Scientific evidence for evolution
description
Transcript of Scientific evidence for evolution
![Page 1: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Scientific evidence for evolution
Know the name of the evidence AND
how it shows evidence
![Page 2: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/11/2/e_s_3.html
![Page 3: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
• Biogeographical Evidence
• Compares species (biological) in different places (geographical areas)
• Darwin realised that a)Species could look similar but live in different parts of the world, Designed same body part for same reason• e.g dry habitat so preserve water by reducing size of
leaves to needles
![Page 4: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Euphorbia sp (left)and Cactus sp (right)
![Page 5: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Or b)
• Darwin noticed that animals on islands look more similar to animals on nearby islands, and different to animals on faraway islands.
• (More likely to have a common ancestor with closely related islands)
![Page 6: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
![Page 7: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
• Different shaped tortoise, depending on how high up they reach for food, live on different islands.
![Page 8: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
• Mainland iguana, island iguana
![Page 9: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Fossils • Show changes in a species over time,
e.g • horse fossils show trend over time• Ammonite fossils show how some animals are extinct now.
![Page 10: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Comparative anatomy
• The study of similarities and differences in body structure,
• It was what scientists used to make connections in family trees before DNA.
• The idea is that if species share a common structure, they probably have a common ancestor.
![Page 11: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
![Page 12: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
• Vestigial organs are also part of Comparative Anatomy,
• They are organs that are present, because the ancestor had them, but are not needed for the species lifestyle today,
• e.g hips in snakes, • ear moving muscles in humans.
![Page 13: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
• Snake hips and ear muscles – not useful now but show evidence of what used to be
![Page 14: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Comparative embryology
• The developmental stages of embryos show the relationship between different species, where there are common stages of development are likely to have had a common ancestor.
![Page 15: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
• The vertebrate embryos all go through similar stages, no matter whether they are a fish, bird, reptile or mammal, which suggest they have a common ancestor.
• The next slide shows bird, pig, reptile and human embryos at similar stages.
![Page 16: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
![Page 17: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Molecular Biology
• DNA for all species is based on the same 4 letter code.• How similar two whole codes of the different
species are suggests how closely related two species are.
• DNA for Humans and for chimpanzees is 97% the same.
![Page 18: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
![Page 19: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
• DNA code controls the proteins we make, • So if the proteins are similar in our bodies
then species probably have a common ancestor in the recent past.
• The strength of the similarity tells how closely related they are.
![Page 20: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Proteins are built up by joining Amino Acids, if they are the same species
are closely related.
![Page 21: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
![Page 22: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
![Page 23: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
![Page 24: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Year 13 examples
![Page 25: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
• Scientists can study fossils and anatomy of current species to work out how animals evolved bones to help them fly.
![Page 26: Scientific evidence for evolution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568162ca550346895dd3560c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Analogous structures• Comparing structures that have the same purpose but did not
come from a common structure , they did not have a common ancestor with a similar structure,