, the sludge is dewatered. This should allow the reduction of water in the sludge to a level around 80%, sometimes even less. The GB-18918-2002 standard requires that sludge should be stabilized. Sludge can be stabilized through anaerobic digestion or aerobic treatment (composting).

Sludge dewatering

Sludge dewatering includes processes for removal of water from sewage treatment plant sludge to reduce the cost of subsequent treatment processes or prior to sludge disposal as a concentrated liquid. Dewatering processes are similar to thickening processes, but higher solids concentrations are achieved. Typical sludge thickening processes include:

• Belt filter press dewatering

• Centrifuge dewatering

• Screw press dewatering

• Plate and frame dewatering

Dewatering of secondary sludge leads to concentrations in SS of about 20%.

Sludge stabilization

Sludge stabilisation are processes performed on thickened waste solids from biological processes. The purpose of stabilisation is to reduce the volatile solids and pathogen content in the sludge so they can be safely disposed or used for land application. Stabilisation processes also reduce the volume of the solids. Typical sludge stabilisation processes include :

• Aerobic Digestion

• Air Drying

• Anaerobic Digestion

• Composting

• Lime Stabilisation

Aerobic digestion is the biochemical oxidation of wastewater sludge in aerobic conditions in open or closed tanks. Aerobic digesters are operated in batch mode or continuous feed mode. In either case, there may be a solids settling step, where the aerated solids are allowed to settle to the bottom. The stabilised sludge is drawn off the bottom or from the mixed tank.

Air drying beds are shallow paved, or earthen basins where thickened waste sludge is allowed to naturally dry.

Anaerobic digestion is the biochemical oxidation of wastewater sludge in the absence of free oxygen in closed tanks. During the process, methane is released as the organic material is degraded.

Composting is a process where aerobic organisms degrade and disinfect already thickened sludge. The sludge is mixed with bulking material, such as wood chips, to provide the necessary porosity for adequate aeration. The sludge is then laid over a network of porous piping and aerated. The stabilised sludge can then be used as fertiliser.

Lime stabilisation is the addition of alkaline compounds to raise the pH of the sludge mixture. Holding the sludge mixture at a high pH for an extended period of time will remove pathogens.

6.6.6 Management of sediment and sludge

6.6.6.1 Sludge production

Wastewater projects have definitely a huge beneficial impact on urban environment, but wastewater treatment means also sludge production, with a risk to concentrate and release contaminants if the sludge produced is not appropriately collected, handled



and safely disposed. Solutions are required to minimize the amount of sludge produced and to implement safe disposal facilities.

Table 6.32 Expected sludge production by WWTPs (data from individual EIAs) 10

Sub-project Capacity (m3/d)

Dry Sludge production (t/d)

Dry Sludge production (t/y)

Dry solids content (%)

Wet sludge production (t/d)

Wet sludge production (t/y)

Huantai 70,000 18.0 6 582 20-25 70 25 640

Yantai 120,000 23.3 8 486 25 93 33 945

Qixia 20,000 3.6 1 314 25 14 5 256

Total 48 17 562 50 193 70 611

According to these data from the individual sub-project EIAs, the total of sludge produced by SDEP II WWTPs will be about 70 000 tons/year or ca. 200 tons/day of sludge at 20% dry solid. We note that these values seem underestimated, as commonly accepted sludge values may range from 280 to 450 kg of dry solids per 1,000 m3 of sewage treated. Current BIOLAK process in Xinanhe even produces over 600 kg/1,000 m3 treated (see Annex 3). Therefore Table 6.33 presents a more precautionary estimate of wet sludge production. The data from Table 6.33 will be used for further impact assessment in the CEA.

10 Also WTPs produce a small amount of sludge: Sub-project Plant Capacity

(m3/d) Dry Sludge production (t/d)

Dry Sludge production (t/y)

Dry solids content (%)

Wet sludge production (t/d)

Wet sludge production (t/y)

Chengnan WTP 45,000 0.5 200 ca. 20 2.7 1 000

Chengbei WTP 30,000 0.4 140 ca. 20 1.9 700

Gaomi

Kanjia WTP 30,000 0.5 140 ca. 20 1.9 700

Huantai WTP 100,000 1.9 700 ca. 20 9 3 370

As for the solid waste components, Heze and Rizhao leachate treatment facilities also produce a small amount of sludge, this will be dumped on the sanitary landfill



Table 6.33 A more precautionary estimate of wet sludge production (t/d)

Sub-project EIA estimate 280 kg of dry solids/1000 m3

450 kg of dry solids/1000 m3

Huantai 18.0 19.6 31.5 Yantai 23.3

33.6 54 Qixia 3.6 5.6 9 Total 48 59 95

6.6.6.2 Production of solid waste from WWTPs

In addition to the sludge, the volume of solid waste from screen bars will also need handling, transportation and disposal. The volume is generally at least equivalent to that of the sludge, but with a solid content of 40%.

Table 6.34 Estimate of daily solid waste production from WWTPs

Sludge (t/d) Screen bar waste (t/d) Sub-project

Dry solids Wet sludge Dry solids Wet waste

Total (wet, t/d))

Huantai 19.6 98 19.6 49 147

Yantai 33.6 168 33.6 84 252

Qixia 5.6 28 5.6 14 42

Total 59 295 59 148 443

About 440 tons/day of wet waste will need to be evacuated from the 3 WWTPs. Wet sludge alone represents over 2/3 of the total. Cumulated sludge and screen bar waste production until 2020 is presented in the table below.



Table 6.35 Cumulative sludge production until 2020

City Item11 2008 2010 2015 2020

WWTP operation capacity (m3/d) 70,000 70,000 70,000 70,000

Annual Sludge Production (tons/year) 91,980 91,980 91,980 91,980 Huantai

Cumulative Sludge Production (tons) 91,980 275,940 735,840 1,195,740


Annual Sludge Production (tons/year)

161513 161513 161513 161513 Yantai

Cumulative Sludge Production (tons) 161513 484 538 1 292 100 2,099,663


Annual Sludge Production (tons/year)

15,330 15,330 15,330 15,330 Qixia

Cumulative Sludge Production (tons) 15,330 45,990 122,640 199,290

Since sludge specific weight is slightly over 1, the volume of sludge to be handled is approximately equal to the weight in tons.

6.6.6.3 Anticipated sludge quality

Due to its high nutrient and organic matter content, sludge from WWTPs can be a good fertilizer for agriculture. But high concentrations of heavy metals and sometimes organic pollutants, as well as the presence of some pathogens, can prevent the diposal of sludge on agricultural land. Sludge application shall conform to standard GB4284-84 (see Annex II). The concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants in WWTP sludge increase with the proportion of industrial wastewater. Sludge quality data are available only for Yantai sub-project (measured from existing WWTP).

Table 6.36 Expected composition of WWTP sludge (mg/kg)

Sub-project

Pb Zn Cu Cd As Cr6+ Organic matter

Huantai No data 50%

Yantai 4.4 362 310 5.6

Qixia No data 50%

6.6.6.4 Sludge Management

After dewatering and stabilization, sludge is generally transported to a landfill by 5-ton trucks. Sludge and transported in enclosed containers, which avoid sludge leakage 11 All weights & volumes for sludge & screen bar waste are related to dewatered sludge ready for transport and disposal.



and flying. The landfills should be provided with combined anti-seeping measures in both vertical and horizontal directions so as to prevent pollution on surface water and ground water from leaching. The leachate and gas generated in landfill should be guided out of landfill in a safe, reliable and applicable way. Sludge from Yantai WWTP will be used for greening if suitable (see below).

Table 6.37 Proposed management of the sludge produced by WWTPs and WTPs12

Sub-project Component Sludge treatment Destination

Huantai WWTP Dewatering Huantai Waste Treatment Plant (Landfill)

Yantai WWTP Aerobic digestion, thickening and dewatering, fly ash and lime are added

Greening or sanitary landfill

Qixia WWTP Dewatered (filter-pressed) and landfilled

Landfill

Table 1. Description of Sanitary Landfills for WWTP sludge

Item(1) Huantai Yantai Qixia Weifang13

Name of Landfill TianGong Fertilizer Co. Ltd.

Solid Waste Treatment Plant of Yantai Environment Sanitation Administration Dept

Distance to WWTP (km) 12 20 8

Date of opening of landfill Dec. 2004 October 2002

Expected closing date To be provided 2022 To be provided

Type of lining used (name & thickness)

To be provided To be provided

Type of leachate treatment To be provided Biological and anaerobic treatment To be provided

Landfill storage capacity (1,000 m3)

To be provided 7,000

[800 t/d (design capacity)]

To be provided

Storage availability by end of 2005 (1,000 m3)

To be provided 600,000 ton already filled (200,000-250,000 ton/year in average)

To be provided

Storage availability for WWTP waste by end 2010

To be provided To be provided

2020 To be provided To be provided

6.6.6.5 Sludge Management for Yantai Xinanhe WWTP

The sludge quality of Xinanhe phase I has been monitored as shown in Annex 3 Cadmium exceeds the GB18919 standard for acid soils (5 mg/kg) but could satisfy requirements for alkaline soils (soils are mainly alkaline around Yantai). Therefore the sludge could be used for greening.

12 Sludge from Gaomi WTPs is dewatered by pressure filtration and transported to Gaomi sanitary landfill; sludge from Huantai WTP is transported to Huantai sanitary landfill. 13 For disposal of old waste from Weifang Baiyang river dump



In phase I, fly ash and lime are added to the sludge. The capacity of the process is sufficient to apply it also to the total sludge produced in phase II. This helps dewatering the sludge and has also a certain sterilizating effect. The idea is to use the sludge for greening, and cover it with soil to avoid possible spreading of bacteria. Demand for greening soil has been estimated for Yantai and was found to be sufficient for consuming 6 years of sludge production. If the sludge quality is not sufficient, then the sludge will be disposed at the integrated treatment landfill of Yantai. The landfill is designed with vertical and horizontal anti-seeping layers and leachate is treated. Agreements for the use of sludge have been signed both with Yantai Garden Administration and with the Solid Waste Disposal Site.

6.6.7 Water reuse

6.6.7.1 General

The reuse of water from WWTPs is subject “Design specification for sewage reusing project” GB50335-2002 and to the standard GB/T18920-2002 (see Annex 1). Water reuse is encouraged by the national policy “Advocating of sewage reuse in sewage treatment facilities of various capacities based on the principle of economic reasonable, hygiene and security”.

6.6.7.2 Yantai

According to the standards, the outlet water of the second phase project of Xinanhe Sewage Treatment Plant cannot meet requirement of circulating cooling water and it should be advanced treated before being used. But the water can meet requirement of municipal greening (see standard in Annex 2). Cost–effective possibilities of using water for cooling may arise in the future. A general agreement with Yantai Garden Administration Department for irrigation has been signed for water reuse.

6.6.7.3 Zaozhuang

The Zaozhuang project features laying a water reuse pipe from the existing Dongsha and Xisha WWTPs to the Dongsha and Xisha rivers. The water could also be used as irrigation water. Volumes could reach resp. 10,000 m3/day and 20,000 m3/day.



6.7 Impact Analysis and Mitigation during Operation - Solid Waste component

6.7.1 Waste collection Only Rizhao sub-project has a waste collection component. The planned waste collection stations are located in the urban areas on reserved municipal land, making resettlement unnecessary. The waste containers are set into a pit in the ground and can be lifted out to be emptied into a truck. The containers and the waste transport trucks will be covered so as to minimize odor impact for local residents. The waste collection stations should be regularly cleaned.

Figure 6.2 Waste collection station and waste transport truck (Rizhao)

6.7.2 Waste transport Waste transport to Rizhao and Heze landfills will represent increased truck traffic, with noise, dust, traffic accident risk in crossed villages. Mitigation measures include:

o selection and design of access; o implementation of traffic safety rules; o providing for road signs; o training drivers.

Waste transport vehicles should be air proof to avoid spilling waste onto the road.

Table 6.38 Traffic planned at landfill sites

Predicted daily in-and-outgoings

Heze 175



Predicted daily in-and-outgoings

Rizhao 60

In Heze, there is a plan to upgrade a major North and South transportation link, a part of which includes the access road to the proposed waste management facility

6.7.3 Landfill water management

6.7.3.1 Rizhao

Rizhao landfill site Rizhao landfill site

LINING OF LANDFILL BOTTOM AND SIDES; GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE

The horizontal anti-permeation system will cover an area of 155,430 m2. A drainage layer of sand or stone will be laid under the landfill; then a geomembrane protected by GCL lining, then a leachate draining layer. A system of ditches and multi-pore pipes will drain the groundwater under the plant.

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE AND MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATION

The landfill will be operated in units according to Technical Specifications for Sanitary Landfilling of Domestic Refuse (CJJ17-2004). Surface drainage system and landfill gas collection system are built at the landfill surface by stages. Each unit will be provided with an independent water collection system, units are separated by earth dams to separate rainwater flowing into non-operated zones from leachate. The waste is spread and compacted, and daily covered with a 0.5 mm membrane to minimize coverage volume. Intermediate covering will be done with 30 cm earth and a LDPE membrane. 130,000 m3 of excavated soil will be available on site, the total requirement being 170,000 m3, so that 40,000 m3 will have to be brought in. A flood prevention ditch has already been built on the sides of the valley, at a height of 125 m, to prevent rainwater from the hillsides to flow into the landfill (see figure in



annex 1). the flood prevention ditch is designed to receive rainwater for a storm occurrence of once in 20 years, with a duration of 24 hours. Its length is 2107 m. Rainwater is drained at the landfill surface through a system of gullies and discharged without treatment.

LEACHATE, WASTEWATER AND SLUDGE MANAGEMENT

Leachate is drained to the collecting tank and pumped into the regulating tank. The existing treatment facilities are used for treatment. The quantity of leachate is estimated to be at max. 430 m3/day based on infiltration of a 7-day rainfall. Since the waste stack is regularly covered with membrane, rainfall infiltration will be minimal, and the leachate quantity is not supposed to exceed 300 m3/day. The leachate tank is covered to avoid bad odour, and biogas from the tank is collected to be burnt. The existing facilities are:

− a sewage regulation basin of 60,000 m3; − a sewage treatment plant of a capacity of 300 m3/day; − a pipeline of 4 km carrying the leachate to the municipal sewer and ultimately

to Rizhao Dongqu WWTP. The designed leachate and wastewater treatment capacity is 300t/d. The influent/effluent water quality and statutory discharge criteria are given in the table below.

Table 6.39 Rizhao – Design criteria for the treatment of leachate Level II under Standards for Pollution Control for Landfilling of Domestic Refuse (GB16889-97)

Contaminants Influent Quality(mg/L) Discharge Criteria (mg/L)

BOD5 ~5000 150

CODcr ~10000 300

SS ~700 200

NH3-N ~800 25

The leachate is treated by a secondary activated sludge process. Sludge from the different process steps is collected and concentrated before being landfilled.

LANDFILL REMEDIATION

After operation, the landfill will be covered in the following way, bottom-up:

− gravel gas drainage layer; − clay layer; − LDPE membrane; − earthwork cloth; − gravel water drainage layer; − fertile soil (over 50 cm).

Vegetation will be grown on the soil layer.



6.7.3.2 Heze

HezeTable 6.40 Heze landfill operation process

LINING OF LANDFILL BOTTOM AND GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE

The landfill will be 3 meters deep. The bottom is leveled according to a slight slope (0.5%) and compacted. The bottom of the landfill will be imperviously lined by successive layers of bentonite, geomembrane and clay. A groundwater drainage system will be set up under the landfill. A leachate draining system is set up at the bottom of the landfill.


