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Scientific classification of organisms and FungiM. BARAKAT2016

Scientific classification of organismsIn biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, pl. regna) is a taxonomic rank, which is either the highest rank or in the more recent three-domain system, therank below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla (in zoology) or divisions in botany. The complete sequence of ranks is life,domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Currently, textbooks from the United States use a system of six kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria) while British, Australian and Latin American textbooks may describe five kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protoctista and Prokaryota, or Monera).

Historically, the number of kingdoms in widely accepted classifications has grown from two to six. However, phylogenetic research from about 2000 on wards does not support any of the traditional systems.

FUNGI

MYCOTA

FUNGI

1998

REFERENCES

Suggestions for taxonomic standards Choice of nomenclatural standard is generally left to the discretion of the author. The following standard treatments are recommended. Margulis, L & K.V. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on Earth. Third edition. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York. 520 pp.American Ornithologists Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds, Seventh edition. American Ornithologists Union, Washington, D.C. 829 pp. (For North America).

Monroe, B.L. Jr. & C.G. Sibley. 1993. A world checklist of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. 393 p. (For remainder of the world.)Cassie, B. et al. 1995. North American Butterfly Association (NABA) checklist and English names of North American butterflies. Morristown, NJ. 43 pp.Paulson, D.R. & S.W. Dunkle. 1999. A checklist of North American Odonata including English names, etymology, type locality, and distribution. Slater Museum of Natural History Occasional Paper 56, Univ. Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA.

Eschmeyer, W.N., C.J. Ferraris & M.D. Hoang. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences.

Robins, C.R. et al. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Fifth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication No. 20. 183 pp.

Esslinger, T. L. & R. S. Egan. 1995. A sixth checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolus, and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. The Bryologist 98: 467-549.

Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (editors). 1993. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1206 pp.

Turgeon, D.D. et al. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. Second edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication. No. 26. 526 pp.

Anderson, L.E., H.A. Crum & W.R. Buck. 1990. List of the mosses of North America north of Mexico. Bryologist 93: 448-499

Collins, J.T. 1997. Standard common and current scientific names for North American Amphibians and Reptiles, Fourth Edition, Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles. Herp. Circular No. 25. 40 pp.

Frost, D.R. 1985. Amphibian species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Allen Press, Inc. Lawrence, KS. 732 pp.

Petranka, J.W. 1998. Salamanders of the United Staes and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 587 pp.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, (where completed).

Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Second Edition. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 622 p.

Margulis, L. & Schwartz, K.V. 1998. Five Kingdoms. An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth, Third Edition. W.H. Freeman, New York.

Agrios G.N. 2005. Plant pathology, 5th edition. Elsevier Academic Press: San Diego, California