Science 9 Unit 2 pack: Reproduction - St. John Brebeuf ... · Science 9 Unit 2 pack: Reproduction...
Transcript of Science 9 Unit 2 pack: Reproduction - St. John Brebeuf ... · Science 9 Unit 2 pack: Reproduction...
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Science 9 Unit 2 pack: Reproduction
Ch 4: The Nucleus
Ch 5: Mitosis
Ch 6: Meiosis
Name______________________________
Students will develop an
understanding of the
processes of cell division as
they pertain to reproduction.
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Section 4.1: The Function of the Nucleus within the Cell
Pages________ By the end of section 4.1 you should be able to understand the following:
� Chromosomes contain genes that store the information to make proteins � Chromosomes are found within the nucleus of the cell � Proteins control the activities of cells � Ribosomes make proteins by using the message carried from the nucleus by RNA
Words to
Know Drawing Definition/Description/Function
DNA
chromosome
gene
nucleolus
nucleus
chromatin
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Words to
Know Drawing Definition/Description/Function
protein
(No Drawing)
ribosome
NOTES 1. Draw and label a plant cell with the above parts (excepting protein).
2. How does DNA contribute to the role
of the nucleus as the control centre of the cell?
3. What is the role of genes in protein
production in the cell?
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Section 4.2: Mutation Pages____________
By the end of section 4.2 you should be able to understand the following:
� Gene mutations can change the order of DNA bases � Gene mutations can have positive, negative or neutral effects on an organism � Mutations can occur spontaneously during DNA replication, or can be caused by mutagens � Gene therapy is a method of mutation correction
Words to Know Definition Example
gene mutation
gene therapy
mutagen
negative
mutation
neutral
mutation
positive
mutation
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1. What are the types
of gene mutations?
Define each and include an example.
2. What are the different
possible effects of mutation?
3. What is a mutagen?
Give three examples.
4. Create a flow chart to describe the steps
involved in gene therapy.
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Section 5.1: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Pages ______
By the end of section 5.1 you should be able to understand the following:
� There are three stages to the cell cycle � Mitosis has four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase � Checkpoint proteins govern whether or not the cell cycle proceeds � Checkpoint protein errors can result in cancer
Words to
Know Definition
cancer
cell cycle
cytokinesis
interphase
mitosis
replication
spindle fibres
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1. Name and draw each stage of the cell cycle
ANNNNND… Describe what happens during each stage.
3. What is cytokinesis
and why is it important?
4. a) Describe what is
meant by a checkpoint in the cell cycle.
b) What might happen if
there were no checkpoint proteins?
c) Under what 3
circumstances will a checkpoint protein order
the repair or destruction of a cell?
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Section 5.2: Asexual Reproduction Pages___________
By the end of section 5.2 you should be able to understand the following:
Words to Know Definition
___________________ A. identical genetic copy of a parent
___________________ B. requires only one parent to reproduce
___________________ C. single-celled organism replicates its genetic material and divides in two
___________________ D. an outgrowth of an individual that develops into a
new individual
___________________ E. parts that break off due to injury and develop into new individuals
___________________ F. plants use special cells that form structures which develop into an identical plant
___________________ G. produced by fungi, these develop into new
organisms by mitosis
___________________ H. cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells
� Asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent � There are several forms of asexual reproduction, including fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative,
and spore formation � Cloning methods can be used to produce organisms with desired traits
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1. Name and describe
the 5 types of asexual reproduction.
Include an example
And a drawing for each.
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2 a) What are the
advantages of asexual reproduction?
List as many as
possible.
b) What are the
disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
List as many as
possible.
3. What are two types
of cloning, and how are they done?
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Section 6.1: Meiosis Pages_____
By the end of section 6.1 you should be able to understand the following: � Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as body cells � Meiosis occurs in two parts, meiosis I and meiosis II � Meiosis creates variation in organisms through the shuffling of genetic information in meiosis I � Mutations can occur during meiosis and can cause genetic disorders
Words to Know Definition
diploid number
embryo
fertilization
gametes
genetic diversity
haploid number
homologous chromosomes
sexual reproduction
zygote
1. What is the difference
between haploid and diploid?
2. What is the difference
between a gamete and an embryo?
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3. Name, draw, label, and describe the different stages of meiosis. (see p. 199)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Interkinesis
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Cytokinesis
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
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4. a) What is crossing over?
b) How does crossing over affect the results
of meiosis I?
5. a) What is independent assortment?
b) How does
independent assortment affect the
results of meiosis I?
c) how many different zygotes are possible
from one egg and sperm?
6. What 3 things can
happen to a
chromosome to cause a chromosome
mutation during meiosis?
Draw examples for
each.
5. What is a karyotype
and how is it performed?
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Section 6.2: Sexual Reproduction Pages_________
By the end of section 6.2 you should be able to understand the following: � Mating, fertilization, and development are the stages of sexual reproduction � Fertilization in sexual reproduction can occur internally or externally � Embryonic development is the early development of an organism
Words to Know Definition
differentiation
embryonic development
external fertilization
internal fertilization
mating
1. What are the 3
stages of sexual reproduction?
Describe what
happens in each stage.
2. Name and describe
the two methods of fertilization.
Give an example for
each.
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3. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of
external fertilization?
Give an example for each point.
Advantages Disadvantages
4. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of
internal fertilization?
Give an example for
each point.
Advantages Disadvantages
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5. Draw and describe
The following stages of embryonic
development. (Be sure to mention if
there is cell specialization)
a) zygote:
b) 4 Cell Stage
c) 8 Cell Stage
d) morula
e) blastula
5. Name the three
trimesters.
For each, state which developments
occur at this time.