The waste is stored so as to form a slight slope, and comptacted, so that water can flow out of the site. The landfill is covered daily with local clay. This clay will provide from the initial site excavations and from the construction of a reservoir 5 km away, in the framework of the South-to-North water diversion project. In rainy season, rainwater is collected and treated together with the leachate.


The treatment plant generates rainwater and leachate from the landfill and wastewater from the waste treatment process. Daily leachate yield from the landfill is estimated to be 126 m3 after 10 years. Leachate is collected by means of a drainage system that is built into the landfill. Average discharge of wastewater from the process is about 32 m3/day.The mix of wastewater and leachate is biologically treated so as to reach a Grade III effluent standard, and is then delivered to the city wastewater treatment plant. Wastewater can be re-used for the fermentation process. 75 kg of sludge are produced daily from the wastewater treatment facilities, they are recycled within the plant or landfilled. Clean water for process, for fire control and for domestic use at the plant is pumped from a groundwater well and stored in a clean water storage tank.



− Cubage of leachate adjustment & storage pool: 15 000 m3 − Water consumption: 37 400 m3/year


Provisions are taken for covering the landfill once it is filled, so as to avoid infiltration of rainwater, collect potential infiltration below the top layer, and cover the landfill with vegetal soil. The closed landfill will be suitable for planting in the future.

Current view of the brick plant at Heze Surroundings of Heze future landfill site

6.7.3.3 Zaozhuang

LINING OF LANDFILL BOTTOM AND GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE

The depth of the underground water is about 7-8m, from east to west. At present, there is 20-60 thick refuse in the pit, it is impossible to built a leachate collection system at the bottom of field.


Rainfall will be separated from refuse to reduce the leachate yield. A clay bank will be built to avoid water infiltration from the side after landfill coverage. A blind channel of 6-7m deep and 1.5m wide will be dug in the south side of the field, in which the collection pipes and detritus are paved, and drain the leachate flowing from the inside of field to outside.


The leachate yield is estimated as follows: (2) Calculation of Leachate Yield The leachate yield is forecasted by adopting the following forecasting model, the calculation formula is Q=px Sx ci/3 65 Where: P rainfall ( mm) S collection water area in the landfill field (m2) OEt rainfall leakage quotiety after landfill coverage, choose 0.2 as the typical value.



Table 6.41 Estimate of leachate yield

Annual average Maximum monthly average

Maximum daily average once in 30 years

Leachate yield (m3/d) 3.4 12 252

Design leachate amount is 252m3/d. By comparison with similar sites, the water-quality of wastewater is designed as follows: CODEr 8000mg/l BOD5 3500mg/l NH3-N 800mg/l SS $ 600mg/l PH 6.2-8.3 The project proposal discusses 2 alternatives: 1/ treatment of the leachage with subsequent discharge into the Dongsha River (900m west of the landfill) and 2/ transportation without treatment by pressure pipe to city WWTP (the distance from landfill field to waste water treatment plant is about 8km). The standards to respect are the following:

o for alternative 1/, the treated leachate should reach Class I of standard GB8978-1996 for wastewater emissions;

o for alternative 2/ the leachate should comply with regulation CJ0382-1999 for quality of wastewater to city sewers, i.e.Class III of standard GB8978-1996;

As proposed in the project, alternative 1/ allows to reach Class III only. Alternative 2 is not acceptable seen the leachate quality. The local EPB is currently examining the question of whether the leachate could still be accepted into the sewer system, seen the small volumes involved and the dilution with other wastewater.


Landfill coverage from top to bottom is planned as follows:

o Biogas drainage layer with 30 mm thick detritus?? o 200 g/m2 cloth o 20 cm thick clay o HDPE geomembrane 30 cm thick o Nutrient soil 20 cm thick o Plants.



Zaozhuang landfill Rizhao leachate storage tank

6.7.3.4 Conclusions on water quality impacts

IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY

The remediation of the old waste dump in Zaozhuang will reduce groundwater pollution from leachate, since rainwater infiltration will be minimized. There will be no impact of Rizhao and Heze landfill sites on water quality as long as the sites are functioning according to their design. The landfilled waste will be totally isolated from the possibly underlying groundwater. Landfill leachate and wastewater are collected, treated, and discharged into the municipal sewage system. The design target for the treated wastewater is Grade III.

MITIGATION AND MONITORING MEASURES

Monitoring of groundwater and surface water quality is necessary to detect any possible rupture of the landfill bottom lining or dysunctioning in the collecting system. Plant wastewater effluents should also be monitored. Emergency systems should be established to store rainwater and leachate in case of dysfunctioning of the treatment systems.

6.7.4 Biogas management

6.7.4.1 Heze

Biogas produced in the landfill is collected by means of vertical wells filled up with stone (gabion wells), placed every 50 m. An intermediary exhaust system is built when the landfill will be 20 meters high, consisting of ditches filled with stone. The gas is extracted through perforated tubes placed in the rock cribs. The gas emission should be monitored continuously, and possibly burnt according to the resulting methane concentrations. Production of gas is estimated to be 3 million m3/year. Emissions are also produced from the fermentation process. Heze will possibly apply for a Carbon Finance project.



6.7.4.2 Rizhao

The sewage gas produced is collected by using vertical gas-guiding rock cribs and blind ditches within the level layers. During the first period of the garbage landfill, a small automatic methane-burning tower is set on the top of the gas-guiding rock cribs by which the produced sewage gas can be burned on site. As the waste fermentation has grown mature and high concentration of sewage gas is produced, the tower will be replaced by the gas-collection equipment through which the sewage gas produced can be collected and transported into the biogas station. There the gas is clarified and compressed. The venting pipes of the biogas station transport the gas for three different uses: the first is to the management area of the refuse disposal plant where the sewage gas is used as energy sources of cooking and heating with the used amount of 200 Nm3/h, and the second is to another methane-burning tower through which the surplus sewage gas can burned safely with the maximum gas consumption of 600 Nm3/h, and the third is to the gas-transporting pipelines after being pressurized through the sewage gas compressor, which can be used as energy source of the cooking by nearby residents. It is estimated that the amount of gas generated will be able to provide energy to 1000 households in 2011, increasing to over 3000 in the period 2015-2025, to decrease again to 1000 in 2032. Before 2011 and after 2032, gas production will not be worth using for city households. The reduction in GHG emissions obtained through gas collection is estimated to be 1,075 million tons of equivalent-carbon dioxide.



6.7.4.3 Zaozhuang

Biogas yields have been estimated using the “School Canyon model”.

Table 6.42 Estimates of Biogas yields for Zaozhuang landfill

Volume of actual landfill gases

Landfill coverage time Actual landfill gases yield

C02 equivalent

104 m3/year Years 104 ton 104 ton

1379.58 1 1.855 38.95

1074.42 2 1.445 30.34

836.76 3 1.125 23.63

651.67 4 0.876 18.40

507.52 5 0.682 14.33

395.26 6 0.531 11.16

307.83 7 0.414 8.69

239.73 8 0.322 6.77

186.71 9 0.251 5.27

145.41 10 0.196 4.11

113.24 11 0.152 3.20

88.19 12 0.119 2.49

68.69 13 0.092 1.94

53.49 14 0.072 1.51

41.66 15 0.056 1.18

Biogas would be collected by means of vertical pipes and an horizontal air transportation layer. Vertical pipes are easier to build in the existing dump than stone cages. A vacuum ges extraction system is not considered necessary since landfill capacity is large. In a first stage, biogas would be only monitored and burned. It could be used for fuel in a second stage, once the process is mastered and the yield sufficient.



6.7.5 Management of residual waste and compost from Heze synthetic treatment plant

Part of the MSW treated in Heze will be recycled, part disposed on the landfill, and the waste with high organic content will go into 2 fermentation steps to produce compost (see Figure 4.3 and table below).

o the total final disposal on landfill site (including residuals from incineration) is estimated to be 280 tons/day;

o 105 tons/day of compost will be produced; o 163 tons/day of refuse will be incinerated.

Refuse is burnt at Heze’s existing incinerator (capacity: 400 tons/day). The possibility of using the compost in agriculture has been estimated as follows: the need for peony area is 160 000 ton/year, with the compost produced by the future Heze synthetic treatment process amounting to 35 000 tons/year only (105 tons/day). Even if the need for compost should be expressed in terms of N, P and K contents and not only in tons, it appears that there would be a sufficient market for the obtained compost. Heze has signed an agreement with the peony garden district for selling the compost that is produced by the plant.

Table 6.43 Final output of Heze Solid Waste Treatment Plant

Type Final plant output (tons/day) Part of total MSW mass

Rough material (sold for recycling or burnt) 10 2%

Paper, metal and plastic (sold for recycling) 33 5%

Burnt at existing incinerator (non-plastic material) 163-residuals=90 14%

Landfill 207+ residuals from incineration=280 42%

Compost 105 16%

Water 32 (96 produced and 64 sprayed back in fermentation process) + some extra wastewater

5%

Gases and water vapour from fermentation process 110 17%

Total 660 100%

Daily yeald of landfill leachate after 10 years 163



6.7.6 Nuisances to residents from landfill sites

6.7.6.1 Noise from treatment plant and landfill site operation

Noise impact of landfill and treament plant operation in Rizhao and Heze will be insignificant since the nearest residents are located at least 900 m from both sites. Impact from waste collection (traffic and operation of waste collection stations) will be more significant. Collection activities should be planned so as to avoid nuisance during the night. Noise should be monitored and a grievance mechanism should be established for residents.

6.7.6.2 Odors

In Heze, about 110 tons/days of gaseous emissions will be produced by the fermentation process. Air from the pre-treatment workshop and the primary fermentation tank are fanned to a biofilter. Spraying desodorization is used in the pre-treatment workshop. Gas produced by other workshops is exhausted through the roof wind cowl. Based on the comparable odor experiment on Xuelou Waste Disposal Site, it is found that the stench could be easily perceived within 200 m. However, since the proposed waste treatment plant is equipped with the reduction, utilization and hazard-removal measures instead of a naturally landfill site like Xuelou Waste Disposal Site, the stench impact should be lower. It is projected that the impacted scope for this project is within 500m. With view to the nearest villages Qiuzhuang and Yuwa to the southeast and west of the site, odor-removal process should be installed for the waste fermentation workshop, the generated biogas should not be emitted without burning, and the greening belt should also be constructed to isolate the stench impacts. These mitigation measures are all the more important since global air quality in Heze is currently not up to the standards. In Rizhao, odors should be of Grade II at 30m from the landfill site, and no odor at 50 m; besides due to the location of the site in a natural valley, no impact from site operation is expected on residents. Potential impacts from waste collection are mitigated by the use of covered waste collection stations and modern waste collecting trucks. At Zaozhuang, the coverage of the landfill will reduce the current impact on nearby residents. Odors should be monitored during operation on landfill sites, around waste collection stations, and around the routes for waste collection.



6.7.6.3 Air quality

Dust will be produced from handling of waste, and from the composting processes. Dust at the landfill will be controlled by sprinkling water. In Heze, some light substances that can be blown by the wind might be emitted from the waste selection process (waste paper, plastic etc.). This should be avoided through careful sorting at the beginning of the treatment process. In Rizhao, the dust affect distance is estimated to be lower than 100 m.

Table 6.44 Summary of nuisances to residents and mitigation measures

Noise Odor/air quality Dust

Heze Insignificant Possible impact from site operation

Possible impact from site operation

Rizhao From traffic and collection

Possible impact from traffic and collection

Possible impact from site operation

Zoazhuang Potentially from leachate treatment plant, limited

0 after project completion

0 after project completion

Mitigation for all sites Monitoring – grievance mechanism

See text above See text above

6.7.6.4 Development of pests

To avoid the development of rodent and insect populations, the landfill and waste collection stations should be kept clean, pools of accumulated wastewater should be cleaned, and personnel should be trained to use appropriate pest control chemicals.



6.8 Cumulative Impacts

6.8.1 Necessity for controlling the emissions from industries to sewers The control of emissions of industrial waster water to municipal sewers is integrated into the proposed sub-projects and into the National Environmental Policy objectives so as to limit the pollutant loads to WWTPs. We may reasonably expect a progressive reduction in heavy metal contamination of sludge in the coming years as the result of the implementation of these strategies. During future operation, industries discharging to the wastewater network should be strictly controlled for ensuring that the industrial discharges to the wastewater networks do not exceed the allowed concentrations and loading rates.

6.8.2 Summary of sludge, waste, sediment and compost flows Below is a summary of all the final waste material flows that will have to be treated during SDEP II operation (excluding Solid Waste, and excluding construction waste). Seen the fact that other projects are also planning new WWTPs, river rehabilitation works, and solid waste management, with corresponding amounts of sludge and waste to be treated, waste management plans should be established at district and provincial level to coordinate these material flows and minimize the pollution and nuisance risks.

Table 6.45 Summary of waste material to be disposed (excluding construction waste)


Component Product Quantity Destination

Gaomi Water Supply Sludge/waste from WTP 2400 t/yr Landfilled

Huantai Water Supply Sludge/waste from WTP 3370 t/yr Landfilled

Huantai Wastewater WWTP sludge and waste 53655 t/yr Landfilled

Yantai Wastewater WWTP sludge and waste 91980 t/yr Greening or landfilled

Qixia Wastewater WWTP sludge and waste 15330 t/yr Landfilled

Weifang Wastewater Pre-treatment grit and sludge14 small Landfilled

Weifang River rehabilitation

Dredged sediment

Old dump waste

1,940,000 tons

400,000 m3

Landfilled in Weifang sanitary landfill

Zaozhuang River rehabilitation

Dredged sediment 139,000 tons 85 900 for greening; rest landfilled in Zaozhuang Urban Sewage Treatment Center

Zaozhuang Solid Waste Leachate plant sludge (?) 46 t/yr Landfilled

Heze Solid Waste Leachate plant sludge 23 t/yr Landfilled

Heze Solid Waste Compost 38325 t/yr Fertilizer

Rizhao Solid Waste Leachate plant sludge 55 t/yr Landfilled

14 A pre-treatment facility will possibly be used to treat combined wastewater during rainfall.



6.8.3 Conversion of nonpoint source pollution to point source pollution A negative impact of additional wastewater collection and treatment could be the transformation of nonpoint source pollution into point source pollution. In other words, even if the total pollutant loads to rivers decreases, the aquatic ecology of rivers could suffer from receiving WWTP effluents locally. In the case of Shandong, the effluents from WWTPs will comply with Grade B, Class I (or Grade A, Class I for Qixia) of aquatic pollutant standards as stipulated in “Pollutant Discharge Standards for Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant” (GB18918-2002). Seen the current quality of rivers, the impact of such WWTP discharges will not be significant in the near future. However the WWTP effluents and local river quality should be monitored to identify possible negative impacts.

6.8.4 Impacts on surface water resources The improvement of surface water quality thanks to better sanitation will increase the availability of clean water for drinking water supply. E.g. with the improvement of water quality in Baiyang River, the water use safety of Menlou Reservoir downstream Qixia will improve. There is a risk that competition arises over water resources from the South-to-North water diversion project, since several water supply projects are currently planning to use this resource (see Recommendations section).

6.8.5 Greenhouse gas emissions

Table 6.46 Summary of biogas production

Landfill Annual production of biogas

Heze 3,000,000 m3/year

Rizhao 4,818,000 Nm3/year

Zaozhuang 5,000,000 m3/year

6.8.5.1 Heze

110 tons/day of emissions are produced from the fermentation process. These emissions are supposed to be mainly CO2 and water vapour. Scientific literature about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generally concludes that composting is globally beneficial to the GHG emissions balance. The exact effect depends on the composition of the waste and of the control of the composting process. The possible reduction of GHG emissions through biogas collection has not been estimated yet but could be significant (same order of magnitude as Rizhao, see below).



