FACTORS HELPING CORPORATE BUSINESSES

TO BECOME SUSTAINABLE IN SUPPLY CHAIN

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT IN QATAR

Executive Summary

This paper looks at the factors influencing supply chain management in the country of Qatar.

In today’s fast moving and globalized economies, it has become imperative for organizations

to have strategic and comprehensively effective management tools at their disposal. A

sustainable supply chain management system covers all functional areas of management,

right from procurement of raw materials, to its production, it involves the marketing and

promotional activities of the company as well as ensuring effective and efficient delivery of

the finished product (or service) to the end user.

Qatar may be one of the smallest countries in the Gulf area. However, it is one of the fastest

growing. Qatar is looking to move away from its reliance on hydrocarbon and become a

knowledge based economy. It has recently been allotted to organize the 2022 FIFA World

Cup, which is a massive achievement for this small nation. However, the government and

other companies are having logistical problems in organizing this Global Event. The paper

takes a look at the problems in the supply chain system of Qatari companies. Research is

based on both primary as well as secondary sources. Secondary sources have given us a

strong albeit a limited view of the factors influencing supply chain management in Qatar.

However, the primary research has revealed all the limitations and provided us with a much

clearer picture. The paper attempts to derive suitable conclusions based on the research and

offer relevant recommendations based on the same.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

1.1 Research Aim ....................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 Research Objectives ............................................................................................................. 4

1.3 Research Questions .............................................................................................................. 4

1.4 Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Supply Chain Management:................................................................................................. 6

2.3 Model for a sustainable supply chain management influenced by environmental practices:

.................................................................................................................................................... 7

2.4 Sustainability in Supply Chain Management:...................................................................... 7

2.5 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Risk Management: ........................................ 8

2.6 Need for Sustainability in Qatar .......................................................................................... 9

2.7 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and External Stake holders: ............................... 12

2.8 Use and Role of Information Technology in SCM: ........................................................... 14

2.9 Factors contributing in Supply Chain Logistics................................................................. 16

2.10 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 17

2.11 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 19

4.1 Survey Collection: ............................................................................................................. 20

4.2 Sampling: ........................................................................................................................... 20

4.3 Data Sets: ........................................................................................................................... 21

4.4 Research Schedule: ............................................................................................................ 22

4.5 Pilot Study:......................................................................................................................... 22

5.1 Results of the Survey: ........................................................................................................ 23

5.2 Analysis of the Survey: ...................................................................................................... 33

6.1 Conclusions:....................................................................................................................... 36

6.2 Recommendations:............................................................................................................. 38

Appendix 1:...................................................................................................................... 49

Appendix 2: Survey Sheet ............................................................................................... 50

1. Research Methodology

1.1 Research Aim

The aim of this research will be to study the main factors that help the corporate businesses in

Qatar to bring sustainability in supply chain and logistics management.

1.2 Research Objectives

Understanding the nature of supply chain logistics industry in Qatar

Understanding the challenges present in the supply chain logistics industry in Qatar

restricting from sustainability adoption

Understanding the benefits of sustainability in supply chain logistics industry of Qatar

Analysing the main factors responsible for attaining sustainability in Qatar supply

chain logistics sector.

1.3 Research Question

What are the factors that help corporate businesses to become sustainable in supply chain

logistics management in Qatar?

Sub-Questions

Q 1: What are the methods that help in adoption of sustainability within the supply chain

logistics management organizations?

Q 2: What are those factors that influence the rate of sustainability adoption within the sector

of supply chain logistics management in Qatar?

Q 3: What are those main factors that help in attaining sustainability within the industry of

supply chain logistics management, Qatar?

1.4 Data Collection

Primary and Secondary data will be collected. Secondary data will be reflected through the

literature review of this report. The literature review in turn will be developed from diverse

journal articles, referenced sources, electronic journals, online libraries.

Primary data will be collected through data collection instruments such as questionnaires and

surveys which will focus on a group of participants. From the result of the data collection, the

recommendations and conclusions will be highlighted.

The participants will be inclusive of employees from supply chain logistics management

sector. The questionnaires will be based on the research objectives.

2. Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

For a number of years, organizations of all industries have been struggling for coming in

terms with the mounting challenges of the society, environment, ethics, and economy related

to the supply chains. As the industry of airlines is responsible for generation of carbon and

other sources of pollution, there has been an increase in the need for having sustainability in

the supply chain logistics as well. Considering the concept of sustainable supply chain, it is

referred to as the approach followed for the management of supply chain that seeks on

actively managing and minimising the negative impacts on the society, economy, or the

environment related to the goods and services being sourced (Carter & Rogers, 2008). This

has to be done in a manner to maximize the positive effect where there is a need for

feasibility.

The subjects of sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) has gotten developing

consideration and turn into an undeniably prominent examination zone. A few methodologies

were proposed by various researchers for the execution of SSCM activities and additionally

characterizing the part of authoritative elements in the selection of natural advancements

focused around variables such as fluctuating prices for raw materials, changes in demand or

customer preferences etc. which may be distinguished through overview. Regardless of

diverse examination methodologies and studies with SSCM, the basic variables influencing

the execution and reception of SSCM is still at embryonic stage. (Carter & Rogers, 2008)

Then again, supply chain risk management in the effective execution and reception of SSCM

activities completely focus the manageable quality of such activities for proficiency and long

haul responsibilities.

Overseeing risk in the supply chain has never been as trying as it is today. As additional

organizations have outsourced creation to abroad areas, supply chain has been developed, the

quantity of hubs expanded, and the complexities of the systems have moved exponentially.

Besides, all the while with expanded demands on financial execution of the supply chain,

associations are currently considered in charge of the natural and social execution of their

suppliers and partners. Along these lines, to stay aggressive of supply chain, associations

concentrating on overseeing risk as well as also concerning numerous measurements (e.g.

natural and social issues) as an issues that need to be tended to for the maintainability of their

supply chains.

2.2 Supply Chain Management

The idea of Supply Chain Management is focused around two centre thoughts. The main is

that essentially every item that achieves an end client speaks to the total exertion of various

associations. These associations are alluded to by and large as the supply chain. (Handfield,

2011)

The second thought is that while supply chains have existed for quite a while, most

associations have just given careful consideration to what was occurring inside their "four

dividers." Few organizations saw, a great deal less dealt with, the whole chain of exercises

that eventually conveyed items to the last client. The result was disjointed and frequently

inadequate supply chains. (Handfield, 2011)

Supply chain management, then, is the dynamic management of supply chain exercises to

boost client esteem and accomplish a sustainable point of interest. It speaks to a cognizant

exertion by the supply chain firms to create and run supply chains in the best & effective

ways that could be available. Supply chain exercises spread everything from item

improvement, sourcing, creation, and logistics, and also the data frameworks expected to

organize these exercises. (Handfield, 2011)

The associations that make up the supply chain are "connected" together through physical

streams and data streams. Physical streams include the change, development, and capacity of

products and materials. They are the most noticeable bit of the supply chain. Anyway pretty

much as critical are data streams. Data streams permit the different supply chain partners to

arrange their long haul plans, and to control the everyday stream of products and material

here and there the supply chain. (Handfield, 2011)

2.3 Model for a sustainable supply chain management influenced by environmental

practices

The main features of a sustainable supply chain management which is influenced by

environmental practices include purchasing, manufacturing, distribution and reverse logistical

support in the value chain of the organization. [Appendix 1: (Sarkis, 2003)]. These

components are strategically important as it directly affects how the supply chain is

effectively managed. Reverse Logistical management is essentially the returning of products

as well as materials that can be recycled. Its requirements may vary, depending on the type of

organization or industry or even what the product may be. Hence it is quite likely that the

stakeholders in the company have a strategic role in the decision making process of the

organization, which may hinder the objectives for a sustainable supply. Green Supply Chain

is a relatively new issue any organization faces, but it is an important cog in the wheel for

them. (Boyd et al, 2007)

2.4 Sustainability in Supply Chain Management

The basic work of Supply Chain Management could be defined as ensuring the flow and

manufacturing of goods and services from the raw material stage to the finished goods stage,

in the hands of the consumer. (Seuring & Muller, 2008). With the operations of organizations

globally being transformed optimally, there is a need to include supply chain management in

not just a few specific facilities, but to introduce and apply it at all stages of production and

marketing. (Linton et al, 2007) Effective supply chain management must be incorporated

even in designing of the product, product manufacturing, determining the by-products that

can be used, and, also in determining the life cycle of the products and services in addition to

the core uses of the supply chain management. (Linton et al, 2007) This makes supply chain

management more effective as well as sustainable. Merging sustainability and logistics in

supply chain management are important as this will increase the degree of efficiency and

helps in the elimination of waste. This is not only important for improving the image of the

organization in the society and the economy, but it is also important as the concerns of

environment have a direct link with a number of different aspects in relation with supply

chain (Benn et al., 2005). Hence, the above-mentioned combination requires an enhanced set

of Supply Chain Management, which sustainable management systems can only meet, as they

value a total set of values, with respect to the environment, economy as well as fulfilling the

customer’s needs and wants. (Buyukozkan et al, 2008) With an objective to ascertain the

needs and requirements of a sustainable supply chain management, Goran Svensson (2007)

finds that:

