Science Teeth and Digestive Systems - Ark Globe Academy 4... · Glossary 1 Teeth A set of hard...
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Pupil Workbook Year 4, Unit 4 Science Name: Teeth and Digestive Systems
Transcript of Science Teeth and Digestive Systems - Ark Globe Academy 4... · Glossary 1 Teeth A set of hard...
Pupil Workbook Year 4, Unit 4
Science
Name:
Teeth and Digestive Systems
Formative Assessment Scores
Notes:
Knowledge Quiz 4.1
Knowledge Quiz 4.2
Knowledge Quiz 4.3
Knowledge Quiz 4.4
Knowledge Quiz 4.5
Pupil Workbook Year 4, Unit 4
Science
Teeth and Digestive Systems
Science: Teeth and Digestive Systems Knowledge Organiser
Types of Teeth
Incisors Canines Premolars Molars
The incisors at the front of the mouth have a sharp biting
surface and are used for cutting or shearing food into
small chewable pieces.
The canines are on either side of the incisors. They have a
sharp, pointed biting surface. Their function is to grip
and tear food.
The premolars are towards the back of the mouth.
Unlike incisors and canines, premolars have a flat biting
surface. Their function is to tear and crush food.
The molars are at the back of the mouth. They are the
largest of the teeth and have a large flat biting surface. The
function of the molars is to chew, crush and grind food.
What are teeth?We have teeth because they help us to eat things. Our teeth are the hardest material in the human body and they cut, tear, crush and grind our food. Our first teeth begin to grow when we are around 6 months old. The front teeth often appear first — we call our first set of teeth our ‘milk teeth’. Adult teeth begin to grow when we are around 6 years old — after our other teeth have fallen out.
What are animal teeth like?Animal teeth are different depending on whether an animal is a carnivore, herbivore or omnivore. This is because different types of teeth help you to eat different types of food.
What are our teeth made from?Our teeth are made of pulp, dentine and enamel. The enamel is the white, outside layer of the tooth. The dentine is the soft, more yellow layer underneath and the pulp is where the nerves are found. The part of the tooth above the surface is the crown and the part found in the gum is the root.
What can happen to our teeth?If we do not look after our teeth then they can become damaged or they can even fall out. We only have one set of adult teeth and so if we lose them, they will not grow back!Food and bacteria can build up on our teeth if we do not clean them properly. We call this plaque. The bacteria in the plaque attacks our teeth — causing them to rot and turn black.
Glossary
1 Teeth A set of hard structures found in the mouth for chewing and biting.
2 Incisor Type of tooth shaped for cutting.
3 Canine Type of tooth shaped for gripping and tearing.
4 Premolar Type of tooth shaped for crushing, tearing and grinding.
5 Molar Type of tooth shaped for crushing, chewing and grinding.
6 Milk Teeth A name sometimes given to the first set of human teeth.
7 Decay When something begins to rot away.
8 Enamel The hard white coating on the outside of our teeth.
9 Dentine The softer, more yellow layer of our teeth found under the enamel.
10 Pulp The softest inner part of our teeth where the nerves are found.
11 Plaque A build-up of food, sugar and bacteria on our teeth.
12 Digestive System The system our body has for turning food into energy.
13 Oesophagus A long tube from our mouth to our stomach.
14 Liver An organ which produces bile.
15 Stomach An organ which is part of the digestive system.
16 Intestine Includes the small and large intestines.
17 Gall Bladder Stores bile from the liver.
18 Pancreas A gland found behind the stomach – it helps with digestion.
19 Rectum The final section of the large intestine.
20 Anus Where waste food leaves our body.
What do some of our digestive organs look like?
Stomach Liver Small Intestine Large Intestine
Food stays here for around four hours. Here the food is broken down into smaller
pieces mixed into a paste. The acid in our stomach kills a
lot of bad bacteria that could make us sick.
Food does not pass through or into our liver but the liver
plays an important role in our digestive system.
The liver produces bile which helps break up fat into
smaller pieces.
In the small intestine, food is mixed with juices from the liver and pancreas. After this, the food is absorbed from the
small intestine and around our body through our blood.
The last stage of the digestive system. Here, any of the food that our body cannot use or does not need is stored until it makes its way out of our
body as waste.