6.8.5.2 Rizhao

The reduction in GHG emissions obtained through gas collection is estimated to be 1,075 million tons of equivalent-carbon dioxide.

6.8.5.3 Zaozhuang

Possible reduction in GHG emissions in the same order of magnitude as Rizhao.

6.8.6 Planning The different infrastructure components proposed in a same city should be planned in a coherent way. For instance, when planning to build a wastewater collection network and a WWTP, the WWTP should be able to operate at the time the wastewater starts arriving at the plant. When planning water supply and water treatment, the wastewater collection system should be able to cope with the extra water. A landfill site should be operational before a WWTP starts producing sludge or before dredging operations start.



6.9 Environmental Risk Analysis

6.9.1 Safety of dams Five reservoirs are involved in SDEP II Project as either sources of raw water for urban supply or for flood regulation. The Wold Bank December 2005 mission to Shandong conducted initial investigation and assessment of these reservoirs. Results are shown in the table below. A dam safety panel should be established by PMO under World Bank financing.

Table 6.47 Results from preliminary dam safety assessment

Reservoir Usage Safety

Bailanghe Flood control Weifang Local assessment performed in 2002. Remedial works planned for 2007

Xiashan Water supply Gaomi Remedial works should be completed by 2007

Wangwu Water supply Gaomi Remedial works ongoing

Anli Flood control Qixia Local assessment performed in 2000. Remedial should be completed in 2006

Xincheng Water supply Huantai Built in 2001, OK

Gaomi – Xiashan reservoir Weifang – lock of Bailanghe reservoir



6.9.2 Reduction of sanitary risk The Project reduces sanitary risks due to drinking of unhealthy water, the presence of waste, and insufficient sanitation.

6.9.3 Flood risk The Project reduces flood risk in the urban centers of Weifang, Qixia and Zaozhuang. In Zoazhuang, river rehabilitation works will increase the flood risk increases a little on the Yon-An tributary, where there are no inhabitants. In Qixia, the proposed site of the WWTP is only about 500m away from the northern bank of Bailang River. So the risk resulting from the flood, which will cause the malfunction of the WWTP and thus the severe pollution of Baiyang River, should be considered in the project. The flood impacts should be fully considered in the design according to the related national regulations, and a flood prevention dike should be constructed around the plant.

6.9.4 Threat from Industrial Activities As the WWTP will receive part of industrial wastewater, there is still a risk that the release of explosive or toxic products in the sewers affect the plant operation. However, strict regulations do exist related to the discharge of industrial effluents into the urban sewers, and the authorities are implementing a strong policy for the enforcement of these regulations and on the treatment of industrial effluents which should, in the near future, strongly reduce the risk. Accident storage tanks should be constructed.

6.9.5 Risk related to Sludge Management Considering the measures that have been selected for each sub-project for sludge management, the risk for health related to sludge management is considered not significant. The accidental spill of a truck transporting sludge would also be of little effect on health, because a detrimental effect from sludge could only occur from long or repeated exposition to the pollutants possibly contained in the sludge.

6.9.6 Water pollution risk from Landfills Inappropriate management of the landfill, or tearing of the lining membranes, may result in the eventual pollution of aquifers and surface waters. For Heze, the probability of leachate seeping through the bottom is estimated to be 0.01 time per year. Groundwater quality at landfills should be monitored to detect possible membrane failure and storage basins should be built to retain leachate in the case of operation failure.



6.9.7 Overflow and Accidental Spillage from WWTP The occurrence of an overflow (during a rain event) or a major breakdown in the operation of the WWTP may result in the temporary release of untreated wastewater in the river. To minimize risks, emergency power facility and spare pumps are considered in the design for sewage treatment plant. Pipelines should be routine checked. Strict operation regulation and careful equipment maintenance must be followed and performed so as to minimize or even eliminate any abnormal working status. The related environmental authorities shall strength the policy instruction and supervision on sewage treatment plant and help the latter minimize any possible occurrence of pollution accident so as to reduce environmental risk. In Qixia, in the event of power failure, equipment fault or other emergencies, the wastewater will be pumped by means of the wastewater pump house into the emergency water tank for temporary storage. When the WWTP resumes normal operation, the wastewater will be pumped into the oxidation ditch in lots for treatment. The WWTP is provided with a diesel engine power generator with the capacity of 80kW.

6.9.8 Explosion risk

6.9.8.1 Water treatment facilities

An analysis of the risk for explosion should be carried out for the different plants, including (waste) water treatment plants and waste treatment plants.

6.9.8.2 Risk of explosion of landfilled waste and prevention

Accidents of refuse explosion occurred both in China and abroad. Such explosion would impose disastrous impacts on the environment and local residents’ health. In order to prevent such troubles, appropriate engineering measures must be taken. Explosion of refuse falls in to types, i.e. physical explosion and chemical explosion. The physical explosion is due to accumulation of enormous landfill gas in the stack. When the pressure inside the stack exceeds the endurance of the covering course, the accumulated landfill gas would expand rapidly to relieve the pressure, thus resulting into physical explosion. The chemical explosion is due to radical burning of the landfill gas when the gas is mixed with the air to the methane concentration of 5%~15% and open flame happens to be available to ignite the mixture. What’s essential to explosion prevention is that the landfill gas could smoothly emit from inside the refuse stack and that the conditions of mathane ignition, i.e. appropriate concentration, ignition temperature and oxygen content, are available. The following engineering measures will be taken: 1. The landfill gas accumulated inside the refuse stack is diverted in a timely manner. The diversion medium (e.g. gravel) shall have better filtering property than the soil around the refuse landfill so as to avoid the migration of landfill gas into the adjacent land courses;



2. The landfill gas thus emitted and collected shall be utilized in a timely manner in order to avoid air pollution and the mathane volume; 3. Buildings/structures at the landfill shall be kept at appropriate distance from the operating zone and sound ventilation shall facilitated in order to prevent accumulation of methane.

6.9.9 Risk of pollution from chemicals used in water treatment processes

The leakage of Cl2 pipes in the WTPs might pollute the surrounding environment and endanger the health of the operators. However, since only a small amount of Cl2 is reserved in the project, the risk could be controlled with complete preventive and remedial measures, such as leakage prevention treatment of the ground in the Cl2 storage site, the proper choice of anticorrosive material for equipments and pipes in contact with Cl2, sufficient distance between the equipments and works in the storage area, the enforcement of staff safety training, periodical inspection of preventive equipments, etc. The use of chemicals for water treatment can also cause adverse impacts to the health of workers. This impact can be reduced by selecting treatment processes using harmless chemicals, and by implementing strict safety procedures on site (see EMP).

6.9.10 Risk from extra traffic Risk from extra traffic mainly concern the construction period and the entrances to the landfill sites. Road signs and training of drivers are proposed mitigation measures.

7 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES


7 Project Alternatives

7.1 Alternative without Project If population increase and urban growth continue as in the current situation, without implementation of the Project, then:

o the drinking water supply of several cities could not be ensured in the future, since groundwater availability is decreasing and population increasing;

o the national flood reduction objectives could not be attained; o rivers in urban areas would keep their dirty aspect; o pollution to rivers, groundwater and sea would increase due to wastewater

loads, and the objectives of the sanitation programme of the South-to-North water diversion project could not be attained;

o domestic and industrial pollution would remain more diffuse, but the total pollutant load would be higher;

o waste in Heze would have to be all incinerated; o waste in Rizhao would be disposed less safely, and waste collection would

provide more nuisance to the residents; o the old waste dump in Zaozhuang would continue polluting the groundwater ; o without new WWTPs, there would be less landfill space necessary for sludge

disposal; o there would be less competition about water from the South-to-North water

diversion project.

Table 7.1 Reduction of pollutant loads to the environment with SDEP II

Load reduction Sub-project Main recipient water body

BOD SS NH3-N P15

t/yr t/yr t/yr t/yr

Gaomi Xiaokang river 5 256 6 935 934 29

Huantai Dong Zhulong River and Yuejin River

5877 7154 818 77

Weihai Sea 4 408 5 817 784 24

Yantai Sea 6424 8176 1226 204

Qixia Baiyang river 1314 1752 256 26

Weifang Bailang river 2 707 3 572 481 15

Dongsha river 666 879 118 4 Zaozhuang

Xisha river 3033 4002 540 17

15 PO4-P for Qixia



7.2 Alternatives for the Water Supply component

Table 7.2 Alternatives for Water Supply Components

Alternatives Choice Advantages/constraints

Gaomi

Location of Chengxi water purification plant16

Alternative locations for Chengxi water plant:

1. East of Kangzhuang;

2. Liugezhuang;

3. East of Shuangyang;

4. East of Kanjia town.

Kanjia

Lower cost

Number and capacity of the different WTPs17

1: short-term: extension current surface WTPs to 105,000. Long-term: construction Chengxi 50,000

2: short-term: extension current surface WTPs to 60,000, construction Chengxi 45,000. Long-term: extension Chengxi with 50,000.

3: short-term: extension current WTPs to75,000, construction Chengxi 30,000. Long-term: extension Chengxi with 50,000.

Alternative 3 Lower cost

Choice of water source18

1. Xiashan reservoir

2. Wangwu reservoir

Xiashan as a main resource, Wangwu will serve as secondary reservoir.

Double source to secure the water supply

Design of water delivery pipe from Xiashan reservoir19

Double pipe

Directly building a pipe with long-term needed capacity

Single pipe

Long term capacity

Lower cost;

One-time construction

Water treatment process20

Conventional

Advanced

Conventional Cost

Choice of disinfection process

1. chlorination

2. ozonation

3. ultra-violets

Chlorination Longer persistence t han UV

Cheaper than ozone

Potential hazard when manipulating chemicals

Dewatering of sludge and other waste

1. pressure filtration

2. thermal drying

Pressure filtration

Higher cost

Higher efficiency

Huantai

Location of water intake in Xincheng

1: at the outlet gate (northern embankment)

2: at the transmission channel from the eastern

Outlet gate Stable and sufficient water supply

16 Rationale for choice of Chengxi district : convenient location between Xiansha reservoir and Gaomi’s urban area, Flat area, less resettlement and earthworks. Speed up Chengxi’s economic development. 17 Current capacities m3/day: Chengnan 30,000 Chengbei 15,000 Wangwu 20,000 18 Water extraction at Wangwu will not be increased in order to protect the groundwater resources; the water quality of both Xiashan and Wangwu reservoir satisfies the standards for raw water supply. Xiashan has a bigger inflow and storage capacity. 19 Supply security is assured thanks to the 2 different water sources 20 Good quality of Xiashan reservoir water




Xincheng reservoir21

side of the reservoir (used for Xincheng water supply)

Longer water transmission pipeline

More land occupation during construction

Pipeline route 1: along the Shouguang-Jinan highway

2: along the Dazhai Ravine

Dazhai ravine Less resettlement

Location of water purification plant

1. in Xincheng town;

2. southwest of Tangshan town

SW of Tangshan town

Shorter distribution pipeline

Thus higher water safety

Lower chlorine needs

Lower cost

Design of water delivery pipe from the reservoir

1. Single pipe

2. Double pipe

Single pipe Lower cost (supply security is assured by icnluding 1 storage tank)

Water treatment process22

1. primary treatment

2. conventional treatment

Conventional Better pollution abatement

7.3 Alternatives for the Wastewater component

Table 7.3 Alternatives for the Wastewater Component


Huantai

Choice between 1 or 3 WWTPs

1. Option A: 1 WWTP with 79 km sewer network

2. Option B: 3 WWTPs with 65 km sewer network.

1 Lower cost

20% longer sewer network

Treatment process 1. CASS (Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology)

2. Oxidation Ditch

3. A/O

3 Higher pollution abatement

Lower energy consumption

Less land occupation

Lower investment and operation costs

Easier operation

Yantai

Location and capacity of WWTP

1. New WWTP at Mouping

2. Extension Xinanhe WWTP

2 Less land occupation

Lower cost

Extension of Xinanhe WWTP

1. North of current site

2. East of current site

1 Lower impact on economic (farming) activities

Combined or separate sewer system

1. Combined

2. Separate

1 in old areas, 2 in new-built areas

Minimizes discharge of polluted waters to rivers in new- built area, while minimizing resettlement in old ares

Minimizes civil works and costs in old area

Choice of interceptor ratio

1:1

Main intercepting pipes along Beiguan road

1. pipes at both sides of moat

2. the same, but pipe is laid only at one side in some places, and sewage from the two sides is conveyed to this

2 Avoids clearance of 10,000 m2 of buildings, 1785 m of walls, and one transformer

Lower cost

21 Xincheng reservoir is chosen because the Urban Master Plan requires to minimize the use of groundwater 22 Raw water is of low quality




from the two sides is conveyed to this pipe

Pipeline route 2 routes (see FSR) Less land occupation

Pipelines pass under Xiangzhuang Jigeng Road in the forest

Lower cost

Location of pumping station

1. south side of Yan-Wei highway crossing with Yuniao river

2. north side

1 Ease of construction

Choice of treatment process23

1. A2/O

2. BIOLAK

3. Orbal oxidation channel

1 Better N and P removal

Land occupation 5.3 instead of 6.3 ha

Power consumption 0.3 instead of 0.35/0.46 kWh/m3

Better operation convenience (+experience in China)

Lower cost:

Resp. total investment (million RMB), annual operation cost (thousand RMB), unit handing cost (RMB/m3) and unit operating cost (RMB/m3)

1. 114; 22; 0.77; 15; 0.52

2. 112; 24; 0.82; 16; 0.53

3. 129; 26; 0.89; 18; 0.62

Choice of dephosphorization process24

- where to add the coagulant;

- choice of coagulant

Polyaluminium salt added between biological basin and secondary sedimentation basin

Efficiency

Convenience of use

Choice of sterilization process25

1. chlorination with liquid chloride

2. chlorination with chlorine dioxyd

3. sterilization with UV rays

3 Safer operation

Less land occupation

Ease of operation

Sludge management

1. anaerobic digestion;

2. aerobic treatment

2 Simplicity of operation

Lower investment cost

Lower cost

Both alternatives satisfy seawater quality criteria

Design of underwater pipe sea outlet

1. discharge at 7 meter depth

2. discharge at 10 meter depth

1

Options for water reuse

1. circulating cooling water in existing power plants in Mashan Industrial Park or Mouping Development Zone

2. greening irrigation Binhai road

short term: 2

long term: 1 can be discussed

1: investments for delivery are expensive and current consumption possibilities are small

Qixia

Location of WWTP Site 1: close to industrial area

Site 2: farther from industrial area

1 Less damage to existing vegetation

Better convenience for water reuse

Better accessibility

23 Current: BIOLAK process. Current N/P removal not sufficient. Operation of some parts of the process not correct 24 Chemical dephosphorization step proposed since current P removal not sufficient 25 Sterilization is required for discharge into the sea




Treatment processes

1. Oxidation ditch

2. ICEAS

3. A2/O

1 Higher land occupation

Higher power consumption

Ease of operation

Average investment

Wastewater network

Two alternative routes (see FSR) 2 Higher impact on traffic

Lower cost

Zaozhuang

Combined/separate system

1. Combined

2. Separate

1 in old areas, 2 in new-built areas

Minimizes discharge of polluted waters to rivers in new- built area, while minimizing resettlement in old ares

Minimizes civil works and costs in old area

Pipeline route 1. two interceptor mains along both banks

2. one interceptor main in the middle of the river

2 Ease of maintenance

West bank of Dongsha River

1. Along north outer ring road till WWTP in the south

2. north outer ring road-Hongkong St.-Zaozhuang St.-RenDa Wall-along west bank of Xisha river-WWTP