“One aspect addressed is that first‐order supply chains of brand new clothing go beyond the

traditional point of consumption. Another aspect raised is that second‐ and n‐order supply

chains should be considered in business practices from the point of origin in the first ‐order

supply chains in order to enhance corporate efforts of SSCM.” (Svensson, 2007, pp. 265-

266)

2.5 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Risk Management

Risk is usually characterized as the instability of conceivable return, the idea of data shortfall

and the ability to acknowledge a potential misfortune when positive returns are normal. In

light of the conventional choice hypothesis, risk is characterized as the variety in the

dispersion of potential results, likelihood of event and subjective qualities. (Sekhari et al, n.d)

Associations are encountering fast supply chain development with decentralized supplier

base. Albeit expanded supplier situated in supply chain has made a difference associations in

picking up real cost focal point and piece of the overall industry yet it has brought about

additional shaky supply chain. Supply chains are helpless against different sorts of

interruptions created by unverifiable financial cycles, shopper demands, and regular and man-

made debacles. (Sekhari et al, n.d) Result of a shaky supply chain has expanded risks in

directing business operations and raises concerns on congruity of assembling or

administration conveyance operations. Supply chain risk management needs to be embraced

as best practice for supply chain administration to minimize affect on money related

methodology and productivity. The risk management points of view of Supply chain alludes

to the vulnerability or flighty occasion influencing one or a greater amount of the gatherings

inside the supply chain or its business settings, which can impact the accomplishment of the

business goals.

This has dependably been a critical issue in supply chain management. (Sekhari et al, n.d).

Distinctive writing consider chances in connection to supply lead time dependability, value

instability, and demand instability which prompt the requirement for security stock, inventory

pooling procedure, request part to suppliers, and different contract and supporting

methodologies. The supply chain risks could be as deferrals of materials from suppliers,

extensive gauge mistakes, framework breakdowns, limit issues, inventory issues, and

disturbances The grouping gave by Tang classified supply chain risks into operations and

interruptions risks. (Sekhari et al, n.d)On account of operations risks, instabilities natural in a

supply chain assumes more basic part, which incorporate demand, supply, and expense

vulnerabilities while interruption risks are those created by real common and man-made

debacles, for example, surge, quake, torrent, and major monetary emergency. The supply

chain risk points of view can be further isolated from the perspective of builds: (1) Sources of

Risk, (2) Consequences of Risk, (3) Drivers of Risk and (4) Alleviation Strategies of Risk.

(Sekhari et al, n.d)

2.6 Need for Sustainability in Qatar

Supply Chains are constantly interconnecting and emerging globally. Qatar should acquire

supply chain logistics program in order to minimize business risk that include status, safety

and standard of supply and legal disputes, create effective cost savings that require paying

attention on total life span costs when providing goods and services instead of simply pricing,

expand corporate/ brand status in the industry field, and managing transformation such as

innovation and growth of new products and services that are sustainable and socially

accountable (Benn et al., 2005).

For Qatar, the chief operator for fixing supply chain sustainability operation within their

acquiring task is to address an outlook of emerging risk within the supply chain. There are a

number of renowned examples of how this increasing exposure to risk within the supply

chain has happened in latest times (Beamon, 2008).

Although, in addition to the past examples, the basic features and factors that emerge risk

within the supply chain are growing and harming rapidly. The awareness that Qatar Airlines

are not safe to these factors has led the Qatar to review the suggestions for their own business

plans and also for their supply chains.

It might be stated by one that the airlines in the global market that are providing services with

flights of long duration will be having better quality in the services being provided by them in

comparison with the ones running on regional basis in the domestic front (Beamon, 2008).

The supply chain logistics are important for the service sectors in order to increase the level

of attention for helping to create understanding regarding the complexities and issues within

the supply chain of services. The organization of Qatar should be following sustainability in

supply chain logistics will help in providing better services in the quality of supplier not only

within the routes of region in the domestic front as well as the international front.

Recently, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) announced that the

2022 FIFA World Cup would be held in Qatar. (FIFA, 1994-2014). Although it’s a massive

achievement for Qatar to bag this prestigious global event, it also presents Qatar with a great

number of logistical challenges, especially regarding the management of moving materials

and labour. The proper management of these would be a great challenge to Qatar. (EC

HARRIS, n.d). Early appraisal of the effect of logistical necessities demonstrates that as an

after effect of late interest in air and seaport foundation, there is sufficient cargo limit

arranged, in any case it is because of go ahead stream at distinctive times in connection to the

demand top and may not be arranged sufficiently to manage the high extent of mass

materials. (EC HARRIS, n.d) Also, conveyance courses inside Qatar and street connections

to Saudi Arabia can possibly make bottlenecks in the supply chain and conveyance

foundation. As construction profit expands, the demand for a huge number of extra workers

will get to be clear, so this issue ought to be considered from both a section visa viewpoint

and convenience and welfare viewpoint. On the off chance that the estimates for the scale of

construction in Qatar are right, the construction materials business sector could be $6 billion

to $9 billion through the following two to three years. (EC HARRIS, n.d) At these figures,

the foundation speculation in Qatar is liable to drive the demand for building construction

material businesses all through the Collaboration Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

(GCC) region. As Qatar has restricted mainly created assets other than hydrocarbons, most

construction materials other than concrete and rebar need to be foreign made. (EC HARRIS,

n.d) The EC Harris Built Asset Consultancy provides some key focus areas for Qatar to

overcome the above-mentioned problems, which are:

To ensure sureness of conveyance, a key methodology to supply chain management will be

fundamental. (EC HARRIS, n.d) Logistically, there will need to be a watchful equalization

between construction vehicles and general activity to keep away from gridlock in urban

regions. This is especially applicable remembering the level of interest in enhancing the

current streets themselves, making the probability of further disturbance. (EC HARRIS, n.d)

A method of centrally managed logistics will make the best utilization of transport assets –

also overseeing carbon outflows viably. (EC HARRIS, n.d) It is clear from the over that the

accessibility of key materials, for example, steel, reinforcing agents as well as cement will

form a composed methodology to supply chain and logistics issues at a national level to

maintain a strategic distance from neighbourhood rivalry for rare products driving inflation.

Procurement Category Management concentrating on particular sorts of materials and their

related supply chains will help to convey this general management schema. (EC HARRIS,

n.d)

Despite the fact that the worldwide monetary emergency has implied that materials, plant and

hardware are currently all the more broadly accessible, cautious arranging will be obliged to

permit the supply chain to ramp up with sureness - be it in the sourcing and procurement of

plant and materials or the construction of new offices in Qatar to meet the extra demand.

As it is clear that the quantum of work that will be needed to take care of the anticipated

demand does not right now exist in Qatar, it is of discriminating criticalness that watchful

thought is given in connection to the areas, scale and welfare nature of work camps. (EC

HARRIS, n.d) To combat extra logistical and set up expenses it would be gainful for a Qatar

wide answer for be set up and that these offices be implicit development of the demand. Two

different methods for alleviating this effect would, firstly, be the more extensive utilization of

nearby or reused substance inside construction is a method for easing the demand for

transported in materials, for example, totals for cement, bitumen for black-top and scrap

metal for steel. (EC HARRIS, n.d) Also, limit burdens could be smoothed through composed

forward purchasing of generally standard and simple to store material, for example, total. (EC

HARRIS, n.d)

In numerous markets, obtainment techniques are advancing to allot risk components all the

more equally over all construction stakeholders and are advancing towards more shared, non-

antagonistic methods for working. The 2012 Olympics in London was an outstanding case of

this methodology. Particularly in businesses where "boom" conditions apply, to relieve

money related risk, altered value irregularity aggregate contracts are consistently supplanted

by those agreement acquired on a best esteem guideline to convey a high quality, savvy

conspire through an open book approach. These can include the customer tackling a more

prominent level of risk – though without needing to pay a premium for the risk exchange.

There are numerous approaches to breaking point the Clients' introduction to cost

overwhelm/heightening in such contract game plans. Certain parts of the agreement, for

example, the Main Builders Fee, can be ring-fenced to guarantee that for any expense over

runs on materials, and sub-contract recompense bundles no extra stamp up is paid.

Fundamental Contractors Preliminaries can be altered for the program term, restricting the

Client to acceleration on staff rates, plant and so forth as all rates are altered for the span.

