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![Page 1: Science Investigation Life in the Atacama 2004 Science & Technology Workshop Nathalie A. Cabrol NASA Ames.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649ec15503460f94bcc7cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Science Investigation
Life in the Atacama 2004Science & Technology Workshop
Nathalie A. CabrolNASA Ames
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 2 Carnegie Mellon
Outline of Presentation
Science Objectives and Investigation Plan
Science Activities since 12/03 Overall Science Goals Review of Science Questions and Objectives Summary of Year 01 Campaign Results Introduction to Year 02 Field Campaign
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 3 Carnegie Mellon
Science Activities since 12/03
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 4 Carnegie Mellon
Overall Science Mission: A real science question on Earth with critical applications to Mars
• Understand the Atacama as an habitat for life (large NASA and ASTEP effort);
• Document the limits of life on Earth;
• Test the capacity of a science payload to detect and characterize life in one of the most desertic terrestrial environments for application to Mars exploration
•**Document the current detection limit of life on Earth (robotic vs. human) and collect metrics and data for Mars exploration (new vision);
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 5 Carnegie Mellon
Overall Science Mission: A real science question on Earth with critical applications to Mars
• Remote Science:Test astrobiological exploration strategies and train planetary scientists to benefit future Mars mission operations;
• Telepresence: Test astrobiological exploration strategies for the robotic exploration of extreme terrestrial environments
•** Make genuine discoveries and contribute to the body of knowledge about the Atacama and life in terrestrial extreme environments;
•**Generate a scientific archive that will summarize the results of this campaign (e.g., sample library)
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 6 Carnegie Mellon
Science Question: Can we unambiguously identify the signatures of life remotely?
• Goal 1: Establish the presence of life in situ :
• Goal 2: Establish the gradient of life in the Atacama Desert as an Analog to Mars
• No speculation
• Converging evidence from Science Payload Instruments
• ** Is unambiguous realistic? If not,
• ** How to increase the probability of detecting life signature?
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 7 Carnegie Mellon
Objective 1
• Map habitats and understand past and/or present environmental conditions associated to life
• Morphology
• Geology
• Environment
• Texture, Physical, and Elemental Properties of Rocks and Soils
• Properties and structure of the subsurface (e.g., H2O)
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 8 Carnegie Mellon
Objective 2
• Document how life modifies its environment
• Identify extant/extinct biosignatures, such as patterns, symmetries, colors associated with life activity
• Identify the geosignatures of life (e.g., constructs, biomineralization)
• Characterize the survival strategies derived from the interaction between life and environment
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 9 Carnegie Mellon
Objective 3.1
•Analyze Samples
• During the mission (science field team, see ground-truth, E. A. Grin)
• Post-mission (Lab analysis)
• searching for life: full array
• Comparison with Remote Science Team (RST) results
• Identify limitations, missed habitats and life (or lack thereof) and try to establish possible causes.
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 10 Carnegie Mellon
Objective 3.2
Generate a Science Database• Establish a rigorous and consistent sampling method to
create a lasting database & archives of the Atacama bioactivity.
• Identify database structure and content outline prior to the mission (see ground-truth, E. A. Grin);
• Organize and maintain a web-based archive that will become a scientific archive for post-mission to be used by the science community abroad;
• Exchange information with other groups working in the Atacama (e.g., McKay) and update the database;
• Turn it over to NASA after the end of the project?
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 11 Carnegie Mellon
Objective 4
Develop New Remote Operations Tools That Improve Science Data Collection, Access, and Facilitate Interpretation and Sharing Between Science Theme Groups -STGs- (see Coppin, Wagner, et al.,)
• Test science tools during training sessions• Demonstrate tool use during the Atacama mission• Promote tools to NASA for use in future planetary
missions
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 12 Carnegie Mellon
Objective 5
Understand the Rover Science Mission Process to Improve the Operational Efficiency and Productivity of Future Missions (see Thomas et al., )
(How Mission Scientists Use the Data to Generate Observations and Hypotheses How Observations Lead to New Sequences Science Conclusions)
• Monitor the RST’s activity during the Atacama mission
• Establish ties between interpretation challenges to specific data types and interface tools
• Understand better the process that turns raw data into scientific conclusions:
• Group Theme Level
• RST Level
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 13 Carnegie Mellon
Objective 6
Publish the Science Results
• 02’ Campaign High-Priority
• Submit papers within 6 months of end of mission and agree on publication policies with “satellite” projects
• Science or Nature, one or a series of papers on the theme of searching life with automated vehicles (transition between MER and MSL). Contact editors;
• Astrobiology or Journal of Geophysical Research. Contact the editor for a possible Special Issue to be published in a year or so. Could include:• Our project results• Other Atacama scientists papers. McKay has agreed on the
principle and is highly favorable to the idea.
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 14 Carnegie Mellon
Objective 7
Education and Public Outreach
•Develop a project that conveys the excitement of exploration and discovery to the general public, and classroom. (see P. Coppin)
• Project is related to Mars Exploration and Zoe Rover field campaign
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 15 Carnegie Mellon
Summary of Year 01 Campaign Results: Geology / Morphology
•How did the RST perceive the Atacama through Hyperion?
Very-High RST Interpretation Accuracy Level Compared to Ground-Truth
SPI: MER Equivalent Camera
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 16 Carnegie Mellon
3 out of 4 hypothesized habitats were observed by the RST:• Habitat Type 1: Saline Environment -- hydrated sulfate, possibly gypsum (confirmed for sample 16);
• Habitat Type 2: Desert Pavement/Alluvial fan material
•Habitat Type 3: Soil
• Year 01 Campaign could not confirm unambiguously the presence of chlorophyll-based life. Instrument suffered from stray reflecting light entering the camera creating artifacts.
•Necessity of more than one sensor to confirm a positive
Year 01: Habitats
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 17 Carnegie Mellon
Year 01: Environment
Sol 3 pan 115-R Sol 3 pan 163-R
Sol 3 pan 176-R Sol 3 pan 210-R
T, P, RH, UVA-UVB: RST Identified possible weather patterns and moisture sources
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 18 Carnegie Mellon
Year 01: Mineralogy: Vis/NIR
Mineralogical Environment
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 19 Carnegie Mellon
Year 01 Biology: Fluorescence
VIS 530-570 450-660
• 24 samples acquired, 12 indicated a weak chlorophyll feature from spectral analysis. Only 1 strong (sample 3);
• No fluorescence data was sufficient to confirm the unambiguous presence of chlorophyll-based life.
• Instrument capable of detecting very low light level;
• Dyes necessary to confirm life? (see Waggoner et al.,)
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Life in the Atacama 2004 Workshop 20 Carnegie Mellon
• Building on Year 01 Methods and Results both for science and technology. Ongoing exploration;
• Two exploration sites, which will allow the RST to continue mapping the gradient of life and habitats in the Atacama;
• More payload instruments integrated onboard the rover;
• Some new instruments;
• Mars and Earth exploration strategies
Year 02 Science Campaign: Introduction