1 Shorter pipe

Ease of connection

Saving the need of lifting pump station

East bank of Dongsha River

1. north outer ring road-Xinhe Rd.-Dongshahe railway bridge-Renmin Rd.-invert siphon-west bank interceptor main

2. Qitao Rd.-Chang’an Rd.-Renmin Rd.- invert siphon-west bank interceptor main

1 Ease of connection

Saving the need of lifting pump station

East bank of Xisha River

1. Along east bank of Xisha River-Shiliquan Rd.-WWTP

2. Xichang Rd.- Shiliquan Rd.-WWTP

2 Limited resettlement

Shorter pipe

Ease of connection

West bank of Xisha River

Along west bank of Xisha River-Shiliquan Rd.-WWTP

Wenhua Rd.- Jingji San Lu-Shiliquan Rd.-WWTP

1 Ease of connection

Table 7.4 Alternatives for Wastewater Components

Alternatives Choice

Advantages/constraints

Zaozhuang

Transverse river section pattern

1. complex section

2. rectangular section

1 More land acquisition and resettlement

Nicer scenery

Higher cost (188 instead of 169 million RMB, including resettlement)

Land appreciation by 100,000 RMB/mu (surplus revenue of 40 million RMB at least)

Rubber weirs or regulating locks

1. rubber weirs

2. regulating locks

Lower cost (174 instead of 214 million RMB)

Nicer scenery

Weifang 1. interception culvert boxes 1 :1 + artifical wetland

1 Interception box culvert + artificial wetland

Rainwater adjusting storage scheme

Cost lower



Alternatives Choice

Advantages/constraints

2. smaller interception culvert boxes 1:2 + stormwater balance tank

Good pollutant removal

Lower power consumption

Large land occupation but out of city area

No water replenishment to the river

7.4 Alternatives for the Solid Waste component

Table 7.5 Alternatives for the Solid Waste component


Heze

Location of treatment plant

1. Yuwayao: North of Heze, 8 km to the center

2. Gengwayao: North-West of Heze, 15 km to the center

1 Longer distance to residential area (m)

Drinking water protection area close to site 2

Larger storage volume

Shorter necessary power line

1. is more in accordance with Urban Master Plan

Lower land value

Treatment scheme 1. sanitary landfill

2. high temperature composting

3. incineration

4. synthetic treatment

4 Minimizes environmental impact

Higher cost

Composting technologies

1. storehouse static aerobic composting

2. silo intermission dynamic composting

3. skip stacking machine turn-over aerobic composting

Lower investment

Ease of operation

Treatment process for leachate and wastewater

1. membrane filtration and discharge into surface water

2. A/O with discharge into municipal sewage system

2 Lower investment and operation costs

Isolation of landfill bottom

1. curtain wall drilling (grouting)

2. lining with on-site available materials and with artificial materials;

3. both

2 2 greater safety than 1

1 lower cost than 3


1. Transportation of waste to other landfill

2. Remediation of old landfill

2 The existing Zaozhuang landfill is not equipped to receive the old waste, so remediation of existing dump is preferred.

1. Treatment of leachate and discharge into Dongsha river

2. Discharge into WWTP sewer

Not decided

8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)


8 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

8.1 Objectives of the EMP A key objective of the Impact Assessment process is to identify the potential impacts on the environment of the activities anticipated in project development, implementation and operation and to develop a set of mitigation measures technically appropriate, financially acceptable and practically applicable in the concerned regions. These mitigation measures are usually identified during the EA stage and then set out in a practical and coordinated way in the Environmental Management Plan. The role of the EMP is to outline the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures. The EMP provides the crucial link between impacts and alternative mitigation measures evaluated and described in the specific EIA reports and the way these measures must be implemented to achieve their mitigation objectives. For each proposed measure, the EMP defines the technical content, the estimated cost, the schedule of implementation, the role and responsibilities of the different persons or institutions, the source of funding and the way to monitor the results.

8.2 Project-wide EMP Individual Environment Management Plans have been proposed by the different EA Design Institutes. They include descriptions of the planned environmental monitoring activities and an estimate of the EMP budget. An Overall Environmental Management Plan has been up for the Project, especially for monitoring the environmental protection activities and reporting them to PMO and the World Bank. A possible organization for environmental protection activities during construction and operation of the sub-ptojects is proposed.

9 PUBLIC CONSULTATION


9 Public Consultation

9.1 Summary All sub-projects except Zaozhuang Solid Waste have conducted a round of public consultation with release of a questionnaire and a meeting with local residents. The sub-project EIAs provide information on the public consultation activities, including a copy of the questionnaire and a summary of the results. A summary of the public consultation activities and results is proposed below. People generally support the proposed sub-projects, but concerns have been expressed by the residents regarding impacts during construction, acquisition and compensation of land, and possible nuisances from plants (landscape – odor – noise). Examples of concerns and wishes expressed:

1. concerns about resettlement and compensation, information needs to be strengthened regarding procedures;

2. residents wish simultaneous design, construction and operation of environmental protection facilities together with the main project items;

3. the residents hope the facilities will be constructed and operated as early as possible;

4. noise reduction measures are to be adopted, and construction during night time should be avoided;

5. effluents should not be discharged until conform to standards; 6. good communication should be established with local community; 7. improve landscaping of the site; 8. noise and dust prevention should be implemented to avoid nuisance to the

public; 9. emergency procedures should be defined to deal with the possible failure of

wastewater treatment facilities; 10. compliance monitoring to be strengthened by administrative departments

Some sub-projects still need to implement a second round of public consultation, and information disclosure needs to be strengthened.



9.2 Activities and results Sub-project

Public consultation activities

Date/time period

Results

Gaomi Questionnaire, meeting

Information disclosure on newspaper and website

July 28th-30th, 2005

Aug. 2nd, 2005

Sep. 19th, 2005

Majority of the people surveyed appreciate the project necessity, and the main concerns lie in the appropriate compensation for farmers due to the occupation of farmland and the impact remediation measures taken during the construction period.

Huantai 100 Questionnaires, 1 meeting

Sept. 12-18, 2005

100% recovery. 99% support the project.

Residents are concerned about the environmental protection measures, they seem well informed about these measures and are concerned about whether they will be applied

Ji’ning Questionnaire July 2005 The people surveyed support the project construction, however, people are still much concerned about the traffic, noise and air impacts due to the project construction and operation.

Weihai Questionnaire, meeting,

Documentation dissemination on newspaper and website

July 28th-30th, 2005

Aug. 2nd, 2005

No result yet

100 Questionnaires 1st consultation 100% recovery. 78% surveyed aware of the project, 57% think the construction of the project is necessary, 61% agree with the site selection, 26% disagree with the site selection. 63% support the construction of the project, 29% against. For immediate implementation of the project, 63% acceptable, 29% unacceptable.

Yantai

50 Questionnaires after disclosure of EIA report (draft)

2nd consultation

Comments on construction period:

Spoil storage time too long

Leaking sewerage pipes polluting environment

Villagers suffer from noise from pumping station

Stench

Sea outfall may aggravate the local offshore pollution, affecting the fishery production

Qixia Questionnaire, meeting Aug.7th-17th,2005,

Sep.10th-14th, 2005,

Sep. 26th, 2005

The project necessity has been realized by majority of the people surveyed, and the main concerns are related to the farmland compensation and the environmental protection measures during the construction and operation period.

Questionnaire Octobre 2005 Weifang

Consultation meeting Dec. 25, 2005

The significance of the project has been recognized by most of the citizens surveyed, however, 15% of them stillhave questions about the resettlement

Zaozhuang - wastewater

Questionnaire Unknown 100% recovery. 91.5% surveyed support the construction of the project, but hope no construction during the night, also countermeasures to ensure safety and environmental protection.

Heze 203 Questionnaires March 10, 2005 100% recovery. 94% surveyed support the construction of the project. Recommendations from the public are:

Protection forest to be established around the site

Construction to be started as early as possible

The “three simultaneous requirements” to be observed so as to minimize the adverse effect on environment (EP taken into account during design, construction and operation)

People are concerned by the fees that will have to be paid.



Sub-project

Public consultation activities

Date/time period

Results

Meeting with 82 people in the meeting room of Yuwa Village

May 16, 200

Documentation dissemination on website

1st consultation- information disclosure Nov 11, 2005

Questionnaire and interview

2nd consultation

Nov 15-21, 2005

Rizhao

Questionnaire Dec. 26-30, 2005

Cf below

9.3 Details per sub-project

Gaomi

Type of consultation/interview/meeting

Organizing institute Participants (number, important people)

Date Location World Bank requirements

Questionnaire Gaomi Water Company, Shandong Environment Science Research & Design Institute

100 residents directly or indirectly affected around the plants including officials, worker, farmer, teacher, etc.

Jul. 28th-30th, 2005

Chengnan WTP, Chengbei WTP,

Ganjia WTP

OP4.01 and the appendix

Meeting Gaomi Water Company, Shandong Environment Science Research & Design Institute

People directly or indirectly affected around the plants

Aug. 2nd, 2005

Meeting room of Gaomi Water Company

HuanTai




Questionnaire Huantai Water and Sewerage Company, Shandong Environment Science Research & Design Institute

100 residents in service areas, including officials, workers, farmers, teachers, etc.

Sept. 12-18, 2005

Tangshan Town

Xingjia Town

Huoli Town

Tianzhuang Town


PRC Environment Law

PRC EIA Law

Meeting



WeiHai




Questionnaire 100 residents in service areas, including officials, workers, farmers, teachers, etc.

July 28.-30, 2005 ???

Meeting Weihai Water Authority??? ??? August 2, 2005

????


PRC Environment Law

PRC EIA Law

YanTai




Questionnaire 100 residents directly or indirectly affected around the plants including officials, worker, farmer, teacher, students, etc.

WWTP area

Questionnaire 50 dwellers from 4 villages near WWTP.

WWTP area


Qixia




Questionnaire Qixia State-owned Assets Operation Company

Shandong Environment Science Research & Design Institute

100 residents directly or indirectly affected by the WWTP and river rehabilitation projects

Sep. 10th-14th, 2005

Qixia Economy Development Zone, Yandi Village, Nanqiao Village, Sishui Village, Zhongqiao Village and Lvjiazhuang Village of Zangjiazhuang Town


Meeting Qixia State-owned Assets Operation Company

Shandong Environment Science Research & Design Institute

People directly or indirectly affected by the WWTP and river rehabilitation projects

Sep. 26th, 2005

Office building for the Administration Committee of Qixia Economy Development Zone

Weifang




Questionnaire Weifang Bailang River Environment Comprehensive Rehabilitation Project Office, Shandong Environment Science Research & Design Institute

Residents around the project site, and other people in the urban area

Oct.,2005

Villagers’ houses, related ommunities and various public places




Zaozhuang- wastewater collection and treatment




Questionnaire 200 residents (108 within 100m of the project) including local residents in the 7 affected villages, officials, worker, farmer, teacher, etc.


Zaozhuang- solide waste




Heze




Questionnaire Shandong Environment Science Research & Design Institute

203 residents, 11 within 1km of the site, the remaining from two villages nearby, including officials, worker, farmer, teacher, students, businessman, etc.

Yuwa, Qiuzhuang Zhanghai, Lihongzhou, and Dingmiao


Rizhao




Interviews Shandong Academy of Environmental Science ; Rizhao Urban Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd.

Residents living in the villages around the site

Nov 15-21

Villagers homes

9.4 Information Disclosure Document Disclosure Date Location

1 Gaomi



Document Disclosure Date Location

Draft EIA Sep.19th, 2005 Weifang Daily

http://www.sdgmzls.cn (Website of Gaomi Tap Water Co. Ltd.)

2 Huantai

Sept.9-16, 2005 Huantai Broadcast Station

3. Ji’ning

No information disclosure

4. Weihai

EIA (draft) (proposed)

5. Yantai

EIA (draft)

6. Qixia

Questionnaire release notice

Aug. 7th-17th, 2005 Qixia Broadcast & Television Bureau

7. Weifang

Introduction of the project, its potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures

Nov. 17, 2005 http://www.wfdpc.gov.cn (Website of Weifang Development and Reform Committee)

Agriculture application of Sludge, progress of project, EIA results

Jan. 6, 2006 http://www.wfdpc.gov.cn (Website of Weifang Development and Reform Committee)

8. Zaozhuang

9. Zaozhuang – solid waste

10. Heze

Notification of the construction of project and EIA available for consultation

Dec. 21, 2005 Heze Daily

11. Rizhao

Nov 11, 2005

Dec.23, 2005

http://www.rzjs.gov.cn/

ditto

10 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS


10 Conclusions and Recommendations

10.1 Project justification The Project complies with urban development plans and with environmental regulations and programmes in Shandong Province. As such, it will improve the environment in the near future, and support urban growth and economic development. According to Chinese standards, the sub-projects have been designed to protect water and air quality, minimize nuisances, save energy and reduce GH emissions.

10.2 Summary of environmental impacts The Projects will globally improve the environment by improving health conditions and quality of living in the urban areas, and improve river water quality and seawater quality in the near future compared to the current situation. There are no significant negative impacts on ecology, water quality and air quality, provided the design conditions are respected (see below). The sub-projects will have some temporary impacts during construction, but these can be mitigated by appropriate measures. The most significant negative impacts will be:

− land acquisition and resettlement; − quality of living for residents near the plant locations (including smells, noise,

landscape, air pollution and extra traffic); − amounts of WWTP sludge to be disposed of and risk of pollution from this

sludge. The most significant environmental risks are the risk of groundwater pollution through leachate, the risk of explosions at landfills and the risk of accidental release of untreated wastewater at WWTPs. About 1300 mu of land will be acquired for the building of water plants, WWTPs, pumping stations, and the landfill in Heze and for river rehabilitation. The land, as well as the revenue from the land, will be compensated for, and .living standards of the affected people will be restored. During public consultation, residents have expressed their concerns over land acquisition and resettlement, and have also expressed their need to be better informed about the regulations for compensation and relocation.



The Project includes several water reuse components, which will help reducing water scarcity in the Province. Besides, since the Project will improve water quality, it will also contribute to a better water availability in the Province. Finally, the Project will possibly lead to GHG emission reductions.

10.3 Recommendations

10.3.1 Note on the EIA The CEA is based on assumptions made in the individual EIAs regarding: :

− population increase; − water demand; − wastewater projections; − waste production projections; − waste composition; − projections for sludge composition.

These assumptions determine the extent of some of the environmental impacts. New assumptions on sludge quantity production were used for the CEA.

10.3.2 Main recommendations During operation, adverse environmental impacts of the projects will be minor only if the sub-projects comply with their designs and if the assumptions taken in the designs are verified. This mainly concerns the assumptions about sludge and waste composition, but also about predicted population and industrialisation, water demand, and quantity and quality of sewage produced, including possible variations. During operation, the advice is to strictly monitor the sub-projects performance to ensure that the design objectives are met when the sub-projects will operate under real conditions and when the facilities will be ageing. If performances are not sufficient, then measures should be taken to resolve the problem:

− provisions for incinerating the sludge if use as fertilizer appears (temporarily) impossible;

− emergency water supply plans including provisions for alternative water supply;

− emergency plans at WWTPs including provisions for emergency storage;

10.3.3 Wastewater component

10.3.3.1 Odors and noise

Baseline monitoring data show that hte standards for air quality and noise are sometimes not respected around WWTPs. Extra provisions should be taken to monitor



air quality and noise during operation and take isolation measures or improve technology if necessary.