Fluctuating costs can also be focused around concurred records, for example, merchandise

value arrangement – making the potential for the customer to support risks on money related

markets. National system prioritization and booking

2.7 Sustainable Supply Chain Management and External Stake holders

2.7.1 Authoritative execution

Execution is a measure for surveying the degree of an enterprise's target accomplishment

(Daft, 1995 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Enterprises receiving GSCM practices may

create natural and business exhibitions (Walton, et al., 1998; Zhu and Cote, 2004 cited by

(Chien & Shih, 2007)). A green supply chain, for illustration, can enhance ecological

execution (diminishing waste and emanations and expanding

natural responsibility) and aggressiveness (enhancing item quality, expanding productivity,

improving profit and cutting expense), in this way further influencing financial execution

(new showcasing opportunities and expanding item value, net revenue, piece of the overall

industry and deal volume; Purba, 2002 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Concurring to

Walton, et al. (1998), Zhu and Cote (2004) and Purba (2002 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)),

and in addition different specialists, authoritative execution is considered to incorporate

natural and money related execution.

2.7.2 Environmental execution

“Environmental concerns are intricately linked to various aspects of the supply chain.

Awareness of such concerns is reflected in the contemporary business environment and in

government legislation.” (So et al, n.d, p. 1)

Environmental execution is characterized as the environmental effect that the partnership's

movement has on the characteristic milieu (Sharma and Vredenburg, 1998 cited by (Chien &

Shih, 2007)). Environmental execution pointers comprises of OPI (agent execution markers)

and MPI (management execution markers): OPI are connected primarily to materials'

utilization, vitality management, waste and discharge creation, and assessment of genuine

ecological parts of associations, though MPI chiefly concerns the organization's endeavors,

measures, and commitment to the generally association's ecological management

(Papadopoulos and Giama, 2007 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). GSCM pushes more than

simply progressing ecological execution; the usage of green supply chain management can

guarantee that the organization itself and its suppliers adjust to ecological regulations. Viable

management of suppliers can lessen exchange costs and advance reusing and reuse of crude

materials. Also, the creation of waste and unsafe substances can be cut, keeping partnerships

from being fined as a consequence of damaging ecological regulations. Hence, the significant

handling and operational expense included can be further lessened and, meanwhile, the

proficiency of utilizing assets can be upgraded (Sarkis, 2003). Besides, embracing a

sustainable methodology can deliver less waste and utilize more reused material,

consequently utilizing vitality, water and by-items in a more productive way (Tsoulfas and

Pappis, 2006 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Considering the above two points, we can

derive two measurement principles: management performance (ecological strategies and

measures, the support rate of the management framework, and the change in group relations

and organization picture) and operational performance (the execution in utilizing

vitality/assets, the lessening of outflow, and waste transfer).

2.7.3 Financial Execution

Ecological assurance exercises can have a positive impact on an organization's budgetary

execution. GSCM can cut the expense of materials acquiring and vitality utilization, diminish

the expense of waste treatment and release, and evade a fine on account of natural mischance

(Zhu and Sarkis, 2004 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). A sustainable methodology can

prompt inward cost sparing, open new markets and discover helpful uses for waste (Tsoulfas

and Pappis, 2006 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Natural kindness has a positive impact on

budgetary execution (for instance, development in benefits, deals and piece of the overall

industry) (Fuentes-Fuentes, et al., 2004 cited by (Chien & Shih, 2007)). Budgetary execution

is characterized here as expense decrease, market offer development and benefit increment.

2.8 Use and Role of Information Technology in SCM

The research by Auramo et al, (n.d) addresses the operations of small scale supply chains. For

illustration, Gavirneni et al. (1999), Lee et al. (2000) and Raghunathan (2001) have

considered two echelon supply chains with one item, while the model of Evans et al. (1993)

comprises of four echelons. These studies have discovered that normally the offering of

demand data in supply chains builds the execution of the supply chain by expanding

accessibility and lessening inventory related expenses (Evans et al., 1993; Gavirneni et al.,

1999; Cachon and Fisher, 2000; Lee et al., 2000 cited by (Auramo et al, n.d)). The profits of

data imparting have been proposed to rely on upon the consistency of demand. For instance,

Cachon and Fisher (2000) suspect that data imparting can have an altogether more

noteworthy esteem in circumstances with obscure demand, for instance, early offers of new

items or advancement circumstances. Also Raghunathan (2001) has proposed data imparting

to be less gainful in circumstances where demand is unsurprising, and where past demand can

be utilized to structure a sensibly exact demand gauges. Also, Cachon and Fisher (2000) have

recommended that the profits of IT utilize are all the more because of the positive impacts of

IT on exchange handling effectiveness conceivably prompting shorter lead times and littler

bunch sizes than to offering of inventory and demand data. Evans et al. (1993), thusly, keep

up that the encouraging of real demand data forward in the supply chain gives more

prominent profits than lead time decreases. To finish up, while concentrating on the impacts

of the data offering between supply chain partners, the explanatory and displaying stream of

exploration does not talk about the real method for data offering. Accordingly, these studies

don't straightforwardly examine the utilization of IT for data imparting between supply chain

partners. Regardless, these studies are pertinent for our study as the imparting of arranging

data obviously is one the reasons for which IT can be used in SCM. (Auramo et al, n.d)

Two streams of observational studies on the utilization of IT in SCM can be recognized.

(Auramo et al, n.d) The principal stream concentrates on a particular innovation or

application zone, and the second stream mulls over the application and profits of IT all in all.

In the exploration concentrating on particular advances or application regions, there exists a

different collection of examination on the selection variables and effect of Electronic Data

Interchange (EDI) . For case cost cutting, goals (Mukhopadhyay et al., 1995 cited by

(Auramo et al, n.d)) and volume of exchanges between supply chain partners (Tuunainen,

1998 cited by (Auramo et al, n.d)) have been connected with the appropriation of EDI joins.

Further, for instance, the utilization of Extended Markup Language (XML) for supply chain

incorporation has been mulled over (Nurmilaakso et al., 2002 cited by (Auramo et al, n.d)).

With respect to research concentrating on particular application zones, for instance, the

following frameworks and their criticalness for the 4 productive coordination of logistics

streams have been generally contemplated (Harris, 1999; Stefansson and Tilanus, 2001; Ala-

Risku et al., 2003; Kärkkäinen et al., 2003 cited by (Auramo et al, n.d)). As indicated by this

assemblage of writing, following is required particularly in circumstances with in-travel

union, and in venture situated organizations. These following studies, in any case, are not

exactly established and hence, don't uncover how following frameworks and following data is

really used by organizations. As contrasted with the examination concentrating on particular

innovations or application regions, research on the utilization and profits of IT in SCM

without the concentrate on particular innovation is less in number. The examination on the

profits of the utilization of IT in SCM incorporates various studies examining the effect of IT

on supply chain reconciliation, client mix and administration (Closs and Savitskie, 2003 cited

by (Auramo et al, n.d)), supply chain time execution (Jayaram et al., 2000 cited by (Auramo

et al, n.d)), monetary execution, or a mix of these (Vickery et al., 2003 cited by (Auramo et

al, n.d)). Then, Auramo et al. (2005) performed an exploratory various research endeavor on

the profits of IT in SCM, and Mclaren et al. (2004) directed a various detailed analysis on

how diverse SCM IS capacities help diverse operations situations. Then again, regular to

these studies is that while serving to survey and understand the estimation of IT utilize and

reconciliation for SCM, they don't help in deciding how organizations really utilize IT as a

part of SCM.

There are some few grouping structures that depict how IT is utilized for SCM as a part of the

past writing. Bagchi and Skjoett-Larsen (2002) inspect the part of IT and hierarchical

incorporation in supply chain joining and propose an IT reconciliation way from low, through

medium, to high coordination. Themistocleous et al. (2004), thus, utilize the scale of low,

medium, to high to depict the integration of distinctive IT plan B. The centering of these

studies being on evaluating the levels of supply chain incorporation, they don't depict how IT

is really utilized for SCM purposes. In the mean time, in their examination, Kauremaa et al.

(2004) have concentrated on the ways organizations use IT in SCM and decide to arrange the

utilization of IT in SCM to exchange execution and data offering. (Auramo et al, n.d) Taking

into account the uncommonness of utilizing IT for data offering among their example of

organizations considered, they guess that the drivers and essentials of utilizing IT in exchange

execution and in data imparting contrast, and that the profits of IT in exchange execution are

less demanding to measure. Besides, they assume that organizations use IT for exchange

execution in circumstances with high exchange volumes and stable business connections,

while IT is utilized for data imparting particularly as a part of situations with demand

vulnerability and continuous item presentations. (Auramo et al, n.d)

2.9 Factors contributing in Supply Chain Logistics

The consequences and impacts of imperative and climate change for the enactment of

transition for sustainability, operational practices with low carbon are relevant factors to be

considered in the logistics of supply chain (Benn et al., 2005). The sustainability helps in the

representation of the balanced utilization of capital related to economy, society and nature for

enabling continuous wellbeing within the companies, the entire globe and the generations to

come in the future.

Corporate sustainability helps the enterprises and the counterparts of supply chain with the

initiatives related to systematic methods for the reduction of energy and the wastes of

environment, cutting out unwanted materials and the overheads of regulation, and the

generation of improved flow of cash (Carter & Rogers, 2008). All of these factors are

important for the downturn of economy and weak margins of profit. Sustainability in supply

chain logistics should be considered as an innovation of business that helps in representing

the new changes or ideas in the present practices. In a potential manner, this helps in bringing

radical improvements for the existence of operations.