What journey does our food take through our digestive system?Once food has been chewed and swallowed, it travels down the oesophagus and enters the stomach. The stomach breaks down our food. From the stomach, the food travels into the small intestine, where our body absorbs what it needs. Then the food travels onto the large intestine. The rectum and anus get rid of the food our bodies did not use.
What happens when we eat?When we eat, our food enters our digestive system.The human digestive system includes many different organs that process our food — turning it into something our bodies can use and getting rid of what our bodies cannot use. Without our digestive system, our bodies would not function and we would have no energy.
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Knowledge Record
Wha
t do
hum
an
teet
h lo
ok li
ke?
Wha
t can
hap
pen
if
we
do n
ot lo
ok
afte
r ou
r te
eth?
Doe
s ea
tin
g an
d dr
inki
ng
dam
age
our
teet
h?
Do
all a
nim
als
have
th
e sa
me
teet
h?
Wha
t mak
es u
p ou
r di
gest
ive
syst
em?
How
doe
s ou
r di
gest
ive
syst
em
wor
k?
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Existing Knowledge
What happens when we eat?
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Session 1:
What do human teeth look like?
Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary
• We have four different types of teeth
• The different types of teeth are:
incisors, canines, premolars and molars
• Each type of tooth looks different
• Each type of tooth has a different purpose
• Teeth/Tooth
• Incisors
• Canines
• Premolars
• Molars
Task: (Talk Partners)
Feel your teeth with your tongue or look at your teeth in a mirror.
Do all of your teeth look and feel the same?
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What are the different types of teeth? Paired Task:
List the four types of teeth:
1. ________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
Label the four types of teeth:
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Independent Task:
Colour the teeth in the diagram: Incisors – blue, molars – red, canines – orange, and premolars – green
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Why do we have different types of teeth?
Paired Discussion:
Why do you think we have different types of teeth?
Paired Task:
Describe the key features and functions of each of our teeth types:
Inci
sors
Can
ines
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Pre
mol
ars
Mol
ars
Independent Task:
How do your teeth work together to help you eat something?
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
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Session 2:
What can happen if we don’t look after our teeth? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary
• We get two sets of teeth in our lifetime
• We have our milk teeth and then our adult teeth
• If we lose our adult teeth, they will not grow back
• Our teeth are made of enamel, dentine and pulp
• We must look after the enamel of our teeth
• Plaque and decay can cause us to lose teeth if they are not looked after properly
• Decay
• Enamel
• Crown
• Root
• Dentine
• Pulp
• Plaque
Knowledge Quiz 4.1
1. How many types of teeth do we have?
2. Your largest teeth are your:
3. The teeth you use to bite into food are your:
4. Your sharpest teeth, which you use to tear your food, are your:
5. The teeth you use to grind and chew your food are your:
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Task: (Talk Partners)
Have you ever lost a tooth? What happened?
Does the same happen if an adult loses a tooth?
Independent Task:
Fill in the missing words: Humans have ___________ sets of teeth in their lifetime. The first set is called ______________ teeth. They start to grow usually when children are around __________________ old and in total, children have ___________ of these teeth. Eventually, milk teeth ___________________ and the second set of teeth begins to grow. These larger teeth are called ______________ teeth. Adults have ___________ of these teeth and they are ___________________.
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What are our teeth made from? Paired Task:
Label the parts of a tooth:
List four ways to keep teeth healthy:
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________
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What happens when our teeth are not healthy? Independent Task:
Order and describe the stages of tooth decay:
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Session 3:
Does eating and drinking damage our teeth? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary
• Some foods and drinks can damage our teeth more than others
• An egg shell can be used to replicate the enamel of our teeth
• We can investigate tooth damage using egg shells
• We can still eat and drink these foods
• We should try not to eat and drink them all of the time
• Brushing our teeth can help to limit the damage
• Tooth
• Eggshell
• Enamel
• Damage
• Acid
• Sugar
Knowledge Quiz 4.2
1. How many types of teeth do we have?
2. The teeth you use to grind and chew your food are your:
3. How many sets of teeth do we have in our lifetime?
4. Which of the below are parts of a tooth?
5. What do we call it when our teeth begin to rot?
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Enamel
Decay
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Task: (Talk Partners)
What impact do foods and drinks have on our teeth?