10.3.3.2 Monitor the performance sub-projects and keep up-to-date with new technologies

The wastewater sub-projects as they are designed will lead to an overall environmental benefit compared to the current situation. However, the performance of these sub-projects should be carefully monitored in the future. Experience shows that WWTP pollution abatement performances often do not reach the design performance, especially when wastewater loads evolve over time in terms of quantity or quality (cf Yantai experience as described in the FSR). In the current situation, the discharge of wastewater plants represents a small load of pollutants to surface water compared the overall pollutant load carried by the rivers. But when water quality improves, it will be necessary to be more careful about this pollutant discharge. Thus abatement performance should be monitored and improved if necessary.

10.3.4 Waste management The feasibility of the waste projects and especially of composting and biogas recovery relies on amounts of waste produced and on waste composition. It is necessary to monitor the project performance and take alternatives measures if the planned goals are not achieved. It is suggested to implement source waste reduction programs in parallel to the development of landfills.

10.3.5 Plan waste and sludge disposal Considering that the load of sludge from water and wastewater treatment plants and the amount of composted waste that can be used as agricultural fertilizers will increase in the future, it is advised to plan the use and disposal of different types of waste at the City and/or Province level.

10.3.6 Reduce the industrial pollution load to sewage systems One prerequisite to the long-term feasability of the Project is to reduce the load of industrial pollution to the municipal sewage system. This to :

− reduce the quantity of wastewater; − decrease the presence of toxic substances in the final product, because these

àuy could prevent the use of sludge as fertilizer.; − prevent a too high day-to-day variability of wastewater composition and

quantity, which makes treatment more difficult. This strategy is already put in place at national level.



10.3.7 Water resources management Improving the supply of healthy water is necessary in the Shandong area and justifies the proposed water supply sub-projects. However, in the overall context of increasing water scarcity for Shandong Province, it is advised to carefully manage the available water resources:

− the water supply projects should be accompanied by water saving measures (mainly monitor and improve network efficiency, save industrial water etc.);

− cities located in the same water resources basin (e.g. Qixia discharging into Yantai Menlou reservoir) should plan the use of their resource at basin scale;

For all cities, it is suggested to engage in overall prospective planning of water resources to forecast avoid conflicts over water use, especially for water bodies which cross city borders.

10.3.8 Pending issues Pending design issues to date with significant impact on the environment:

o In Qixia, the chosen wastewater treatment process will probably not allow a sufficient quality of the treated wastewater (Grade IA has been required by EPB for discharge into Bailang river). Another solution is being designed;

o In Zaozhuang, a final choice has to be made about leachate treatment process

and discharge.

0 ANNEX 1 – PROJECT MAPS AND FACT SHEETS


Annex 1 – Project Maps and Fact Sheets

0 ANNEX 2 – ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS


Annex 2 – Environmental standards Air ......................................................................................................................... 153 Surface Water........................................................................................................ 155 Drinking Water quality standards........................................................................... 157 Groundwater.......................................................................................................... 159 Seawater................................................................................................................ 160 Noise ..................................................................................................................... 161 Wastewater emissions............................................................................................ 162 Environmental Vibration Standards ....................................................................... 164 Electromagnetic Radiation..................................................................................... 165 Standard for sludge Reuse in Agriculture............................................................... 166 Standards for Reuse Water..................................................................................... 168 Standards for waste disposal and treatment ............................................................ 168

$,5�For a comparison of the different air quality standards, see also the table with air quality monitoring results in Annex 3.

ENVIRONMENTAL AIR QUALITY

Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095—1996) with regulation GB3095-96 for Fluoride and standard for maximum concentration of Chlorine, Ammonia and H2S from Industry Designing Sanitary Standards (TJ36-1979). NB: standard GB3085-1996 has been modified on January 6th, 2000 for NO2 concentration limits.

Environmental Air Quality Standard

Concentration limits Pollutants

Hourly average

Daily average

Yearly average

Source of standards and units

SO2 0.50 0.15 0.06

NO2 0.24 0.12 0.08

TSP 0.30 0.20

(GB3095ü1996)

(mg/Nm3)

Fü 7 20 (GB3095ü1996) (µg/m3)

Cl2 0.10* 0.03

Ammonia 1.20

H2S 0.01

mg/m3

Referring to highest allowable concentration of living quarters as per industrial design sanitation standard (TJ36-79)



AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF CROPS

Standards for the Protection of Crops (GB9173—88) set the maximum concentration of some air pollutants in order to preserve the safe consumption of crops.

Air pollutant concentration limits for protecting crops

Pollutants Sensibility Average concentration in growing season

Daily average concentration

Any time

Crops

Sensitive crop

0.05 0.15 0.50 Winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, soybean, ginger, spinach, cabbage, and so on

Medium sensitive crop

0.08 0.25 0.70 Rice, corn, cotton, tobacco, tomato, broomcorn, etc.

SO2

(mg/m3)

Insensitive crop

0.12 0.30 0.80 Horsebean, , taro, strawberry, etc.

NOx

(mg/dm2d.day)

Sensitive crop

1.0 5.0 Winter wheat, earthnut, sugar cane, apple, peach, pear, etc.

Middling sensitive crop

2.0 10.0 Barley, rice, corn, soybean, broomcorn, cabbage, etc.

Insensitive crop

4.5 15.0 Cotton, tea, helianthus, eggplant, capsicum, potato, etc.

EXHAUST GAS EMISSIONS

Exhaust gas adopts Comprehensive Emission Standards of Air Pollutant (GB16297-1996).

Standard for Air Pollutant Discharge

Standard, Grade Pollutant Concentration Limit, mg/m3

Pollutant Discharge Limit (mg/m3), Fume Blackness (Lingman Grade) and Stack Height (m)

SO2 Discharge Limit

TSP Discharge Limit

Fume Blackness

Stack Height

Standard for air pollutant discharge of industrial furnaces & kilns

Metal Rolling, Forging, Reheating Furnace, Heat Treatment Furnace

850 200 1 ³ 15

Pollutant Highest Allowable Pollutant Discharge Concentration, mg/m3

Highest Allowable Discharge Rate, kg/h

SO2 550 2.6~170 (exhaust duct 15~100m high)

NOx 240 0.77~52 (exhaust duct 15~100m high)

TSP 120 3.5~8.5 (exhaust duct 15~60m high)

Pollutant Monitored Uncontrolled Discharge Concentration, mg/m3

SO2 Highest concentration outside perimeter: 0.40

NOx Highest concentration outside perimeter: 0.12

Standard for integrated air pollutant discharge, Grade II

TSP Highest concentration outside perimeter: 1.0



EMISSIONS AT BOUNDARIES OF WWTPS

At boundaries of WWTPs, Emission Standards of Air Pollutant (GB16297-1996) Grade II and Standard for Pollutant Discharge of Sewage Treatment Plants in Cities and Towns (GB18918-2002), Grade II shall apply.

Highest Allowable Waste Gas Discharge Concentration at the Boundary (Edge of Protective Belt) of Sewage Treatment Plants Unit mg/m3

No. Controlled Item Grade I Standard Grade II Standard Grade III Standard

1 Ammonia 1.0 1.5 4.0

2 H2S 0.03 0.06 0.32

3 Odor concentration (dimensionless)

10 20 60

4 Methane (highest volumetric percentage in the plant, %)

0.5 1 1

685)$&(�:$7(5�� National standards for surface water quality previously enforced successively by GB3838-1983, and GB3838-1988 were recently revised in 2002 (GB3838-2002). The water bodies are divided into five classes according to their utilization purposes and protection objectives:

− Class I is mainly applicable to spring water and to national nature reserves. − Class II is mainly applicable to first class of protected areas for main sources

of drinking water, for the protection areas of rare fish species, and for spawning grounds for fish and shrimp.

− Class III is mainly applicable to second class of protected areas for main sources of drinking water, and to protected areas for the common fish and for swimming areas.

− Class IV is mainly applicable to the water for industrial use and entertainment which has no direct contact with human body.

− Class V is mainly applicable to water bodies for agricultural use and landscape requirement.

Some parameters not covered by this standard adopt the Class I of the Fishery Water Quality Standards (GB11607—89) and of the Wastewater Comprehensive Emission Standards (GB8978—1996).



Environmental Quality Standards of Surface Water (GB3838-2002) Unit: mg/l (excluding pH)

Ref Parameter Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V

1 pH 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9

2 DO ³ 7.5 (or 90% sat)

6 5 3 2

3 COD Mn ≤ 2 4 6 10 15

4 CODCr ≤ 15 15 20 30 40

5 BOD5 ≤ 3 3 4 6 10

6 N-NH3 ≤ 0.015 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

7 Total Phosphorus (P) ≤ 0.02 (0.01)* 0.1 (0.025)* 0.2 (0.05)* 0.3 (0.1)* 0.4 (0.2)*

8 Total Nitrogen (N) ≤ 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

9 Copper (Cu) ≤ 0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

10 Zinc (Zn) ≤ 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0

11 Fluoride (F) ≤ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5

12 Selenium (Se) ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02

13 Arsenic (As) ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1

14 Mercury (Hg) ≤ 0.00005 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001

15 Cadmium (Cd) ≤ 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01

16 Chromium (Cr6+) ≤ 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1

17 Total lead (Pb) ≤ 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1

18 Total cyanide (CN-) ≤ 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2

19 Volatile phenol ≤ 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1

20 Oil ≤ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0

21 Anionic detergent ≤ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

22 Sulphide ≤ 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0

23 Coli forms (number/L) ≤ 200 2000 10,000 20,000 40,000

*Value within bracket for lakes and reservoirs *Fishery water quality standards, ** Class 1 of Waster water comprehensive emission standards



'5,1.,1*�:$7(5�48$/,7<�67$1'$5'6�The Drinking Water Quality Standard GJ3020-1993 is presented below.

Water Quality Standards of Drinking Water

Ref Parameter Limits for Class 2

1 Colour no obvious colour

2 Turbidity

3 Smell and taste No obvious smell and taste

4 pH value 6.5 to 8.5

5 Total hardness by CaCO3 (mg/L) <=450

6 Dissolved Fex+ (mg/L) <=0.5

7 Manganese (mg/L) <=0.1

8 Copper (mg/L) <=1.0

9 Zinc (mg/L) <=1.0

10 Volatile hydroxybenzene (by phenol) (mg/L) <=0.004

11 Anion synthetic detergent (mg/L) <=0.3

12 Sulfate (mg/L) <250

13 Chloride (mg/L) <250

14 DTS (mg/L) <1000

15 Fluoride (mg/L) <=1.0

16 Cyanide (mg/L) <=0.05

17 Arsenic (mg/L) <=0.05

18 Selenium (mg/L) <=0.01

19 Hg (mg/L) <=0.001

20 cadmium (mg/L) <=0.01

21 chrome +6 (mg/L) <=0.05

22 Pb (mg/L) <=0.07

23 Ag (mg/L) <=0.05

24 Beryllium (mg/L) <=0.0002

25 N-NH3 (mg/L) <=1.0

26 Nitrate by Nitrogen (mg/L) <=20

27 COD KMnO4 (mg/L) <=6

28 Benzene (µg/L) <=0.01

29 DDT (µg/L) <=1

30 BHC (µg/L) <=5

31 BaiJunqing (mg/L) <=0.01

32 Total coli form group (no./L) <=10000

33 Total ¢ radioactivity (Bq/L) <=0.1

34 Total £ radioactivity (Bq/L) <=1



Domestic Potable Water Sanitation Standard (GB5794-85) for raw water

Ref Quality Indicators Values

Visual Quality and General Chemical Indicators

1 Chromaticity �15�. No other abnormal color is allowed.

2 Turbidity �1NTU and �5NTU in special cases

3 Odor and smell No abnormal odor or smell is allowed.

4 Visible substances Nil

5 pH 6.5 ~ 8.5

6 Total hardness (based on CaCO3) 450 (mg/L)

7 Al 0.2 (mg/L)

8 Fe 0.3 (mg/L)

9 Mn 0.1 (mg/L)

10 Cu 1.0 (mg/L)

11 Zn 1.0 (mg/L)

12 Volatile phenol (based on phenyl hydrate) 0.002 (mg/L)

13 Anionic synthetic detergents 0.3 (mg/L)

14 Sulfurides 250 (mg/L)

15 Chlorides 250 (mg/L)

16 Total soluble solids 1000 (mg/L)

17 COD (based on O2) 3mg/L(�5mg/L in special case)

Toxicological Indicators

18 As 0.05 (mg/L)

19 Cd 0.005 (nlg/L)

20 Cr+6 0.05 (mg/L)

21 Cyanide 0.05 (mg/L)

22 Ffuorides 1.0 (mg/L)

23 Pb 0.01 (mg/L)

24 Hg 0.001 (mg/L)

25 Nitrates (based on N) 20 (mg/L)

26 Se 0.01 (mg/L)

27 Tetrochloride 0.002 (mg/L)

28 Chloroform 0.06 (mg/L)

Microbiological Indicators

29 Microbic content 100(CFU/mL)

30 Total coliform group Nil for each 100mL water sample

31 Thermotolerant coliform group Nil for each 100mL water sample

32 Residual chlorine No less than 0.3mg/L after 30min contact with water; �0.05mg/L at end of pipe network (in the case of chloric sterilization)

Radioactive Indicators

33 Total radioactivity 0.5 (Bq/L)

34

Total radioactivity 1 (Bq/L)



*5281':$7(5� Groundwater Quality Standards GB/T14848-1993 is presented in following table.