Moreover, adoption of new ideas for innovation has a major impact on a number of different

aspects related to supply chain management (Beamon, 2008). These new ideas of innovation

that affect the supply chain logistics with sustainability are the new methods of management,

the production systems related to state- of- the- art, or the emergence of new technology that

affect the policies of supply, operations of manufacturing, stock and the management of item

as well as the distribution.

The achievement of this can be done by better coordination related to the utilization of

resources in the logistics of supply chain that include facilities, people, finance, and systems

(Beamon, 2005). There are a number of challenges faced in building the sustainable and

prosperous supply chain logistics that help to underpin through the low carbon acceptability

and emissions of other pollutants that needs extensive forms of research, the collaborations of

network and the remarkable innovation.

In respect to sustainable supply chains, Qatar Airlines pursue clean techniques of production,

reduction of the environmental impression of goods and services, and integrating

environmentally favourable decisions with productive supply chain applications. Hence the

term ‘corporate sustainability’ incorporates more than the physical environmental elements

linked in order to preserve a sustainable organization. The execution of sustainability in a

manufacturing supply chain involves the following major components (Beamon, 2005):

(i) Process development is to lead new processes and refinement to meet fluctuating market

and customer’s needs on sustainability.

(ii) Clean production includes reduction of waste, recycling waste products, retrieve products

after usage, and minimizing pollution.

(iii) Loop system manufacturing, where a product is generated by renewable energy with no

harmful residue or waste.

(iv)Planning, executing and commanding on the flow of material, finished products and

associated information to recover value and correct disposal.

(v) Sustainable acquirement leads to procure goods and services with lower influence on the

environment rather than other products or services delivering identical performance

requirements.

(vi) Life Cycle Management (LCM) governs the environmental capacity and features linked

with a product, operation, or service, from the point of collection of raw materials to

production, transport, customer use and disposal, which basically illustrate start to end

lifespan of a product, process or service.

2.10 Recommendations

The adoption of new ideas being done by the firms, even when the advantages can be seen in

an obvious manner, can often be extremely difficult, as firms will be having different

objectives of value and no alignment in the operational processes, even if they seem to be

close partners of trade (Beamon, 2009). A number of innovations need a lengthy duration to

adopt a number of duration, from the duration in which there is availability towards the

duration where there is wide adoption.

In a mere sense, sustainability is not an issue of inter-organizations, but has also been

considered as the protocol of supply chain logistics that have the nature of being business to

business, being encountered for enabling to contribute for the creation of an economy

emitting low carbon. Therefore, the corporates have realized that there is a need for enabling

sustainability in a number of different logistics of supply chain. Although, in addition to the

past examples, the basic features and factors that emerge risk within the supply chain are

growing and harming rapidly (Beamon, 2009). The awareness that Qatar Airlines are not safe

to these factors has led the Qatar to review the suggestions for their own business plans and

also for their supply chains.

The adoption of sustainability in supply chain logistics must be done in a manner that it is

being considered as an innovation for the organization. Implementation of sustainability

should be done in the logistics of supply chain that results in bringing radical change not only

to manufacture operations along with several other regions like the selection and coordination

of supplier that might be including the implementation of related to information systems in a

number of units of business as well as re-engineering related to time to time activities for all

members of staff (Benn et al., 2005). The profound effect may result in helping the

manufacturers for seeking the reinforcement of their decision to adopt.

The issue The FIFA World Cup™ in 2022 offers a 'hard stop' due date for huge numbers of

Qatar's undertakings which implies that there is constrained space for system smoothing of

key undertakings. To be sure, numerous undertakings will require to be set up certainly

before 2022.

Whilst some significant tasks may need to be re-perused alternately conceded until after the

competition, a more extensive re-timing activity will need to occur in place to move as much

construction far from the foreseen crest construction period and into the post-competition

construction period. This movement would require project arranging coordination between all

the key open and private engineers and a centralisation of choice making identified with

project interdependencies and timings. With such an expansive pipeline of construction, a key

stipulation will be both the limit and the capacity of the current supply chain.

For the MENA region, nations' and in addition its carriers' supply alongside outstanding

economical practices, would build the demand for logistics and encourage better framework

and more noteworthy effectiveness. In truthfulness and reasonableness, an association with

tasteful natural neighbourly SC will make goodwill for brands and fortify the long haul

association with clients and the nearby individuals. Besides it serves the neighbourhoods

better place in which the business works in by emulating reasons;

Promoting eco procurements.

Enforcing socially capable suppliers

Encouraging differing qualities and different practices all through

2.11 Summary

The reversal of decision can be done there is exposure of management to the messages in

conflict regarding sustainability. For supporting the manufacturers to make adequate decision

in the entire process of decision, behaving as a framework that can be adopted by the

organization. These types of practices in sustainability within the supply chain of

manufacturers can be proposed on the basis of theory related to diffusion of innovation in the

dimensions of time (Carter & Rogers, 2008). Qatar should acquire supply chain logistics

program in order to minimize business risk that include status, safety and standard of supply

and legal disputes, create effective cost savings that require paying attention on total life span

costs when providing goods and services instead of simply pricing, expand corporate/ brand

status in the industry field, and managing transformation such as innovation and growth of

new products and services that are sustainable and socially accountable. Whilst the volume of

creation may not have a critical effect regarding the general coming about expansion figure,

there are essential benefits that could facilitate a percentage of the limited limit issues, for

example, the foundation of more creation and get together ability, procurement of pro

specialized administrations and the without a moment to spare gathering of higher worth

plant and equipment.

3. Limitations in the Research

The Literature available for the purpose of this research is extremely limited; hence primary

research based on the above methodology has been conducted. However, the main limitation

lies in generalization based on a given sample. As mentioned earlier, there are little literatures

to support the research question. Here lies the novelty of the research. Numerical ratings have

a sense of objectivity that could be misleading. Inexorably, distinctive individuals who look

at the same data collection will once in a while concoct diverse ratings. This is particularly

genuine when evaluating a collection's research value, where individual interests or a bias

most effortlessly becomes an integral factor. Thus, it becomes paramount to have an

understanding in distinctive ranges of information, be acquainted with more extensive trends

in chronicled research, and figure out how to set aside their preferences and aversions

however much as could be expected. They're not completely objective, yet they do give a

predictable measuring stick and shorthand for comparing distinctive collections.

4. Methodology

A mixed method has been used for the research. Examples from secondary sources have been

drawn as a part of the literature review. Primary survey is used for the purpose.

4.1 Survey Collection

The report has been prepared considering a questionnaire that is self-reported. Here the

notion of self-reported is related to the fact that the questionnaire has been verified from the

person who has created the questionnaire through the success of the data collection and

analysis. The type of questionnaire which is considered in this research has both open-ended

and close-ended questions. For the purpose of this research, we asked thirty professionals in

various corporations across the country of Qatar to give their opinions on the supply chain

management in the country.

4.2 Sampling

Sampling is referred to the way subjects have been chosen to participate for the purpose of

the survey. The techniques of sampling are vital in research as they form the core of the way

data is collected and have a big impact on the results or analysis. (Fos & Fine, 2000). The

sample is as follows:

Industry No. of

Respondents

Construction Industry 5

Airline Industry 3

Manufacturing Industry 4

Oil Industry 9

Government employees 9

It is important to note here that 60% of the respondents have been chosen from the Oil sector

and Government employees combined, as we believe oil to be the biggest industry in Qatar

and government employees to be part of the strategic decision making process that may help

or hinder supply chain management in organizations in Qatar. Other important sectors like

Airline, Construction and Manufacturing too had respondents chosen from them, in order to

diversify the responses, and assess an impact of various sectors.

4.3 Data Sets

Ordinal Data: These are data that can be put in an order, but don’t have a numerical meaning

beyond the order. Examples: Questionnaire responses coded: Very unlikely, Unlikely,

Neutral, Likely and Very Likely (expressing the probability of a certain situation being

present now or in the future as per the respondent). Some questions are based on one or more

choices. Each choice there can hence have a maximum of 30 yes or nos. If the choice has

more than 15 yes, it may strongly point in the direction of that certain choice and hence

become very relevant and influencing. Choices with more than 20 responses are certainly

influential and choice with less than 10 responses may not be that influential.

4.4 Research Schedule

Secondary research has been carried out with the help of various journal articles, white

papers, other relevant theses, and electronic sources such as websites. The total number of

days spent in completing the secondary research or literature review was 12 days.

Simultaneously, primary research was carried out in between, with the total number of days

spent on the primary research being 21 days. A further 3 days were spent on reviewing the

entire paper and providing relevant conclusions and recommendations. The primary research

was the biggest challenge, as finding suitable respondents in Qatar was an envious task.