Tooth Decay Investigation What is the aim of the investigation?
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What do you predict will happen?
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Which liquids are you testing?
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
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4. ____________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________________
How will you make sure this is a fair test?
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
How will you carry out the investigation?
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
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Results:
Day 1
Day 3
Day 5
Day 7
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What happened to the eggs?
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What does this tell you?
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How can you stop this from happening to your own teeth?
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
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Session 4:
Do all animals have the same teeth? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary
• Animal teeth all look very different
• Carnivores have teeth designed for eating meat
• Herbivores have teeth designed for eating plants
• Omnivores have teeth designed for eating both meat and plants
• Looking at animal teeth can help us to understand what the animal eats
• Carnivore
• Herbivore
• Omnivore
• Canine
• Incisor
• Molar
Knowledge Quiz 4.3 1. How many sets of teeth do we have in our lifetime?
2. Which of the below are parts of a tooth?
3. What do we call it when our teeth begin to rot?
4. Which of the below cause damage to our teeth?
5. What should we do to reverse the impact of food and drink on our teeth?
Water
Brush them Eat more sugar Ignore it
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Enamel
Decay
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Task: (Talk Partners)
What do you know about food webs?
In the web below, which animals are the carnivores, herbivores or omnivores?
Independent Task:
Define the following words:
Carnivore
Herbivore
Omnivore
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Paired Task:
Do the sets of teeth belong to a carnivore, a herbivore or an omnivore?
Car
nivo
re
Her
bivo
re
Om
nivo
re
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Independent Task:
How do you know if a set of teeth belong to a carnivore, a herbivore or an omnivore? Carnivore teeth:
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Herbivore teeth:
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Omnivore teeth:
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How do the teeth of humans compare to the teeth of different animals?
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
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Session 5:
What makes up our digestive system? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary
• Each of us has a digestive system
• Our digestive system breaks food down so that nutrients can be absorbed into our bloodstream
• Our digestive systems begin to work as soon as we put food into our mouths
• Our digestive system is made up of different parts
• Each part of our digestive system has a specific function
• Digestive System
• Oesophagus
• Liver
• Stomach
• Intestine
• Gall Bladder
• Pancreas
• Rectum
• Anus
Knowledge Quiz 4.4
1. Which of the below cause damage to our teeth?
2. What should we do to reverse the impact of food and drink on our teeth?
3. An animal with enlarged canines and few molars would be a:
4. An animal with long rows of molars a front row of flat incisors would be a:
5. An animal with a mixture of sharp canines, incisors and molars would be a:
Carnivore
Water
Brush them Eat more sugar Ignore it
Carnivore
Carnivore
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Task: (Talk Partners)
What happens to your food once you have finished chewing? (Note down your ideas) ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Independent Task:
List the main parts of the digestive system:
1. ____________________ 6. ____________________
2. ____________________ 7. ____________________
3. ____________________ 8. ____________________
4. ____________________ 9. ____________________
5. ____________________ 10. ____________________
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Paired Task:
Label the parts of the digestive system:
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Independent Task:
What does each part of the digestive system do?
Tongue
Oesophagus
Liver
Stomach
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus
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Session 6:
How does our digestive system work? Key Knowledge Key Vocabulary
• Each of us has a digestive system
• Our digestive system breaks down food
• The food is broken down so that nutrients can be absorbed into our blood stream
• Each part of our digestive system has a specific function
• We can build and explore a model of the digestive system to help us understand the journey that food takes
• Oesophagus
• Liver
• Stomach
• Intestine
• Gall Bladder
• Pancreas
• Rectum
• Anus
Knowledge Quiz 4.5 1. An animal with enlarged canines and few molars would be a:
2. An animal with long rows of molars a front row of flat incisors would be a:
3. How does food move along your intestines?
4. What happens in your stomach?
5. What does the liver do?
Bile is made
Squeezed by muscles
Carnivore
Carnivore
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Task: (Talk Partners)
Which parts make up the digestive system?
Can you remember where they are and what they look like?
Independent Task:
Describe the journey that food will take once it enters your digestive system:
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
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Review: What do you know about teeth and digestive systems?
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