Quality Standards for Groundwater

Ref Parameter Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V

1 Color <=5 <=5 <=15 <=25 >25

2 Smell and taste non non non non yes

3 turbidity <=3 <=3 <=3 <=10 >10

4 Material can be seen by eyes

non non non non yes

5 pH 6.5 to 8.5 5.5 to 6.5

8.5 to 9

<5.5,>9

6 Total hardness(byCaCO3)(mg/L)

<=150 <=300 <=450 <=550 >550

7 TDS (mg/L) <=300 <=500 <=1000 <=2000 >2000

8 Sulfate(mg/L) <=50 <=150 <=250 <=350 >350

9 Chloride(mg/L) <=50 <=150 <=250 <=350 >350

10 Fe (mg/L) <=0.1 <=0.2 <=0.3 <=1.5 >1.5

11 Mn (mg/L) <=0.05 <=0.05 <=0.1 <=1.0 >1.0

12 Cu(mg/L) <=0.01 <=0.05 <=1.0 <=1.5 >1.5

13 Zn (mg/L) <=0.05 <=0.5 <=1.0 <=5.0 >5.0

14 Mo (mg/L) <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.1 <=0.5 >0.5

15 Co (mg/L) <=0.005 <=0.05 <=0.05 <=1.0 >1.0

16 Volatile hydroxybenzene (by phenol) (mg/L)

<=0.001 <=0.001 <=0.002 <=0.01 >0.01

17 Anion synthetic detergent (mg/L)

Can not be inspected

<=0.1 <=0.3 <=0.3 >0.3

18 Permanganate index (mg/L)

<=1.0 <=2.0 <=3.0 <=10 >10

19 Nitrate (by N) (mg/L) <=2.0 <=5.0 <=20 <=30 >30

20 nitrite (by N)(mg/L) <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.02 <=0.1 >0.1

21 N-NH3 (mg/L) <=0.02 <=0.02 <=0.2 <=0.5 >0.5

22 Fluoride (mg/L) <=1.0 <=1.0 <=1.0 <=2.0 >2.0

23 Iodide (mg/L) <=0.1 <=0.1 <=0.2 <=1.0 >1.0

24 Cyanide (mg/L) <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1

25 Hg (mg/L) <=0.00005 <=0.0005 <=0.001 <=0.001 >0.001

26 As (mg/L) <=0.005 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.05 >0.05

27 Se (mg/L) <=0.01 <=0.01 <=0.01 <=0.1 >0.1

28 Cd (mg/L) <=0.0001 <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.01 >0.01

29 Cr(+6 (mg/L) <=0.005 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1

30 Pb (mg/L) <=0.005 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1

31 Be (mg/L) <=0.00002 <=0.0001 <=0.0002 <=0.001 >0.001

32 Ba (mg/L) <=0.01 <=0.1 <=1.0 <=4.0 >4.0



33 Ni (mg/L) <=0.005 <=0.05 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1

34 DDT(µg/L) No inspected

<=0.005 <=1.0 <=1.0 >1.0

35 BHC(µg/L) <=0.005 <=0.05 <=5.0 <=5.0 >5.0

36 Total coliform group (no./L)

<=3.0 <=3.0 <=3.0 <=100 >100

37 Total number of bacteria (no./L)

<=100 <=100 <=100 <=1000 >1000

38 Total ¢ radioactivity (Bq/L)

<=0.1 <=0.1 <=0.1 >0.1 >0.1

39 Total £ radioactivity (Bq/L)

<=0.1 <=1.0 <=1.0 >1.0 >1.0

6($:$7(5�

Seawater quality standards (GB 3097-1997) unit g/L(except for pH and coliforms)

factors pH DO CODMn Inorganic nitrogen

phosphate oils Total Cr

Grade II 7.8~8.5 >5 3 0.30 0.03 0.05 0.10

Grade III 7.8~8.5 >4 4 0.03 0.3 0.02

Factors BOD5 Cu Pb Zn Cd Non-ionic

ammonia Fecal coliforms (count no./L)

Grade II 3 0.01 0.005 0.050 0.005 0.020 2,000

Grade III 4 10,000



12,6(�NOISE IN URBAN AREAS

Noise Standards of Urban area (GB 3096-95)

Urban area noise standard (LeqDB(A)) Grade Areas applied

Day Night

0 50 45

1 Rural residential area 55 45

2 Mix area of residential and industrial

60 50

3 Industrial area 65 55

4 10 m on both sides along main traffic road

70 55

NOISE AT THE BORDER OF WWTPS AND WTPS

Standard for Noise Levels at the Boundary of Industrial Enterprises, Category II (GB12348-90) applies to urban environmental infrastructure subprojects and environment subprojects. To the boundary close to traffic trunk lines, Category IV applies, which means the equivalent noise level at daytime is 70dBA, that at night 55dBA.

Noise Standards at Industrial Area Border

Standard Category Applicable Zone Daytime Nightime

(GB12348-90) Category II Boundaries of plants in industrial parks (dBA) 60 50

(GB12348-90) Category IV Boundaries close to traffic trunk lines in industrial parks (dBA)

70 55

CONSTRUCTION NOISE

Construction noise adopts Limiting Values in Construction Area (GB12523—90) standards.

Noise Limiting Values in Construction Area Unit: Leq(dB(A))

Limiting values Construction period Main noise sources

Day Night

Cubic meter of earth and stone

Bulldozer, grab, loading truck 75 55

Piling Various pile driver 85 Ban

Construction Concrete mixer, vibrating tamper, electrical saw, etc.

70 55

Fitting Crane, elevator, etc 65 55



:$67(:$7(5�(0,66,216�

GENERAL STANDARD FOR WASTEWATER

Wastewater treatment plant effluents must conform to the National Comprehensive Emission Standards of Wastewater (GB8978-1996), as presented below. Class One shall apply to any effluent discharged into natural water bodies, and Class Three to those discharged to the sewers.

Comprehensive Emission Standards of Wastewater (Unit mg/L except pH)

Ref. Pollutant Class One Class Three

1 PH 6 to 9 6 to 9

2 SS ≤70 ≤400

3 CODCr ≤100 ≤500

4 BOD5 ≤20 ≤300

5 Oil ≤5 ≤20

6 P ≤0.1 ≤0.3

7 N-NH3 ≤15 ü

8 Volatile hydroxybenzene ≤0.5 ≤2.0

9 Sulfide ≤1.0 ≤1.0

10 Fluoride ≤10 ≤20

11 Total Cu ≤0.5 ≤2.0

12 Total Zn ≤2.0 ≤5.0

13 Total Mn ≤2.0 ≤5.0

14 Total Hg* ≤0.05 ≤0.05

15 Total Cd* ≤0.1 ≤0.1

16 Total Cr* ≤1.5 ≤1.5

17 Cr6+* ≤0.5 ≤0.5

18 Total As* ≤0.5 ≤0.5

*Adopts maximum acceptable emission concentration



EFFLUENTS FROM WWTPS

For effluents discharged out of sewage treatment plants, Standard B of Class I in “Standard for Pollutant Discharge of Sewage Treatment Plants in Cities and Towns” (GB18918-2002) (enforced on July 1, 2003) shall apply, as shown in following Table.

Highest Allowable Discharge Concentration of Water Pollutants from Sewage Treatment Plants (Daily Average) Unit: mg/l

Grade I Standard No. Basic Controlled Item

Standard A Standard B

Grade II Standard

Grade III Standard

1 COD 50 60 100 1201)

2 BOD5 10 20 30 601)

3 Suspended solid (SS) 10 20 30 50

4 Animal & plant oil 1 3 5 20

5 Petroleum 1 3 5 15

6 Negative ion surface active agent 0.5 1 2 5

7 Total nitrogen (as N) 15 20 - -

8 NH3-N (as N) 2) 5 (8) 8 (15) 25 (30) -

Built before Dec., 2005 1 1.5 3 5 9 Total P (as P)

Built before Jan. 1, 2006 0.5 1 3 5

10 Color (dilution magnitude) 30 30 40 50

11 pH 6~9

12 Bacillus coli (count/l) 103 104 104 -

Notes: 1) Removal rate indicators shall be higher than 60% when inlet water COD is higher than 350mg/l, higher than 50% when BOD is higher than 350mg/l; 2) Values outside brackets refer to controlled values when water temperature is >12°C, those inside refer to controlled values when water temperature is ≤12°C.



No. Highest Allowable Discharge Concentration of Part of Category I Pollutants

(Daily Average) Standard Value, mg/l

1 Total Hg 0.001

2 Total Cr 0.1

3 Hexavalent Cr 0.05

4 Total Pb 0.1

No. Highest Allowable Discharge Concentration of Selected Controlled Items

(Daily Average) Standard Value, mg/l

1 Total Ni 0.05

2 Total Be 0.002

3 Total Cu 0.5

4 Total Zn 1.0

5 Total Mn 2.0

6 Volatile phenol 0.5

7 Total cyanide 0.5

8 Formaldehyde 1.0

9 Benzene 0.1

10 Toluene 0.1



9,%5$7,21�67$1'$5'� Environmental vibration adopts Urban Area Environmental Vibration Standards (GB10070-88), which applies to mixed area and commercial center area: day 75dB(A), night 72dB(A).

(/(&7520$*1(7,&�5$',$7,21�STANDARD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

Technical Specification for Environmental Impact Assessment of Electromagnetic Radiation for 500kV UHV Power Transmission and Transformation Projects (HJ/T24-1998) and standards recommended by International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) shall apply to 110kV substation and power transmission and transformation projects.

Recommended Electromagnetic Radiation Standard

Standard Item Electric Field Intensity or Magnetic Flux Density

Remarks

Power frequency electric field standard in residential area

4kV/m (HJ/T24-1998)

Radiation power frequency magnetic flux density (magnetic induction density) on the public all-day

1. 1mT

T: Tesla (kgS-2A-1)

Recommended values by International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA)



67$1'$5'�)25�6/8'*(�5(86(�,1�$*5,&8/785(�Sludge from sewage treatment plants shall be stabilized to degrade the organic substance by >40% (organic degradation level during aerobic fertilizing > 50%, worm egg death level> 95% and value of Coliform group >0.01) and reduce moisture down to less than 80%.

Pollutant Limit in Sludge for Agricultural Use

No. Controlled Item Highest Allowable Content (dry sludge, as mg/kg)

Acid Soil (pH�6.5) Neutral & Alkaline Soil (pH!6.5)

1 Total Cd 5 20

2 Total Hg 5 15

3 Total Pb 300 1000

4 Total Cr 600 1000

5 Total As 75 75

6 Total Ni 100 200

7 Total Zn 2000 3000

8 Total Cu 800 1500

9 Boron 150 150

10 Petroleum 3000 3000

11 Benzopyrene 3 3

12 PCDD/PCDF, ng/kg

100 100

13 AOX (as Cl) 500 500

14 PCB 0.2 0.2

Sludge application shall conform to GB4284-84:

− Normally used sludge ≤ 2000kg (per 1/15 of a hectare per year) and continuous sludge application on the same soil ≤ 20 years.

− Sludge application is not suitable for silt sandy soil and field with high ground water level. No sludge application shall be allowed in drinking water source reserve area. Raw sludge must be subjected to pyrolysis prior to application in field. Sludge application is not suitable in vegetable field and pasture used at this year. For acid soil, sludge application shall, in additional to conformance to related standards, be accompanied with lime stone application each year so as to neutralize acidity in soil.

− For sludge which contains various harmful substances approaching the limitations, the application shall be reduced accordingly.

− In case it is found that crops are troubled by sludge application with respect to growth and sanitary quality, the sludge application shall be immediately stopped and the authorities shall be informed in due time so as to take counter-measures accordingly.



Sanitation Code of High Temperature Composting

No. Item Sanitation Code

1 Composting Temperature The highest composting temperature can reach more than 50 55 and lasts 5 7 days.

2 Ascarid Death Rate 95 100%

3 Coliform Bacteria Level 10 1 10 2

4 Fly It can control fly effectively.

City Refuse Control Code for Agriculture

No Item Limit Value of Code

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Sundries ,%

Granularity, mm

Ascarid Death Rate,%

Coliform Bacteria Level

Total Cadmium (calculated by Cd),mg/kg

Total Hydrargyr (calculated by Hg, mg/kg

Total Plumbum (calculated by Pb),mg/kg

Total Chrome(calculated by Cr),mg/kg

Total Arsenic(calculated by As), mg/kg

Organic(calculated by C),%

Total Nitrogen(calculated by N),%

Total Phosphorus(calculated by P),%

Total Potassium(calculated by K),%

PH

Water,%

3

12

95-100

10-1-10-2

3

5

100

300

30

10

0.5

0.3

1.0

6.5 8.5

25 35



67$1'$5'6�)25�5(86(�:$7(5�

67$1'$5'6�)25�:$67(�',6326$/�$1'�75($70(17�The standards for treated leachate water from landfills are as follows:

Standards for Pollution Control for Landfilling of Domestic Refuse (GB16889-97).

Contaminants Level II Discharge Criteria (mg/L)

BOD5 �150 CODcr �300 SS �200 NH3-N �25

0 ANNEX 3 – MONITORING RESULTS


Annex 3 – Monitoring results Baseline Noise Data............................................................................................... 169 Baseline Air Quality .............................................................................................. 171 Baseline Water Quality.......................................................................................... 174 Baseline Groundwater Quality ............................................................................... 177 Seawater quality .................................................................................................... 182 Industrial Wastewater Emissions ........................................................................... 183 Sludge Monitoring................................................................................................. 191 Maps .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Noise monitoring results

City Monitoring point Daytime, dBA Night, dBA Conformity with Grade II of Noise Level in Urban Areas (daytime 60 dBA, nighttime 50 dBA)

Date/frequency of monitoring

East 54.5 45.7

South 51.8 46.5

West 52.3 42.4

Chengnan WTP

North 54.0 40.6

East 54.9 41.3

South 56.8 40.7

West 54.1 40.2

Chengbei WTP

North 56.8 41.7

Proposed site for Kanjia WTP

49.8 40.7

Kanjia Village 49.8 41.9

WW lift PS 54.4 42.3

Gaomi

Dengjiazhuang 50.3 43.6

Conform

WTP 1 50.2 53.8 Conform 31/8/2005

WWTP 2 44.6 45.3

HuanTai

Zhangying Village to the north of WWTP

48.0 47.4

Weihai Average noise level 2004

8 on WWTP/P.S. boundary

52.1 42 Conform 05.11.03

Average

Yantai South boundary

54.8 53.0 South boundary not conform at



boundary not conform at night

East boundary 52.0 50.0

North boundary

51.0 49.8

West boundary 52.1 50

Qixia Around the site North 52.6 44.0 Conform

West 54.2 43.8

East 54.0 44.3

South 53.5 43.9

Weifang Various points 49.5~58.9 42.5~51.7 Conform to Grade II of GB3096-93

No monitoring done. Data from local EPB Report

Zaozhuang

No information

East 48.7 43.4 Conform

South 46.1 43.2

West 42 39.6

Heze 4 points around site

North 45 41.1

Rizhao LiJiaDengZi Village 47.3 44.3 Conform 2005.9.9

Weihai noise Monitoring results. Unit dB(A)

Day time Night Time Monitoring location Date

LAeq LAeq

1# West of Boundary

54.1 46.3

2# East of Boundary

60.0 52.4

3# North of Bundary

53.2 43.9

No.2 WWTP

4# South of Boundary

54.6 47.5

5# West of Boundary

49.1 46.2

6# East of Boundary

46.3 42.5

7# North of Boundary

47.7 43.1

Laoji Pumping Station

8# South of Boundary

05.11.3

47.9 42.9



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Statistics of air conditions

No City Monitoring points Cl2 SO2 NO2 TSP PM10 NH3 H2S Odor Note

Zhangjiabalizhuang 0.015~0.020

0.006~0.008

0.16~0.21

Forestry Bureau 0.015~0.018

0.017~0.021

0.19~0.22

Industrial & commercial Bank

0.016~0.018

0.018~0.027

0.18~0.21

Chengnan WTP

Environment Protection Bureau

0.016~0.017

0.018~0.026

0.17~0.0

Feida Agricultural Products Co.

0.016~0.018

0.032~0.038

0.23~0.28

Construction Team of Road Bureau

0.018~0.021

0.033~0.041

0.28~0.30

Oil&Grease Chemical Plant

0.020~0.021

0.024~0.038

0.23~0.29

Chengbei WTP

Jiangzhuang Transformer Substation

0.019~0.021

0.021~0.036

0.22~0.27

Complies with Environmental Quality (GB3095-1996) Grade II

Kanjia WTP 0.016~0.020

0.002~0.004

0.14~0.16 0.060~0.070

1 Gaomi – all date hourly daily averages mg/m3

WW lift pump station 0.016~0.018

0.005~0.011

0.13~0.16 0.060~0.078

WTP – discharge mg/m3 0.13 2 HuanTai

WWTP – hourly average mg/m3 0.05 0.05

Meets GB18918-2002 and TJ36-79

Max of daily average mg/m3 0.101 0.077 0.150

Min of daily average mg/m3 0.001 0.006 0.015

Yearly average 2003 mg/m3 0.023 0.026 0.072

4 Weihai

Yearly average 2004 mg/m3 0.022 0.026 0.064

Complies with Environmental Quality (GB3095-1996) Grade II

5 Yantai Average of 12 samples on 3 consecutive days (July 18-20, 2005)

0.007-0.020

0.12-0.47 0.0005-0.001

Odour should be monitored. Data seem to comply with GB18918-



comply with GB18918-2002.