4.5 Pilot Study

A pilot study was conducted prior to the interviews and survey with the actual professionals

in the Supply Chain Management industry as well as key employees in various organizations

in Qatar. In this case, five friends of mine, all of whom work for various Multi-National

Corporations across the globe (including one in UAE) helped me by taking the survey online

at http://freeonlinesurveys.com/s.asp?sid=33v96iz9itd9yau594895.

They provided valuable feedback to me, which has helped me modify some of the questions

and give more attention to the use of Supply Chain Management in Organizations. Having

had the experience of usage of Supply Chain Management in an interactive organization, I

was open to their feedback, and formed my own conclusions regarding the usage of Supply

Chain Management.

5. Results and Analysis

As mentioned earlier, a total of thirty respondents have answered the questionnaire, from

various organizations and various management functional areas. While complete unison has

rarely been achieved in any question, some of the answers are extremely indicative of the

supply chain management scenario in Qatar at the moment. With the FIFA World Cup

looming large at their heads (in 2022) the figures reveal a story that calls for a more co-

ordinated effort towards achieving organizational harmony.

5.1 Results of the Survey

Question 1: How likely are you to find a Supply Chain Management expert in your

organization?

Very

Unlikely

Unlikely Neutral Likely Very

Likely

9 11 4 3 3

20 out of the 30 respondents agreed that it was highly unlikely or at least unlikely to find an

expert on supply chain management in their organization, with 4 not being sure and only 6

agreeing that it was either likely or very likely to find experts in the supply chain

management in their organizations.

Question 2: Availability of Skilled Personnel

6 Skilled Personnel are abundantly available

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

How likely are you to find a Supply Chain

Management expert in your organization?

Very Unlikely

Unlikely

Neutral

Likely

#REF!

8 Skilled Personnel are rarely available

16 Skilled Personnel are hardly available

Question 3: What is the quality of human resource available to your organization?

1 World Class resources available

8 Adequate quality resources not freely available

21 Resources available at a premium or internationally

0 5 10 15 20

Availability of Skilled

Personnel

Skilled Personnel are

hardly available

Skilled Personnel are

rarely available

Skilled Personnel are

abundantly available

0 10 20 30

What is the quality of

human resource available

to your organization?

Resources available at a

premium or

internationally

Adequate quality

resources not freely

available

World Class resources

available

The quality of resources available across various organizations, as opined by the respondents,

shows that only one respondent agreed to having world class resources available to them,

whereas, 8 respondents said that adequate resources were not freely available and 21

respondents said that the resources may be available internationally, but, it came with a

premium cost attached to it.

Question 4: Major Supply Chain management hindrances (Choose one or more)

22 Fluctuating transportation rates owing to transporting limit requirements

19 Unsteady government standards and regulations

11

Conflict in understanding of exchange related principles & regulation crosswise over GCC

nations

18 Cross fringe transportation in GCC

27 Constrained days of storage spaces allowed at ports

19 Accessibility of talented staff

11 Transportation of products between free zone and non free zone territories

9 Port/ Airport foundation

13 Ground level difficulties (like adequate parking facilities at prime areas)

11 Constrained accessibility of neighbourhood supplier(s)

17 Constrained perception in our supply chain

19 Inaccessibility of industry level information to benchmark our supply chain execution

When asked to list some of the major hindrances in a sustainable supply chain management

for their organizations, the respondents touched upon various issues in their organization,

which were:

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Major Supply Chain management hindrances (Choose

one or more)

Fluctuating transportation rates owing to

transporting limit requirements

Unsteady government standards and

regulations

Conflict in understanding of exchange

related principles & regulation crosswise

over GCC nationsCross fringe transportation in GCC

Constrained days of storage spaces

allowed at ports

Accessibility of talented staff

Transportation of products between free

zone and non free zone territories

Port/ Airport foundation

Ground level difficulties (like adequate

parking facilities at prime areas)

Constrained accessibility of neighborhood

supplier(s)

Constrained perception in our supply chain

Inaccessibility of industry level information

to benchmark our supply chain execution

Fluctuating transportation rates owing to transporting limit requirements

Unsteady government standards and regulations

Conflict in understanding of exchange related principles & regulation crosswise over

GCC nations

Cross fringe transportation in GCC

Accessibility of talented staff

Transportation of products between free zone and non-free zone territories

Port/ Airport foundation

Ground level difficulties (like adequate parking facilities at prime areas)

Constrained perception in our supply chain

Inaccessibility of industry level information to benchmark our supply chain execution

A majority of the respondents said the above-mentioned hindrances directly affected their

organization into implementing a sustainable supply chain.

Question 5: Primary Supply Chain Management objectives of your organization

30 Enhancing administration levels to clients

22 Expanding operational productivity & enhancing supply chain execution

21 Adjusting supply chain to the business technique

22 Enhancing supply chain adaptability, & responsiveness

10 Incorporating supply chain management with IT frameworks

7 Enhancing supply chain risk management

All the respondents agreed that the primary objective of their organizations supply chain was

to enhance administration levels to the clients, while 22 and 21 respondents agreed that it was

also Expanding operational productivity & enhancing supply chain execution and Adjusting

supply chain to the business technique respectively. Moreover, 22, 10 and 7 respondents

suggested that the main objectives also included Enhancing supply chain adaptability, &

responsiveness, Incorporating supply chain management with IT frameworks and Enhancing

supply chain risk management each.

Question 6: What are the Operational objectives in Supply Chain Management of your

organization?

28 Minimizing general supply chain costs

22 Deciding better sourcing areas/suppliers

29 Fortifying demand arranging and estimating capacities

27 Enhancing inbound/outbound transportation

19 Distribution centre streamlining

21 Creating cooperation among supply chain partners

20 Diminishing interest in stock

0 10 20 30

Primary Supply Chain

Management objectives of

your organization

Enhancing supply chain hazard

management

Incorporating supply chain

management with IT

frameworks

Enhancing supply chain

adaptability, & responsiveness

Adjusting supply chain to the

business technique

Expanding operational

productivity & enhancing supply

chain execution

Enhancing administration levels

to clients

11 Dealing with the expanded supply chain prerequisites because of business development

12 Aptitudes preparing and training for supply chain particular abilities

19 Expanding time span of usability accessibility/lessening out-of-stocks

25 Outsourcing exercises to oversee cost/profit

4 Shortening our Supply Chain (more neighbourhood substance)

The respondents listed various objectives of the organizations supply chain management,

which were:

Minimizing general supply chain costs

Deciding better sourcing areas/suppliers

Fortifying demand arranging and estimating capacities

Enhancing inbound/outbound transportation

Distribution center streamlining

Creating cooperation among supply chain partners

Diminishing interest in stock

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1

Shortening our Supply Chain (more

neighborhood substance)

Outsourcing exercises to oversee

cost/profit

Expanding time span of usability

accessibility/lessening out-of-

stocksAptitudes preparing and training

for supply chain particular abilities

Dealing with the expanded supply

chain prerequisites because of

business developmentDiminishing interest in stock

Creating cooperation among supply

chain accomplices

Distribution center streamlining

Enhancing inbound/outbound

transportation

Fortifying demand arranging and

estimating capacities

Deciding better sourcing

areas/suppliers

Dealing with the expanded supply chain prerequisites because of business

development

Aptitudes preparing and training for supply chain particular abilities

Expanding time span of usability accessibility/lessening out-of-stocks

Outsourcing exercises to oversee cost/profit

Shortening our Supply Chain (more neighbourhood substance)

Question 7: Major Constraints in your organizations Supply chain Management

11 Restricted arranging, anticipating and planning abilities

21 Our capacity to contract & hold gifted staff

22 Dealing with the expanded volume/ inefficiencies in our supply chain

11 Incorporating our IT framework

22 Overseeing venture into new markets/ new items

22 Restricted abilities of existing IT framework

19 Discovering suitable outsourcing partner(s)

2 No restricted coordinated effort among the supply chain partner(s)

26 Overseeing reverse logistics

Some of the major constraints in the organizations Supply Chain were identified as

capacity to contract & hold gifted staff

Dealing with the expanded volume/ inefficiencies in our supply chain

Overseeing venture into new markets/ new items

Restricted abilities of existing IT framework

Discovering suitable outsourcing partner(s)

Overseeing reverse logistics

Question 8: What is the understanding and (or) implementation of Supply Chain

Management in your organization?

3 Extremely incorporated with other management areas

19 Getting there/being planned and will see future results

8 Very Basic with little scope of improvement in the future

Most of the respondents believed that their organizations are developing a good supply chain

management system in place and will be ready for future challenges.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1

Overseeing reverse logistics

No restricted coordinated effort among

the supply chain partner(s)

Discovering suitable outsourcing

partner(s)

Restricted abilities of existing IT

framework

Overseeing venture into new markets/

new items

Incorporating our IT framework

Dealing with the expanded volume/

inefficiencies in our supply chain

Our capacity to contract & hold gifted

staff

Restricted arranging, anticipating and

planning abilities

Open Ended Question which called for opinions on how to improve the supply chain

management in their organizations.

