Schwantes wild bees living on the edge

Wild Bees Living on the Edge Collin Schwantes, Adrian Carper and Mary Jamieson

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Bee diversity

Natural History

Solitary spp. > 95%

Natural History

Majority of Bees are GROUND nesNng

Natural History

Pollen is protein Nectar is carbohydrate

Scale

Greenleaf et al. 2007

Bee Body size is related to foraging distance Bigger bees forage farther A majority of bee species are foraging about 1km

Vulnerable to Land Use Change

•  Solitary •  Soil NesNng •  Poor Dispersers •  Dependent on Specific Flowers

Land Use Change

Land Use Change

Historically, grasslands are the most converted habitat type

Land Use Change Spatially explicit land-use and land-cover

scenarios for the Great Plains of the United States

Sohl et al. 2012

Roadside Edge

QuesNon

1) Characterize the Bee Community

2) Characterize the Landscape 3) Examine relaNonship between amount of Roadside edge and Bee Community

Hypothesis: Bee communiNes will differ based on the amount of edge habitat in the landscape.

Site SelecNon

Characterizing the Landscape

•  Reclassify and extract data from CDL

•  Delineate and buffer roads, extract areas

Crop Land Data Layer

ExtracNng Data from the CDL

•  Used 2013 CDL •  Reclassified into 6 class

•  Extracted Values to 2km polygon

ExtracNng Roadside Edge

•  Buffered TIGER road lines to cover road

•  Buffered TIGER road lines to cover edge

•  Erased road polygons

•  Extracted Area to 2km circle

ExtracNng Roadside Edge

Roads Buffer Roads Erase

Buffer Central Point extract edge area in buffer

intersect edge with buffer

Characterizing the Landscape

Characterize the Bee Community

Characterizing the Bees


p < 0.001 p < 0.001


Red = High Diversity Blue = Low diversity

Spline based interpolaNon

Characterizing Bee CommuniNes

Characterizing Bee Community

= Helianthus pe-olaris feeders

Results Roadside Edge

High

Low

stress = 8.52 X axis explains 44% of variaNon, Y axis explains 33%

Conclusions

•  Roadside edges airact large numbers bees from diverse genera

•  Sunflower feeding genera dominate bee communiNes

•  CommuniNes diverge when liile roadside edge is in the landscape

Future direcNons

•  Raster based extracNons of edge habitat with species level taxonomic resoluNon

•  Patch Size ~ how big is the grassland that our site is situated in?

•  Combine local and landscape factors

References DeFries, R., Foley, J., & Asner, G. (2004). Land-‐Use Choices : Balancing Human Needs and Ecosystem FuncNon Author. Fron-ers in Ecology and the Environment, 2(5), 249–257. Retrieved from hip://www.jstor.org/stable/3868265 Greenleaf, S. S., Williams, N. M., Winfree, R., & Kremen, C. (2007). Bee foraging ranges and their relaNonship to body size. Oecologia, 153(3), 589–96. doi:10.1007/s00442-‐007-‐0752-‐9 Hurd, P. D., Laberge, W. E., & Linsley, E. G. (1980). Prinicipal Sunflower Bees of North America with Emphasis on the Southwestern United States (Hymenopter: Apoidea). Smithsonian Contribu-ons to Zoology, (310). Kremen, C., Williams, N. M., & Thorp, R. W. (2002). Crop pollinaNon from naNve bees at risk from agricultural intensificaNon. Proceedings of the Na-onal Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(26), 16812–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.262413599 Leibold, M., Economo, E., & Peres-‐Neto, P. (2010). Metacommunity phylogeneNcs: separaNng the roles of environmental filters and historical biogeography. Ecology LeHers, 13(10), 1290–9. doi:10.1111/j.1461-‐0248.2010.01523.x Marshall, E., & Moonen, A. (2002). Field margins in northern Europe: their funcNons and interacNons with agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 89, 5–21. Retrieved from hip://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arNcle/pii/S0167880901003152 Scoi, V., Ascher, J., Griswold, T., & Nufio, C. (2011). The Bees of Colorado, (23). Retrieved from hip://cumuseum.colorado.edu/sites/default/files/The Bees of Colorado.pdf Sipes, S., & Tepedino, V. (2005). Pollen-‐host specificity and evoluNonary paierns of host switching in a clade of specialist bees (Apoidea: Diadasia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 487–505. Retrieved from hip://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-‐8312.2005.00544.x/full Sohl, T. L., Sleeter, B. M., Sayler, K. L., Bouchard, M. A., Reker, R. R., Bennei, S. L., ... & Zhu, Z. (2012). SpaNally explicit land-‐use and land-‐cover scenarios for the Great Plains of the United States. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 153, 1-‐15. Williams, N., & Kremen, C. (2007). Resource distribuNons among habitats determine solitary bee offspring producNon in a mosaic landscape. Ecological Applica-ons, 17(3), 910–921. Retrieved from hip://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/06-‐0269

Acknowledgements

Photo Credit: J. Travis Bildalh Sam Droege Collin Schwantes

Funding and InsNtuNons: United States Department of Agriculture GIS Colorado University of Colorado Boulder University of Wisconsin Madison Colorado State University

Collaborators: Mary Jamieson Adrian Carper Stacey Edriss Bernadeie Kuhn Deane Bowers Andrew Norton

Acknowledgements: Virginia Scoi Amber Churchill Karen Wright QDT Group at CU Boulder Field and Laboratory Technicians

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Schwantes wild bees living on the edge

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