6 Qixia One point near the planned WWTP, frequency is unclear but complies with the strictest standard anyway

0.013 0.16 <0.03 0.002 <10 Complies with GB3095-1996 and GB18918-2002

7 Weifang Environmental repor Complies with GB3095-1996

Maternity and child health care center 0.002-0.011

0.002-0.016

East of Jianshe Rd. School 0.001-0.008

0.002-0.026

Northeast of Qianchen Lake 0.001-0.013

0.010-0.032

8-9 Zaozhuang

DaWa Village 0.001-0.013

0.001-0.019

H2S does not comply with TJ36-79

Hourly average 0.004-0.024 (80 samples)

0.011-0.248 (125 samples)

0.002-0.025 (125 samples)

10 Heze

April 5-9, 2005

Daily average 0.010-0.019 (10 samples)

0.136-0.302 (25 samples)

Non compliance with GB3095-1996 3.2% for TSP, with TJ36-79 16% for H2S

Point 1 – hourly average (20 samples) 0.004-0.025

0.002-0.016

0.053-0.135

0.003-0.009

Point 1 – daily average (5 samples) 0.009-0.017

0.010-0.014

0.069-0.100


0.003-0.018

0.053-0.108

0.004-0.009


0.009-0.012

0.050-0.100


0.002-0.014

0.054-0.134

0.003-0.009

10 Rizhao


0.009-0.012

0.082-0.101



Summary of standards Cl2 SO2 NOx TSP PM10 NH3 H2S Odor Note

Hourly average 0.50 0.24

Daily average 0.15 0.12 0.30

Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) (modified on January 6th, 2000) Yearly average 0.06 0.08 0.20

Highest discharge concentration mg/m3

550 240 120 Emission Standard for Air Pollutant Discharge (GB16297-1996)-Grade II

Highest concentration outside perimeter mg/m3

0.4 0.12 1

Standard for Pollutant Discharge of WWTPs (GB18918-2002) - Grade II

mg/m3 1.5 0.06 20

Daily average 0.03 Highest allowable concentration as per Industrial Design Sanitation Standard (TJ36-79)

Hourly average 0.1 1.2 0.01

Rizhao: monitoring points

S/N Name Relative Direction to the project site Relavant distance from the project site(km) Purpose

1# LiJiaDengZi NE 0.9 Residential area Sensitive point

2# LuoJiaChengZi E 1.3 Residential area

3# XieJiaLing NNW 1.8 Residential area

Weihai: monitoring points�

Monitoring points

Name Relevant distance m and direction

Function and purpose

1# Within No.2 WWTP 0 Plant site

2# Goubei Village 200 N Residential area Sensitive point



Monitoring points

Name Relevant distance m and direction

Function and purpose

3# TaiYangCheng 600 S Residential area Sensitive point

4# Within LaoJi Pumping Station Reference point

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Surface water quality monitoring results

Sub-project Monitoring point

Duration and frequency of sampling

pH SS CODMn26

COD Cr 27

BOD5

NH3-N

NO3-N SO42- Chloride

TN TP Cr6+

Pb Cd Phenol

Petroleum

Coliforms

River quality class

1. Gaomi Xiaoxin River, near Chengbei WTP

7.89 48.3 145.5 43.0 2.32 17.5 430.8 0.025

Worse than V

Jiaohe River, near Chengnan WTP

8.04 23.8 19.0 5.65 0.93 1.75 52.5 0.025

IV

Liugou River near Chengnan WTP

July 20th-21st, twice a day

8.11 25 22.7 6.48 0.88 2.37 57.33 0.025

V

6. Qixia 100m upstream of WWTP

One time on Aug. 15

7.25 6.61 ND 0.26 ND ND ND III

26 CODMn is COD measured with permanganate potassium. 27 CODCr is COD measured by reduction with dichromate potassium.



outlet on Baiyang River

2km downstream of river confluence

7.36 6.82 ND 0.26 ND ND ND III

100m upstream of WWTP outlet on Baiyang River

Statistics of 2004[1]

8.2 69.4 7.82 0.257 562

IV

2km downstream of river confluence

8.27 184.95 20.45 3.615 1072

V

[1] Due to the dilution effects by rain water in August, according to the monitoring result of Aug. 15, the water quality of Baiyang River is quite good, which could not represent the pollution situation of Bailang River. Therefore, the monitoring data of 2004 is quoted to project the potential impacts of the WWTP on Baiyang River.

Zaozhuang Surface Water Quality Monitoring Result (Unit: mg/l, no./l)

Sections Time pH CODcr CODmn BOD5 SS NH3-N Ttotal P Cr6+ Pb Cd Phenol Oils Fecal coliforms

Dongshariver

05.09.07.08:40 7.35 42 3.51 7.33 79 1.66 0.081 0.009 N N N 0.134 16000

05.09.07.13:10 7.82 42 7.46 5.07 287 0.798 0.119 0.007 N N N 0.115 16000

05.09.08.08:30 7.92 61 7.00 13.9 66 1.93 0.107 0.015 N N N 0.072 16000

1 100m upstream

05.09.08.13:20 7.80 38 5.33 4.43 55 1.31 0.037 0.014 0.01 N 0.003 0.073 16000

05.09.07.08:20 7.10 65 10.3 16.0 50 15.4 1.091 0.017 N N N 0.082 16000

05.09.07.12:50 7.21 92 8.81 22.6 50 12.8 1.051 0.016 N N N 0.092 16000

05.09.08.08:15 7.80 46 8.76 20.3 50 15.7 0.573 0.014 N N 0.008 0.088 16000

2 Dongsha River@Wenhua Rd.

05.09.08.12455 8.00 53 8.94 30.1 50 22.8 0.947 0.017 N N 0.002 0.080 16000

05.09.07.09:10 7.20 107 12.7 35.6 65 18.5 1.156 0.021 N N 0.013 0.214 16000

05.09.07.13:30 7.54 107 12.3 24.2 50 12.9 1.107 0.020 0.01 N 0.012 0.122 16000

3 100m before WWTP inlet 05.09.08.08:50 8.10 57 9.40 27.1 50 16.5 1.270 0.014 0.01 N 0.005 0.133 16000



05.09.08.13:50 8.20 65 9.86 4.37 64 15.0 1.069 0.015 0.02 N 0.004 0.110 16000

Xisha River

05.09.07.11:00 7.35 46 6.64 13.6 50 2.37 0.259 0.011 0.01 N 0.008 0.051 16000

05.09.07.15:20 7.60 88 5.05 11.8 50 2.20 0.728 0.010 N N 0.008 0.057 16000

05.09.08.10:30 8.20 31 3.60 4.60 50 2.01 0.133 0.012 0.01 N 0.0044 0.052 16000

4 100m Upstream

05.09.08.13:50 8.10 34 4.09 11.0 50 2.85 0.592 0.013 0.01 N 0.003 0.035 16000

05.09.07.09:30 7.70 48 6.10 5.74 50 1.41 0.276 0.004 0.01 N N 0.130 9200

05.09.07.13:55 7.00 53 6.27 5.70 50 2.17 0.487 0.006 N N N 0.182 5400

05.09.08.09:10 8.12 38 5.68 4.93 50 4.07 0.477 0.015 N N N 0.107 9200

5 Before WWTP inlet 100m

05.09.08.14:20 8.00 42 6.06 8.65 50 3.88 0.453 0.014 0.01 N N 0.119 9200

Qicun Tributary @Xisha R

05.09.07.09:50 8.20 42 6.04 5.79 50 1.39 0.251 0.006 N N N 0.047 5400

05.09.07.14:20 7.42 34 5.51 5.60 50 0.545 0.103 0.004 N N N 0.034 5400

05.09.08.09:40 8.40 34 4.10 4.20 50 0.540 0.203 0.008 0.01 N N 0.036 3500

6 100m

upstream

05.09.08.14:50 8.50 36 5.71 3.88 50 0.327 0.248 0.007 0.01 N N 0.039 3500

05.09.07.10:20 8.23 40 7.34 6.01 50 1.35 0.216 0.008 N N N 0.016 9200

05.09.07.14:50 8.10 42 7.16 5.94 50 1.33 0.250 0.008 0.01 N N 0.017 5400

05.09.08.10:10 7.90 34 4.18 4.12 50 1.88 0.183 0.013 N N N 0.019 5400

7 downstream 100m

05.09.08.15:10 8.20 38 5.77 5.70 50 1.68 0.197 0.021 N N N 0.011 5400

Monitoring data of Futuan River Unit mg/l(except for pH)

Parameter

Result pH COD KMnO4 Index BOD5 NH3-N Oils Fluoride

Futuan River 7.65 28 8.7 5 1.2 0.28 0.64

Standard 6~9 30 10 6 1.5 0.5 1.5



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Groundwater quality monitoring results

No. Sub-project

Monitoring point

Note Duration and frequency of sampling

Well depth (m)

T° pH CODMn28

Total hardness

Mineralization degree

Sulphate

Chloride

Volatile phenol

Fluoride

NH4-N

NO3-N

NO2-

NH3-N

Cr6+ Coliforms

Per l

Total bacteria

Per l

Quality class

Suijiatun 8 17 8.23 2.67 410.4 593 228 181 2.41

22.8 0.17 40 232 IV

Luanjiaguanzhuang

For Chengbei WTP 8 17 8.35 2.52 286.5 218 212 1.

35 18.2 0.12 20 168 IV

Nanhanjiatun 8 17 8.18 2.42 318.3 98.4

194 0.08

19.8 0.09 20 108 IV

Zhangjiabalizhuang

For Chengnan WTP 9 17 8.24 2.35 393.4 118 175 0.

92 14.4 0.08 <3.0 158 IV

Hujia Village 8 17 8.13 2.27 522.5 184 157 2.28

21.3 0.15 20 112 IV

1 Gaomi

Xingrenguanzhuang

For Kanjia WTP

July 23rd, 2005, only one time

8 16.5 8.22 2.25 579.4 230 165 3.62

19.4 0.19 20 130 IV

4 Weihai HuanCuiLou Annual average

7.84 0.62 208 0.485

0.058

8 >III

Glassware plante

Annual average

7.70 0.76 242 0.558

0.112

3 >III

6 Qixia 4# well near the planned WWTP

Aug. 15, 2005

120 17 7.83 0.744

272.3 84.2

ND 0.18

10.7 ND ND ND <3 III

6# well near the planned WWTP

120 17 7.80 0.740

270.4 81.4

ND 0.19

10.2 ND ND ND <3 III

28 CODMn is COD measured with permanganate potassium.



Zaozhuang groundwater monitoring results

Monitoring point 1 (Dongsha) 2 (Dongsha) 3 (Dongsha) 4 5 (Xisha) 6 (Xisha) 7

Name Limin Zhouzhuang Yuelou WWTP ChenZhuang ZhangLin New WWTP

Date 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.8

T 22.8 24.7 23.1 24.4 24.7 24.2 23.9 23.5 24.5 24.2 22.3 21.8 21.9 23.9

pH 7.90 7.60 7.24 7.60 7.60 7.50 7.30 7.60 7.20 7.50 8.10 7.60 7.50 7.60

Permanganate index 0.480 0.504 0.720 0.760 0.800 0.840 1.20 1.14 0.680 0.640 1.07 1.04 0.928 0.876

Total hardness 521.0 528.5 520.5 529.5 630.6 632.6 514.5 513.5 454.5 456.5 595.6 594.6 444.4 445.4

Sulphate 179 186 182 182 198 202 181 187 101 103 238 241 28.4 26.0

Chloride 49.9 52.5 51.3 50.6 122 119 96.0 98.2 49.5 52.1 47.6 48.7 41.7 43.9

Volatile phenols N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Fluoride 0.201 0.206 0.197 0.205 0.179 0.190 0.220 0.203 0.195 0.206 0.198 0.188 0.202 0.195

NH3-N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Nitrate 9.14 12.0 10.0 12.2 9.10 11.0 8.05 8.30 12.0 11.2 13.0 13.8 9.33 10.3

Nitrite N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Cr6+ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Coliforms (count no./L 0 0 0 0 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20

Well depth (m) 140 150 20 160 150 150 30



Heze groundwater monitoring result (June 7-8,2004��frequency: twice)

point

time pH Total hardness

mg/L

Permanganate index

mg/L

Sulphate

mg/L

NO3--N

mg/L

Fluoride

mg/L

Total coliforms

No./L

Chloride

mg/L

Well

Depth

m

Groundwater table

m

2004.6.7 7.10 750 1.06 166 3.63 0.65 4 140 16 3

2003.6.8 7.09 747.7 1.08 168 3.73 0.68 4 139 16 3

1#landfill on site

Ave. 7.095 748.85 1.07 167 3.68 0.665 4 139.5 16 3

2004.6.7 7.07 900.9 1.22 142 3.85 0.62 4 230 18 3

2003.6.8 7.06 886.5 1.19 141 3.75 0.62 4 228 18 3

2# shallow well 200m outside NE boundary

Ave. 7.065 893.7 1.205 141.5 3.80 0.62 4 229 18 3

2004.6.7 7.05 947.4 1.11 159 4.06 0.59 8 190 18 4

2003.6.8 7.05 940.9 1.12 159 4.18 0.61 8 189 18 4

3#200m outside SE boundary

Ave 7.05 944.15 1.115 159 4.12 0.60 8 189.5 18 4

2004.6.7 7.02 790.8 0.99 106 6.22 0.42 3 121 200 4

2003.6.8 7.04 784.9 0.98 105 6.37 0.44 3 121 200 4

4# deep well near HongShanTou

Ave 7.03 787.85 0.985 105.5 6.295 0.43 3 121 200 4

2004.6.7 7.07 920.9 1.12 121 4.14 0.59 4 187 8 3

2003.6.8 7.06 904.1 1.12 123 4.20 0.57 4 186 8 3

5# YuZhuang

Ave 7.065 912.5 1.12 122 4.17 0.58 4 186.5 8 3



Huantai Summary of Groundwater Monitoring Results

Numerical Value Item

XueMiao XuDian WangMao BoZhaDian HouZhu

PH 7.69 7.75 7.70 7.89 7.98

Total hardness (mg/l) 527 507 510 1339 1250

Chloride(mg/l) 165 168 170 766 724

Floride(mg/l) 1.00 0.95 1.08 4.44 4.35

NO2-N (mg/l) 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.078 0.077

KMnO4 Index (mg/l) 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.8 2.5

NH3-N (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND

NO3-N (mg/l) 6.11 6.46 7.33 24.4 18.4

Total Coliforms(No./l) 20 20 20 1.6h104 9.2h103

Volatile phenols (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND

cyanide(mg/l) 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.005

Cr6+ (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND

As(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND

Sulfate (mg/l) 219 214 219 645 474

Hg(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND

Cd(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND

Well depth m 62 61 63 15 16

Depth of groundwater m 22 20 21 6 6



Rizhao List of monitoring results of underground water

current monitoring points result

item 1# 2# 3# 4#

pH 7.08 7.15 7.10 7.05

Total hardness 253 295 227 234

Hg 0.00005r 0.00005r 0.00005r 0.00005r

Cr6+ 0.004r 0.004r 0.004r 0.004r

Pb 0.01r 0.01r 0.01r 0.01r

Cd 0.001r 0.001r 0.001r 0.001r

chloride 75 81 48 64

KMnO4 Index 0.88 0.93 1.00 0.80

Coliforms 3 3 3 3

NO3-N 2.79 3.55 3.15 4.33

NO2-N 0.001r 0.004 0.001r 0.001r

NH3-N 0.051 0.048 0.062 0.083

Volatile phenols 0.002r 0.002r 0.002r 0.002r

Rizhao - Monitoring data from current monitoring wells

Current Monitoring points Item

1# 2# 3#

pH 8.5 7.17 6.93

COD 180* 17 13

Note�COD at 1# is discharged level



6($:$7(5�48$/,7<��

Weihai Seawater Quality Monitoring Result (2004)