A lot of the respondents (majority, around 80%) opined that integrating technology was the

best way to improve the supply chain difficulties in their organizations. They also added that

to stay aggressive all around and stay on the front line of a complex business world, more

organizations are consolidating innovation into their supply chain management frameworks

today. Lately, purchasers have ended up progressively demanding, setting their desires high

in terms of value and administration. In the meantime, supply chain administrators now

understand that the most recent engineering can help them guarantee better responsibility and

perceptibility, permitting them to keep up tight control and stay in front of the pack. Today's

innovation has broad capacity with regards to staying with a' company's production on track,

foreseeing and repairing slip-ups, and making alterations that ensure a top-quality item. Each

connection in the supply chain can be observed at the same time, and mechanized notice

frameworks are particularly profitable for sending a solitary message to numerous players

through a mixed bag of media channels. Mechanized sending and following, and electronic

invoicing, are also centre parts of a cutting edge supply chain management framework that is

intended to keep clients fulfilled. The blossoming cluster of supply chain-related applications

and peculiarities for Smart gadgets (such as phones, Tablets and even Televisions) and other

cell phones is adding huge convey-ability to supply chain management. With their durable

0

5

10

15

20

What is the understanding and

(or) implementation of Supply

Chain Management in your

organization?

Extremely incorporated

with other management

areas

Getting there/being

planned and will see

future results

Very Basic with little

scope of improvement in

the future

battery life, console capacities, standardized identification filtering, top notch computerized

cams and discourse distinguishable characteristics, tablet machines and advanced cells give

fantastic usefulness to stockroom operations. This is particularly valid for handheld gadgets

that have been "ruggedized," or particularly intended to withstand unforgiving situations and

potential harm from being dropped or blasted. The versatility, adaptability and comfort of

remote gadgets mean supply chain supervisors can facilitate forms at each connection in the

chain, paying little mind to their physical area. Furthermore, workers, merchants and other

supply chain partners can assume dynamic parts in guaranteeing proficiency for instance;

truck drivers can utilize GPS-prepared gadgets to promptly report transportation catches that

may upset techniques further along the supply chain. Programming projects and distributed

computing have enormously upgraded the following of materials and items, with continuous

announcements accessible at the touch of a catch. They also permit organizations to modify

creation timetables and inventory levels on the fly.

5.2 Analysis of the Survey

Increased competition and the fluctuating demand for items and administrations are the main

two business requirements referred to by respondents. These are to a great extent determined

by globalization and financial unpredictability consolidated with the effect of an educated and

developing purchaser base, whether from nearby, regional or worldwide sources.

Respondents said that increased competition from regional and worldwide organizations, and

from some disorderly managed organizations value wars have been prompted leading in this

way to affect the net revenues.

The deficiency of talented assets is an alternate key business challenge. Organizations think

that it hard to enlisted person talented National ability. Qatar nations are concentrating on

lessening their dependence on remote work through different instruction and improvement

programs and the private segment is also being swayed to contract Nationals where

conceivable. The inexorably aggressive environment and the inaccessibility of aptitudes are

testing organizations to find better approaches for working together and including worth to

their items and administrations. This could incorporate delivering specialty items and

administrations or making preference through more compelling and effective supply chain

management.

Supply chain goals and obligations

The top supply chain objective for organizations over Qatar is enhancing client

administration which is seen as key to holding and developing client bases. Organizations are

receiving different methods to accomplish this, case in point putting resources into CRM

frameworks to better track and understand client inclination. Other key targets are to progress

operational proficiency and the execution of their supply chains, to adjust the supply chain

with the business system and to enhance supply chain adaptability, dexterity and

responsiveness. These targets are all adjusted to backing the essential target of expanding

client administration.

Minimizing operational supply chain costs has been positioned as the most critical

operational supply chain objective over Qatar nations. Respondents noted that decreasing

supply chain expenses are a continuous action and that they are consistently searching for

option approaches to oversee their operations all the more viably. Organizations are also

concentrating on streamlining their sourcing areas and suppliers and on fortifying their

demand arranging and estimating capacities to enhance their execution and lessen their

interest in inventory and outdated stock. Upgrading inbound and outbound transportation is

an alternate strategy they are conveying to lessen operational expenses as delivering and

cargo expenses are the key segments of supply chain costs.

Today supply chain and logistics management has moved from adjusting expense decreases

with enhancing administration levels to one which perceives these exercises and parts to be

the makers and wellspring of focal point. The top supply chain stipulation confronting

organizations over Qatar region is constrained arranging, demand estimating and planning

capacities prompting challenges with foreseeing demand precisely. This can prompt stock-

outs that adversely affect client administration and deals or overabundance stock that adds

unnecessary expense to a business. The second most elevated positioning obligation is the

contracting and maintenance of gifted supply chain assets. This adjusts to one of the top key

business demands being the absence of accessibility of talented human assets. This pattern is

apparent all through the report as a demand to working together in Qatar region. As saw in

the business goals, a dominant part of the overview respondents are looking to expand their

operations. Be that as it may, as noted by respondents, they are worried about their capacity

to oversee increased volumes and inefficiencies in their supply chain which will effect on the

achievement of their extension plans. Respondents are also worried about their existing

numerous, divided IT frameworks, numerous of which fail to offer the abilities to backing the

management of their supply chains, and they perceive the need to redesign and coordinate

them. There is a worldwide move far from immaculate data to business insights where all

data is taken a gander at comprehensively to give an incorporated perspective of business

action execution and patterns.

The top external obligation confronted by respondents over Qatar nations is the much of the

time changing transportation rates of administration suppliers. Due to fluctuating demand and

limit imperatives, transportation lines have eliminated certain courses and goals prompting an

increment in delivery cargo rates to specific goals. The second and third top requirements

positioned by respondents are the consistent change in government standards and regulations

and the conflicting exchange manages over Qatar. These are a reason for sympathy toward

organizations with regional operations. A distinction in understanding of the laws heads to

longer leeway and transportation times and influences the capacity of the organizations to

convey products to clients on time. Respondents highlighted difficulties, for example,

constrained days of capacity because of blockage and the constrained size of a few ports.

Notwithstanding, this issue is being tended to and Qatar nations are going to extraordinary

lengths to create world-class ports. The Doha Port in Qatar, one of the biggest and most

current activities of its kind in Qatar region, is also to be produced with an expected limit of

six million TEUs every year by 2030 and network to the mainland through an eight and a half

kilometre span.

The accessibility and maintenance of talented assets, especially in fact gifted staff is a key

business obligation for all supply chain foresight respondents. Respondents also highlighted

the test of aptitude maintenance because of the absence of reliability of workers who

movement occupations promptly when getting more lucrative open doors once they re

prepared and have the essential information. Organizations address the aptitudes deficiency in

the region by contracting staff from worldwide markets be that as it may with the dedication

over the GCC to expanding the livelihood level of nearby Nationals, this reliance will

decrease in the long haul.

6. Conclusions and Recommendations

6.1 Conclusion

To flourish in today's unpredictable worldwide commercial centre organizations need to

consistently reinvent themselves to meet new difficulties and hold and addition a advantage.

This obliges them to be nimble, adaptable and responsive and drive ceaseless development in

their business and their supply chains. Organizations worldwide are confronting the

difficulties of inconsistent orders and expanded desires of speedier throughput determined by

quick changing purchaser demand. They are also under consistent weight to lessen supply

chain expenses, adapt to higher introduction to characteristic and man-made risks and

discover and hold gifted individuals while also being all the more socially and

environmentally mindful.

Sustainable supply chain management, which can be viewed as the enhanced management of

supply chains through the incorporation of natural, financial and social issues, has pulled in

noteworthy consideration both in the supply chain and natural management writing and also

among professionals in organizations around the world. The principle drivers for this move

have been the quick utilization and expanding contamination of characteristic assets due to

enormous financial advancement and uncontrolled urbanization. The inconceivable

ecological corruption has called forward the supportability guideline, transforming natural

angles into vital criteria in business choice making. This circumstance has at last brought

about tying natural enactment and weights forced by the inner and outside clients together

with the stakeholders. The supportable management of supply chains started by these drivers

has soon taken a deliberate way because of some essential returns, for example, expanded

effectiveness, diminished expenses, expanded interior and outside consumer loyalty,

expanded deals and piece of the pie together with a more successful risk management.

Despite the fact that Qatar is one of the littlest nations in the Middle East, its monetary riches

far exceeds its geographic size. The Qatari economy has seen a blast in the course of the most

recent 10 years, with GDP multiplying. Notwithstanding approximately 15 billion barrels of

oil stores, Qatar has demonstrated common gas stores of almost 26 trillion cubic meters,

which is around 14% of the world's absolute and is the third biggest national holds in the

world. These national assets have put Qatar at the top of the rundown for GDP every capita

salary on the planet, at $90,000 every individual as per the International Fiscal Fund (IMF).