Unit�mg/L�except for pH and total coliforms� Item pH COD Mn DO Reactive

phosphate Cr6+ BOD5 oils coliforms plate

count/L

Grade III areas SD34 SD30 SD29 annual average

7.84 1.49 7.57 0.011 ND 0.81 ND 203

GB3097-1997 Grade III standard 7.8~8.5 4.0 4 0.030 0.020 4 0.30 10000

Location of monitoring points for Yantai

Yantai Seawater Quality Monitoring Result (July 2005)

Item

Point

Reactive phosphate

SS Pb Zn oils pH Fecal coliforms

CODMn DO BOD5 Non-ionic ammonia

Inorganic nitrogen

High tide

0.057 11 0.003 0.036 0.10 7.76 230 1.76 7.92 1.04 0.0024 0.490 1#

Low tide

0.059 12 0.003 0.038 0.15 7.76 230 1.79 7.90 1.06 0.0027 0.497

2# High tide

0.004 7 0.005 0.045 ND 7.74 230 0.88 8.12 0.76 0.0009 0.028

1#

2#

3#

4#

5#

6#

7# 8

# 9#

121°32 E

121°35 E

37°2

6

1

37

°28

1



Low tide

0.004 9 0.005 0.045 ND 7.74 230 0.93 8.10 0.78 0.0010 0.028

High tide

0.004 9 0.004 0.031 ND 7.92 230 0.92 8.16 0.72 0.0009 0.028 3#

Low tide

0.004 10 0.005 0.033 ND 7.92 230 0.94 8.17 0.72 0.0011 0.033

High tide

0.007 12 0.002 0.017 ND 8.00 230 0.88 7.92 0.76 0.0006 0.038 4#

Low tide

0.006 14 0.002 0.017 ND 8.00 230 0.89 7.94 0.77 0.0007 0.041

High tide

0.006 11 0.002 0.026 ND 8.02 <90 0.80 8.08 0.68 0.0004 0.027 5#

Low tide

0.006 12 0.002 0.026 ND 8.03 <90 0.83 8.06 0.69 0.0004 0.029

High tide

0.006 10 0.001 0.018 ND 7.91 <90 0.76 8.16 0.64 0.0004 0.033 6#

Low tide

0.006 11 0.002 0.018 ND 7.91 <90 0.78 8.10 0.64 0.0005 0.034

High tide

0.011 10 0.002 0.009 ND 7.84 <90 0.87 8.00 0.72 0.0003 0.020 7#

Low tide

0.013 12 0.002 0.010 ND 7.84 <90 0.90 7.97 0.72 0.0003 0.021

High tide

0.014 13 0.001 0.009 ND 7.82 230 0.88 7.92 0.96 0.0003 0.012 8#

Low tide

0.015 15 0.001 0.009 ND 7.73 230 0.90 79.0 0.98 0.0003 0.014

High tide

0.016 14 ND 0.006 ND 7.80 230 0.84 8.12 0.72 0.0004 0.016 9#

Low tide

0.018 14 ND 0.006 ND 7.80 230 0.88 8.10 0.72 0.0004 0.017

,1'8675,$/�:$67(:$7(5�(0,66,216�

1. GAOMI

Key Industrial Polluters in Gaomi

pollutants discharge

CODCr SS NH3-N S/N Source of pollution Wastewater dishcarge t/d

mg/L t/d mg/L t/d mg/L t/d

1 Gaomi Yinying Chemical Fibre Co., Ltd.

9000 295 2.66 57 0.51 4 0.036

2 Man-made Fibre Branch of Gaomi Chemical Fibre Group 2600 240 0.62 47 0.12 2 0.005

3 Gaomi Furi Domestic Textile Corporation

7500 121 0.91 12 0.09 2.7 0.02

4 Shandong Gaomi Shangyangshen Wine Industry Co., Ltd.

500 184 0.09 15 0.008 3.1 0.002

5 Shandong Gaomi Tongli Chemical Co., Ltd. 1500 420 0.63 20 0.03 6.3 0.01

6 Gaomi Xuelong Leather Co., Ltd. 400 280 0.11 12.5 0.005 1.8 0.001

7 Gaomi Rixin Dyeing and Textile Co., Ltd.

400 170 0.07 10 0.004 2.3 0.001

8 Gaomi Jiantao Chemical Co., Ltd. 450 268 0.12 9 0.004 8.5 0.004



pollutants discharge

CODCr SS NH3-N S/N Source of pollution Wastewater dishcarge t/d

mg/L t/d mg/L t/d mg/L t/d

Total 22350 -- 5.21 -- 0.771 -- 0.079

2. HUANTAI

Quality Forecast of Wastewater from Key Polluting Sources

WW Capacity (10,000m3/d) Pollution Load (mg/l)

Ref Served Area Major Enterprises Discharging Wastewater and Treatment Process

Current COD SS NH3-N

Guihe Paper (hydrolysis+oxidation ditch) 0.5 310 338 25

Dahuan (aeration+contact oxidation) 0.04 159 84 16.22

Senmei (aeration+contact oxidation) 0.02 210 417

Xinyu Chemical Fertilizer (air stripping +A/O) 0.05 126 170 53.26

Yuntao Textile (aeration) 0.05 218 113 2

Huanghelong biochemical (contact oxidation)

0.05 238 132 26.22

Guihe Power Station 0.03 80 30 1.0

Industrial Wastew

ater Subtotal 0.74 292 273 23.3

Domestic and other wastewater 0.98 400 230 30

Weighted average of comprehensive wastwater 1.72 354 249 27.1

1

County S

eat

Note For paper mills, the pollution load is based on final wastewater after reuse.

Dongyue Power Station 0.04 80 30 1.0

Wanxin Kehui Power Station 0.04 80 30 1.0

Dongyue Chemical & High-molecule Co. (neutralizing defluorination+electrolysis)

0.20 150 120 5

2

Tangshan T

own (fluride

silicate & chem

istry base)

Industrial Wastew

ater

Huifeng Silk Factory (SBR) 0.04 108 162 20






Zibo Carbon Factory (coagulating sedimentation) 0.05 100 80 3

Baoyuan Chemical (internal electrolysis +neutralization) 0.04 262 160 10

Sub-total 0.41 137 106 6


Weighted average of comprehensive wastwater 0.71 248 158 16.2

Note

Bofeng Compound Fertilizer (air stripping + A/O)

0.20 96 102 25

Jianlong Chemical (internal electrolysis + neutralization) 0.15 124 98 15

Huifeng Petrochemical (aeration + contact oxidization)

0.10 271 326 8

Century Dragon Winery 0.05 150 100 12

Jinmao Chemical

0.05 337 206 15

24 machinery plants 0.07 150 200 5

Industrial wastew

ater

Subtotal 0.62 161 157 16


3

Guoli T

own (developm

ent zone)

Weighted average of comprehensive wastwater 1.10 270 190 23

Chenlong Cogeneration Power Plant 0.03 � 80 � 30 1.0

Chenlong Paper Group (hydrolysis + aeration pond)

0.70 195 368 8

Luxing Auxiliary Agent (neutralization 0.04 385 236 15

A number of chemical enterprises (chemical dosing + sedimentation)

0.21 241 236 15

Industrial Wastew

ater

Subtotal 0.98 209 324 10


Weighted average of comprehensive wastewater 1.22 247 306 14

4

Tianzhuang T

own (P

aper & chem

ical base)

Note

The above data are based on the effluent of enterprise internal treatment facilities.






5 Weighted average of comprehensive wastewater for above 4 towns 4.75 307 306 14



3. WEIHAI

Current Situation of Drainage of Source of Pollution

Quantity of Wastewater (10000 m3/d

Pollution Load mg/l

Serial No. Scope of Service

Main Drainage Enterprise and Current Wastewater Treatment Process

Current Situation

COD SS NH3-N

Guihe Paper Industry hydrolyzation + oxidation ditch

0.50 310 338 25

Daheng airfloat + contact oxidation

Senmei

0.04 159 84 16.22

Senmei air floatation + activated sludge

0.02 210 417

Xinyu Chemical Fertilizer air stripping A/O

0.05 126 170 53.26

Yuntao Textile air floating 0.05 218 113 2

Huanghelong Bilogy Contact Oxidation

0.05 238 132 26.22

1 County town

Wastewater of production

Guihe Power Plant 0.03 � � 80 � 30 1.0

Dongyue Power Plant 0.04 � 80 � 30 1.0

Wanxin Kehui Power Plant 0.04 � 80 � 30 1.0

Shandong Dongyue Chemical and High Polymer Company neutralization defluroridation electrolysis

0.20 150 120 5

Huifeng Throwing SBR 0.04 108 162 20

2 Tangshan Town


Zibo Carbon Plant coagulation sedimentation

0.05 100 80 3



Quantity of Wastewater (10000 m3/d

Pollution Load mg/l

Serial No. Scope of Service

Main Drainage Enterprise and Current Wastewater Treatment Process

Current Situation

COD SS NH3-N

Baoyuan Chemical internal electrolysis neutralization

0.04 262 160 10

BoFeng Compound Fertilizer air stripping A/O

Bofeng Compound Fertilizer

0.20 96 102 25

Jianlong Chemical internal electrolysis neutralization

0.15 124 98 15

Huifeng Petrochemical air floatation contact oxidation

0.10 271 326 8

Shijilong Wine Industry 0.05 150 100 12

Jinmao Chemical 0.05 337 206 15

3

GuoLi Town Development Zone


24 machining enterprises 0.07 150 200 5

Chenlong Thermal Power Plant 0.03 � 80 � 30 1.0

Chenlong Paper Industry Group hydrolyze aeration

0.70 195 368 8

Luxing compounding chemicals Neutralization 0.04 385 236 15

4

TianZhuang Town Base for paper making and chemical industry


Chenlong Rubber, and Shangshi, Shenwei, Shenxin, Defeng Chemical Enterprises and Building Welfare Neutrralization

0.21 241 236 15

Note wastewater from paper mills are final discharge after treatment and reuse

5. YANTAI

Main industrial companies and wastewater discharge characteristics (duration of monitoring period not mentioned)

Number of companies

Total annual discharge (tons/day)

Disposal facilities

Main pollutant Weighed average concentration, mg/l



Part of Southern Zhifu draining to Xinanhe

5 775 All: biochemical treatment

COD COD: 370

Laishan 22 7,500 14 have varying treatment processes

COD, SS, Cr, Zn, pH

COD: 402

Mouping 19 3,927 Varying COD, Zn COD: 621

Total 12,200 tons/day Total load 5,740 kg/day

6. QIXIA

Qixia: wastewater emissions of the Main Industrial Pollution Sources in the sub-project Area

Industry River WW effluent 103m3/y

COD

t/y

Suspends t/y

BOD5 t/y

Sulphide t/y

NH3-N t/y

Yantai Taihao Paper Industry Company

Baiyang River

10.56 1 0.7

Yantai Xinfu Food Plant 43.8 4.21 2.99

Qixia Guoqing Trading Company

24 2.32 1.52

Yantai Dongyuan Thermoelectric Power Plant

96 37.02 5.98

Yantai Sanling Cement Co. Ltd. 192 35.81 13.06 2.94

Yantai Dongyuan Cement Co. Ltd.

264 99.00 15.74 4.54

Yantai Baoqiao Cement Co. Ltd. 108 31.90 7.07

Yantai Yuantong Fruit Juice Co. Ltd.

180 165.60 10.06 2.57

Baiyang River Cement Co. Ltd. 83.2 26.67 5.77 1.49

Qixia Xinghao Cement Co. Ltd. 16 2.53 0.96

Yantai Huiyuan Cement Co. Ltd. 9.6 1.67 0.59

7. WEIFANG

List of main pollution sources and its pollutants

pollutants discharge t/d

Name of Enterprise

Wastewater dishcarge

(Ten Thousand t/d

COD Oils

Weifang Meicheng Food Company 222 0.021

Weifang Xinrong Clothes-making Co., Ltd. 400 0.024

Futai Domestic Textile Company 517 0.150

Huarun Textile Co., Ltd. 272 0.020

Mingyang Wool Spinning Dress Company 129 0.011



pollutants discharge t/d

Weifang Diesel Engine Plant 1234 0.135 0.007

Weifang Tractor Plant 509 0.044

Weifang Rubber Plant 700 0.076

Weifang Production and Construction Group

178 0.062

Weifang No. 2 Engine Plant 476 0.090

Weifang Wohua Medicine Company 115 0.016

Xinhua Printing Plant 319 0.032

Weifang Sandajiu Tanning Co., Ltd. 459 0.855

Weifang Fenghuang Paper Industry Co., Ltd. 2365 1.114

Weifang Henglian Copperplate Paper Co., Ltd. 11033 2.113

Total 18928 4.763 0.007

8-9. ZAOZHUANG

Zaozhuang : wastewater emissions of the Main Industrial Pollution Sources in the sub-project Area

Pollutants discharged (t/a S/N Industry Main Product Annual yield WW effluent 103m3/y COD SS NH3-

N Oils

1 Guangming Starch Co. Ltd. Modified starch 5000 t 2 0.30 0.3 0.08

2 Wantai Textile Co. Ltd Cloth 9,000 t 696 63

3 Yutai printworks Co. Ltd. Printworks 24M t 32 16.8 0.032

4 Haiyang Textile Co. Ltd cloth 9,000 t 150 15.6 0.08

5 XiangBao knitwear Co. Ltd. T-shirt 1.3M pieces 26 4

6 Fumin coal coking Co.Ltd. coke 88,000 t 6.4 2.9 0.028

7 Puli chemical industry Co. Ltd

Synthesized ammonia

110,000 t 124 65.5 4.3

8 Shandong Haiyan chemical fibre Co. Ltd

Terylene thread 6,500 t 110 13.2 12.1

9 Shandong Yongbang Rubber Co. Ltd.

Conveyor belt/rubber belt

1.83Mm2

840,000 m

350 44.73 35 0.385

10 Shandong ShiliQuan Power Plant

Electricity 6,178.19

Mkwh

1613 158 2.4 1.6

Total 3,110 384 47 6.9 2.0



6/8'*(�021,725,1*�Sludge quality of Yantai existing WWTP

Item Value

Water content (%) 80

PH 6.68

Organic matter (%) 21.4

Total N (%) 3.92

Total P(%) 1.7

Total K(%) 0.73

Bacilli( ×107) 6.95

Actinomycete (×105) 1.34

Fungus (×103) 6.6

Hg(mg/kg) 0.05

Cd (mg/kg) 5.62

Pb (mg/kg) 4.41

Cr(mg/kg) 81.49

Cu (mg/kg) 310

Zn (mg/kg) 362.1

Ni(mg/kg) 78.45

Monitoring results of watercourse sludge of Bailang river in Qixia

Results (S/N) Monitored Items

1000m downstream of Bailanghe Reservoir outlet

YuanDu Lake Section JiQing Highway Section

1 Organic matter 1.64 1.78 4.56

2 TP 277.8 mg/kg 481.4 mg/kg 768.8 mg/kg

3 TN 11.6 mg/kg 69.0 mg/kg 18.3 mg/kg

4 Oils 235.8 mg/kg 2095 mg/kg 2037 mg/kg

5 Cr 120 mg/kg 60 mg/kg 220 mg/kg

6 Cd 0.198 mg/kg 0.180 mg/kg 0.212 mg/kg

7 Hg 0.010 mg/kg 0.064 mg/kg 0.085 mg/kg

8 As 7.00 mg/kg 4.59 mg/kg 8.08 mg/kg

SDEP II Consolidated Environmental Assessment Report February … · 2016. 7. 11. · location...

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