The fruitful 2022 FIFA World Cup™ offer has absolutely served to place Qatar immovably

on the world stage, yet facilitating one of the world's generally imperative wearing occasions

is a piece of a much more extensive system. Perceiving that its noteworthy hydrocarbon

stores won't keep going forever, the Qatari government has set up a system for conveying

long haul conclusions for the nation in the 'Qatar National Vision'. By 2030, Qatar means to

be a progressed society, equipped for supporting its improvement and giving an exclusive

requirement of living for its kin for eras to come. Notwithstanding this, Qatar will, probably,

offer again to have the Olympic Games which this speculation will help. Accomplishment of

this vision will finish the voyage from a hydrocarbon economy to a "learning economy",

through the four mainstays of: Human Improvement; Social Development; Economic

Improvement; and Environmental Development. At the point when considered in the setting

of this vision, the 2022 FIFA World Cup™ has surely given a impetus for conveyance of the

Qatar National Vision. It's not pretty much the competition itself - the 2022 FIFA World

Cup™ will give a remarkable chance to convey an extraordinary legacy, the length of it is

deliberately arranged to guarantee a fitting harmony between the prerequisites of the

competition itself and the future utilization of the more extensive offices. And additionally

setting the system and scale to encourage improvement, the 2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar™

also gives a settled, unchangeable due date that must be conveyed. However, it is a long way

to go for Qatar. They can draw inspiration from some world renowned organizations and try

to implement the strategies as their own.

Examples available internationally of sustainable supply chain management being a success

can be cited as:

The John Deere Company's utilization of SmartOps logistics management

programming has helped the equipment supplier build its on-time shipments to

merchants from 63% to 92%, while lessening its inventory by almost $1 billion.

Working with DHL Supply Chain, games footwear and attire goliath Nike actualized

radio-based item observing for warehousing and dispersion purposes and also

presented constant conveyance notice. The supply chain changes have been credited

with decreasing expenses and boosting effectiveness.

Since quite a while ago eminent for its supply chain management forms, Wal-Mart

consolidates condition of-the-craftsmanship engineering and system frameworks to

foresee demand, track inventory levels and arrangement proficient transportation

courses.

With many dispersion focuses overall handling a huge number of items, Amazon.com

should regularly tweak its supply chain. In 2012, for instance, the online retailer

reported it would purchase Kiva Systems Inc., a maker of robots and other robotized

engineering for circulation focuses.

6.2 Recommendations

Qatar, the UAE and Saudi Arabia were positioned the most elevated among Qatar nations in

the World Economic Forums 2013-2014 Global Competitive Index in terms of essential

necessities: proficiency enhancers, development and complexity. This highlights the

development capability of these economies in giving an effective commercial center and

framework for empowering exchange. The Global Competitive Index is some piece of the

Global Competitive Report created by the World Economic Forum and surveys the

aggressiveness of 144 economies, giving knowledge into the drivers of their benefit and

thriving. In accordance with the Logistics Performance List evaluations, Qatar, Saudi Arabia

and the UAE were all appraised as having a solid aggressive standpoint.

According to Enrico Camerinelli (n.d)

The purpose and function of the supply chain comes down to a simple mantra: deliver the

right product – or service – in the right place, at the right time and in the right condition.”

(Camerinelli, n.d, p. 2)

Some recommendations to ensure an effective and Sustainable Supply Chain Management

include:

Identification of partners in innovation: Supply chain supervisors must figure out

which of their suppliers have abilities they can take advantage of to help produce

developments in items, administrations or go-to-market methodologies, The

acquirement association ought to assume a key part, by getting to be to a lesser degree

a methodology killer and even more a procedure empowering influence and searching

for chances to enhance momentum forms by leveraging supplier capacities.

Segmentation of supply base: To recognize the right partenrs, division of suppliers

must turn into a "foundational" aptitude, An organization must have the capacity to

cut up the supply base in various courses regarding empowering development Most

associations have a solitary, customary approach to fragment their suppliers, however

they have to have the capacity to section them in various courses, around heaps of

diverse criteria.

Involving the employees: The employees need to be in sync with how and when to

impact a client. They must know the corporate responsibilities and objectives at all

channels.

Integration of Sales, Finance and Operations management: "Coordinate what Sales

arrangements to offer, what Operations arrangements to make and what Finance has

gauge into a solitary agreement driven arrangement, Sales and Operations Planning

gives the ideal harmony between client demand, generation limits and corporate

monetary execution.

Use technology at various levels and integrate them in the entire supply chain.

Analysis of consumer expectations and meeting them: Numerous management gurus

accept that the supply chain begins at the stockroom and finishes when items have

been conveyed to stores, This essentially isn't genuine and is symptomatic of the

delivery attitude that unenlightened retailers have. More essential than guaranteeing

items are supplied on the racks is that those items are attractive by your clients (or

considered so). So make sure to track which items your clients really need and which

ones they don't as a component of your supply chain management method.

Include marketing activities and expenses into supply chain: Incorporate promoting

uses, which incorporate expenses, asset cut off points and expected demand effect of

proposed advertising activities, into your supply chain plan to expand corporate

productivity By doing this, organizations recognize which promoting fights ought to

be actualized and which ought to be dodged, the ideal target clients, channels and

items for each one battle and the relating ideal acquirement, assembling and

dissemination prerequisites, all in light of supply chain costs, limits, administration

necessities and the max benefit objective.

In order to achieve these desired recommendations, an organization must first have:

Demand and Supply Planning

Acquisition & Operations Management

Shipping & Logistics Management

Client Service and Returns Management

Risk and International Trade Management

The most effective way to accomplish these are through three stages:

Identification of key resources and requirements in the organization.

Measurement of the requirements of the resources and its availability.

Reorganization so that the demand for resources is met with the adequate supply.

Lessons can be drawn in from the pioneers of new age supply chain management masters and

pioneers at Toyota Motor Corp. Toyota and other worldwide producers are trying different

things with a mix of innovation and new operations methods to help their lean worldwide

supply operations recuperate all the more rapidly from interruption. (Marchese, 2014). In the

result of the destroying 9.0 tremor that struck northern Japan in March 2011, auto producing

titan Toyota adapted first-hand the degree to which one characteristic catastrophe can wreak

devastation on a finely tuned worldwide supply chain. (Marchese, 2014). The organization

had as of late accomplished the position of top rated automaker around the world, much

obliged to a limited extent to its hard overseen supply chain. Toyota had worked

perseveringly over numerous years to expel slack from its supply operations by utilizing in

the nick of time parts conveyance to keep inventories to a base. However having pruned its

supplier base extremely as a component of this methodology to a solitary supplier for a few

parts—it got to be defenceless against interruption. In the fallout of the 2011 seismic tremor,

Identification

Measurement

Reorganization

a couple of debilitated parts producers in Japan acquired Toyota mechanical production

systems China and North America to an end. Worldwide generation plunged by 29.9 percent.

Additionally, it took six months for some suppliers to come back to peruke conveyance

levels. (Marchese, 2014). Common debacles are one of numerous occasions that can disturb

an organization's vital supply chain operations. Whether its a spike in demand for a specific

item in a regional business sector, a demonstration of war or terrorism, an administrative

change, Toyota and different organizations working all inclusive are acknowledging they

must suit the startling in the event that they would like to flourish. (Marchese, 2014). Stung

by the experience, Toyota set out to change its supply chain in ways that would make it

conceivable to recuperate from future substantial scale interruptions in two weeks or less.

Figuring out how to activate all the more viably in the consequence of calamity would not be

sufficient. Toyota's whole supply framework needed to figure out how to envision issues if

not generally the cataclysmic occasion itself, then the thump on impacts that would

inexorably take after. Management left on a substantial scale activity to uncover

vulnerabilities and then worked inside with architects, technologists, and business pioneers,

and remotely with suppliers, to address them. The consequences of this exertion are

sweeping: Toyota now has an all the more forward-looking, adaptable, and powerful supply

chain. (Marchese, 2014).

Toyota's experience offers an amazing sample of a test numerous makers face. Accordingly,

the organization has created an answer others now need to recreate. The operational and

mechanical necessities for making expectant supply chains will change from area to part and

even organization to organization; on the other hand, a couple of general standards may

demonstrate extensively helpful: (Marchese, 2014).

Supply chain contemplations are fundamental to procedure. Customarily, the supply chain

group decided the best system for gathering item prerequisites once the methodology had

been set, which regularly brought about "unintentional supply chains." Today, determined by

more noteworthy worldwide intricacy, supply chain contemplations are getting to be

fundamental to method. (Marchese, 2014).

Supply chain associations require new initiative and ability. Planning and keeping up the

expectant supply chain will oblige pioneers who are both genuine trend-setters and trained

administrators officials who join worldwide involvement with inventive critical thinking and

scientific aptitudes. Effectively, numerous organizations are giving more power and

obligation to supply chain officials on the grounds that they perceive that supply chains are

essential to the eventual fate of the association. (Marchese, 2014).

Supply chain change may advantage from expanded regionalization. In the new wave of

globalization, the basic exchange streams recognizable to most chiefs ease makers in the East

supplying items to rich customers in the West—are offering approach to much more intricate

examples. In parts of the world that have been places for minimal effort producing, new

riches is generally made and utilization is climbing quickly. Partnerships spotting income

development opportunities in these businesses are scrambling to update supply systems to

match demand and supply inside the same region. (Marchese, 2014)

The Role of Technology

The vision of the expectant supply chain will probably take years to acknowledge completely.

At each venture along the way, in any case, the best associations will probably apply heading

edge innovation to upgrade their continuous understanding of movement in intricate supply

arranges, and to enhance the financial matters of having generation limit closer to utilization.

(Marchese, 2014)

As the Internet of Things (IOT) expands and organizations' examination ended up more

complex, prescient supply choice making will progressively get to be mechanized. Sensors

flagging disturbances or sudden action in remote corners of the world will trigger fitting

changes in the streams of materials. (Marchese, 2014)

Different innovations will reshape worldwide supply chains too. Added substance fabricating,

referred to famously as 3d printing, has the potential not just to change the assembling

procedure for a few merchandise, however to significantly decrease or even take out the

requirement for transportation these products crosswise over long separations. A significant

part of the fervor about this advancing innovation is focused around the possibility of having

the capacity to fabricate new parts as opposed to needing to either stock huge mixed bags of

them "in the event that something goes wrong," or acquire deferrals while they are

transported from unified distribution centres. (Marchese, 2014)

Perpetually refined apply autonomy may make it workable for assembling timetables to turn

on a dime. In view of this potential, Apple is putting a reported $10.5 billion in praiseworthy

generation mechanization. The organization is striking arrangements that will provide for it

select access to advances for various undertakings, from cleaning the colored plastic of

iPhone 5c cell phone cases to laser-cutting the aluminium collections of Mac book

computers. (Marchese, 2014)

7. For Future Research

Risk Management has now turned into a vital piece of each part of business operations.

Expanding danger because of terrorism, competition, eccentric climate, and shortage of

characteristic assets are significant attentiveness toward supply chain directors. So as to

protect business operations from eccentric, wild occasions that can possibly hamper material

supply, creation and dispersion, more supply chain directors are turning towards risk

management in SCM. New Zealand's dairy monster Fonterra, for instance, was as of late

gotten in the Chinese melamine milk scandal. Despite the fact that Fonterra thought about the

spoiled drain as right on time as August 2, it was not able to create confirm that its dairy

items were tainted with melamine until

September 10. The six-week defer in item review did a considerable measure of harm to the

Fonterra brand and made the organization obligated for indictment under EU laws. Our

examination study has demonstrated that regardless of becoming risks in every zone of

supply chain, right from acquisition to conveyance, mindfulness towards risk management

has not arrived at numerous zones of supply chain management. While a bit in excess of 85%

of respondents have actualized risk management in particular supply chain capacities, for

example, inventory and suppliers, IT security keeps on being a dismissed territory. We feel

that there is a huge open door for making mindfulness and helping associations in executing a

organized supply far reaching risk management structure. Information Quality is extremely

discriminating in guaranteeing that ideal risk management methods are set up. In the event

that organizations don't have a reasonable thought on the quantity of things or suppliers they

oversee, then it would be troublesome for them to make a decent risk management plan. A

substantial CPG producer had assessed that the organization was overseeing data on around

100,000 items; an information quality activity however demonstrated that the number was

just around 45,000. Notwithstanding risk management on inventory levels and suppliers,

associations should also center on other potential risk territories, for example, brand and

notoriety risk, administrative agreeability risk, risk because of common cataclysms and item

danger. Management of risk over the supply chain is key to business sustenance and

proceeded benefit. A percentage of the steps that organizations can take to secure vigorous

risk management methods over all capacities of their supply chains are:

o Proactively recognize all potential risks inalienable in the supply chain

o Establish viable control procedures went for overseeing risk

o Set responsibility for both inner and outer stakeholders

o Define execution measurements for supply chain risk management

IT infiltration in Supply Chain

Today, IT is a crucial and basic business help base. An expansive number of organizations

are sending and utilizing diverse exchange transforming frameworks. In today's environment,

most organizations have actualized endeavor wide business bundles to run their everyday

business procedures like acquisition, inventory management, dispatch and monetary

management. Our examination substantiates this, as more than 80% of respondents have

executed IT frameworks for their supply chain.

Ranges of Technology Implementation notwithstanding, when we assessed these IT

frameworks focused around the reason for usage, it was discovered that a dominant part,

around 95%, of IT frameworks are value-based frameworks and the organization is restricted

to specific capacities like inventory, creation arranging, bookkeeping and shop floor. There is

enormous potential to expand the organization of IT frameworks to territories like logistics

and warehousing, deals and dispersion and in choice emotionally supportive networks like

APO.Supply chain engineering has advanced, and organizations worldwide are taking a

gander at more mind boggling undertakings, for example, process trustworthiness, exchange

unwavering quality, and insights or better choice making, information perceptibility and less

demanding mix with their supplier's supply chain. Organizations are also coordinating RFID

advances for enhanced inventory following. Organizations are considering cross-useful

coordination of supply chain innovations not just inside diverse utilitarian regions

additionally with various IT frameworks of their clients and suppliers. As the requirement for

correspondence and joining among diverse innovations emerges, organizations also look for

basic standards that would guarantee information straightforwardness and interoperability. A

percentage of the best practices in engineering, for example, Spend Management, are quick

getting to be general standards. Today, IT needs to be centered towards giving sagacity and

knowledge for preferred choice making rather over giving gigantic information from

ERP/SCM or other comparable frameworks that regularly overpowers clients however is not

of much useful utilization to them. Guaranteeing the accessibility of predictable data

crosswise over diverse applications is a major challenge. Numerous applications require

extensive ability. On-demand, facilitated administrations offer organizations financially

savvy arrangements with the privilege blend of engineering, methodologies and aptitude.

They guarantee that information is exact and composite.

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Appendices:

Appendix 1:

[Source: (Sarkis, 2003, p. 400)]

Appendix 2: Survey Sheet

1

How likely are you to find a Supply Chain Management expert in your organization?

Very

Unlikely

Unlikely Neutral Likely Very

Likely

Choose One

2

Availability of Skilled Personnel

o Skilled Personnel are abundantly available

o Skilled Personnel are rarely available

o Skilled Personnel are hardly available

3

What is the quality of human resource available to your organization?

o World Class resources available

o Adequate quality resources not freely available

o Resources available at a premium or internationally

4

Major Supply Chain management hindrances (Choose one or more)

o Fluctuating transportation rates owing to transporting limit requirements

o Unsteady government standards and regulations

o Conflict in understanding of exchange related principles & regulation

crosswise over GCC nations

o Cross fringe transportation in GCC

o Constrained days of storage spaces allowed at ports

o Accessibility of talented staff

o Transportation of products between free zone and non free zone territories

o Port/ Airport foundation

o Ground level difficulties (like adequate parking facilities at prime areas)

o Constrained accessibility of neighborhood supplier(s)

o Constrained perceivability in our supply chain

o Inaccessibility of industry level information to benchmark our supply

chain execution

5

Primary Supply Chain Management objectives of your organization

o Enhancing administration levels to clients

o Expanding operational productivity & enhancing supply chain execution

o Adjusting supply chain to the business technique

o Enhancing supply chain adaptability, & responsiveness

o Incorporating supply chain management with IT frameworks

o Enhancing supply chain risk management

6

What are the Operational objectives in Supply Chain Management of your organization?

o Minimizing general supply chain costs

o Deciding better sourcing areas/suppliers

o Fortifying demand arranging and estimating capacities

o Enhancing inbound/outbound transportation

o Distribution center streamlining

o Creating cooperation among supply chain partners

o Diminishing interest in stock

o Dealing with the expanded supply chain prerequisites because of business

development

o Aptitudes preparing and training for supply chain particular abilities

o Expanding time span of usability accessibility/lessening out-of-stocks

o Outsourcing exercises to oversee cost/profit

o Shortening our Supply Chain (more neighborhood substance)

7

Major Constraints in your organizations Supply chain Management

o Restricted arranging, anticipating and planning abilities

o Our capacity to contract & hold gifted staff

o Dealing with the expanded volume/ inefficiencies in our supply chain

o Incorporating our IT framework

o Overseeing venture into new markets/ new items

o Restricted abilities of existing IT framework

o Discovering suitable outsourcing partner(s)

o No restricted coordinated effort among the supply chain partner(s)

o Overseeing reverse logistics

8

What is the understanding and (or) implementation of Supply Chain Management in your

organization?

o Extremely incorporated with other management areas

o Getting there/being planned and will see future results

o Very Basic with little scope of improvement in the future

9

Additional Comments/ Areas of improving Supply chain management in your organization:

THANK YOU FOR YOUR VALUABLE TIME